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EP0359611B1 - Method of moulding objects, means with regard to carry out this method and intended installations for this means - Google Patents

Method of moulding objects, means with regard to carry out this method and intended installations for this means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0359611B1
EP0359611B1 EP89402317A EP89402317A EP0359611B1 EP 0359611 B1 EP0359611 B1 EP 0359611B1 EP 89402317 A EP89402317 A EP 89402317A EP 89402317 A EP89402317 A EP 89402317A EP 0359611 B1 EP0359611 B1 EP 0359611B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
face
mould
molten material
hand
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP89402317A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0359611A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Haehne
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Individual
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Priority to AT89402317T priority Critical patent/ATE77576T1/en
Publication of EP0359611A1 publication Critical patent/EP0359611A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
    • B22D27/11—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of mechanical pressing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for molding objects by bringing an at least pasty material into a mold where it solidifies according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to the means for implementing this method as well as to the installations provided with these means according to the preambles of claims 5 and 9.
  • the invention relates to the molding of objects which are traditionally produced in a cluster, that is to say of objects which are formed in a plurality of cavities called imprints supplied by channels connected to a main supply conduit.
  • liquid or pasty material such as molten metal or plastic.
  • the mass of material which solidifies in the distribution channels is often close to, or even much greater than the total mass of the objects obtained.
  • a large proportion is practically in pure loss unless the material solidified in the channels can be recovered which nevertheless generates a loss significant time and energy.
  • the mold In this process, the mold must be kept substantially in contact with the bath until the material solidifies in the cavities, which considerably slows down the casting cycles of this type.
  • This arrangement certainly allows the mold to be removed from the casting station before solidification of the material it contains but, on the other hand, a certain quantity of this material remains trapped in the feed channel of the imprint as short as it is.
  • a result which the invention aims to obtain is a molding process which makes it possible to evacuate each mold from the station for supplying the material substantially at the end of its filling and on the other hand to considerably reduce or even eliminate the losses of material in the feed channels.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of the aforementioned type, in particular characterized in that, before closing the inlet of each feed channel of a cavity, using at least one closing means , we start by closing the so-called feed attack face of the channel of the cavity considered, then the material contained in said feed channel is expelled, in particular towards the outside of the mold.
  • the subject of the invention is also the means for implementing the above method.
  • a mold 1 comprising at least one cavity 2 in which a molten material 3 can be poured in order to form an object 4 after solidification.
  • the mold comprises at least one feed channel 5 of the cavity 2 with the material 3, which channel opens into at least one cavity 2 by a face 6 called feed feed or pouring and more after simply called the leading face 6.
  • the feed channel 5 also opens outside the mold through an inlet opening 7 for example located in the front face 8 of the mold, that is to say its lower face 8 when it is oriented in position d 'use.
  • the mold comprises degassing conduits 9 from the cavity 2, but to simplify the drawing, only one of these conduits 9 has been shown.
  • each supply channel 5 of a cavity 2 typically, before closing the inlet 7 of each supply channel 5 of a cavity 2, using at least one closing means, one begins by closing the so-called face casting attack 6 of the channel of the cavity considered 2 then, the molten material 3 contained in said supply channel 5 is flushed out in particular towards the outside of the mold 1.
  • each casting leading face 6 is closed while substantially respecting the geometry that the molded object 4 must have at this face.
  • One of the advantages of the process of the invention is that, due to the elimination of the materials contained in the so-called feed channels, parts are obtained which are not connected to each other when the mold is opened, which has the effect that the shrinkage which occurs during the solidification of the molded material is exerted only on the volume of the part alone, thus making it possible to mold materials with a high percentage of shrinkage such as bronze in multi-cavities and in metallic mold.
  • Another advantage of the process generated by the fact that the molded objects are rapidly separated from the so-called feeding system after filling the cavities, is that one or more cavities can be placed around a single closure means and multiply the closing means in an available mold surface, without increasing the difficulty of obtaining good quality molded articles.
  • the mold can be divided into sets and / or subsets of movable impressions relative to each other.
  • each cavity of a mold is filled by immersion of this cavity below the level of the surface 10 of a bath 11 of molten material but, the mold could very well be filled using another technique and for example the so-called low pressure molding technique.
  • the receptacle is made to emerge so as to cancel the pressure of the molten material at the orifice 17 of the bottom, this in order to be able to remove the mold from the receptacle, but preferably without canceling the contact between the surface of the bath and the bottom of the receptacle.
  • This type of casting plant is also particularly suitable for automating casting.
  • each feed channel cooperates with the opening provided in the bottom of the receptacle by a nose (not shown) ensuring the seal between the mold and said receptacle.
  • the bottom of the receptacle has as many openings arranged in the same arrangement to allow the passage of the molten material.
  • each casting face is designed to perform its function while substantially respecting the geometry that the molded object must have at said face.
  • the closure means 18 is able to generate such a curved shape.
  • the supply channel 5 is at least locally tangent to one of the faces of the molded object ce, according to an area of extent at least sufficient to constitute the leading face of casting the object and is notably substantially cylindrical and orthogonal to the front face of the mold and on the other hand a so-called primary piston 19, 19 a cooperates with this channel in a sliding manner so as to, by its cylindrical lateral face 18, come close the casting leading face and by its front face 19 b expelling the molten material from the channel in question.
  • piston 19, 19a cooperates with a controlled means of locking in any position and in any case at least in the closed position of the leading face.
  • each feed channel 5 is arranged in the mold coaxially with said spindle 19 a so as to open into one of the faces of the cavity at which this pin is connected and, on the other hand each aforementioned pin is mounted movable in translation on its axis and has a nose 19 c capable of engaging in the channel 5, which nose is of cross section at least sufficient to close the leading face of the casting of the channel in the cavity and of at least sufficient length to, by its end face 19 b , expel the molten material from said channel.
  • the invention comprises at least one means 20, 20 a , 20 b , 20 c , 20 d for compensating for the shrinkage of the molten material during its solidification, which means comprises on the one hand at least one cavity 20 a of equivalent volume to that of removal of the molten material during its solidification taking into account the volume of the molded object and, on the other hand at least one secondary piston 20 b mu by a driving means 20 c and whose face 20 d which cooperates with the molten material in a way to compress it in the cavity 2 to a shape such that it respects the geometry of the face of the object that it comes to form in part.
  • the drive means 20 c may for example consist of a jack.
  • the so-called primary and secondary pistons can be coaxial or parallel but they can also be any.
  • the molds have been represented symbolically and devoid of any non-compulsory means for implementing the method, such as the heating and / or cooling circuits, the assembly and / or disassembly members. molding parts of the mold, etc.
  • the installation further comprises, between the upper edge of the tank and the side wall of the receptacle, a sealing means 24 in particular in order to preserve the surface of the bath of material from contact with the atmosphere of the installation.
  • the mold 1 always comprises means of closing 18 of the leading face 6 for feeding the imprint, which means of closing, after closing of said attack face 6, continue their action to expel the material from the feed channel 5 until the inlet opening 7 of the front face 8 of the mold 1 at least indirectly connected to the tank 21 of the at least pasty material.
  • the radial face of the closure means 19 controlling the leading face 6 has at least one fine groove 26 for feeding the imprint 2.
  • the closing means comprise a pusher 19 and a pusher nose 19 c free in translation relative to the pusher 19 in the feed channel 5 up to, on the one hand, an extreme stop 27 determining its position at the end of the movement driving out the material from the feed channel 5 and, on the other hand, a member (not shown) determining its position during feeding of the cavity 2 by each groove 26.
  • the nose of the pusher 19 c can, in particular by virtue of a depression in the tank 21, remain in abutment against its extreme stop 27 while the pusher is raised.
  • FIG. 9 an exemplary implementation of the invention is shown in the so-called low pressure molding technique.
  • stations 30 to 37 are for example interconnected by means 38 for conveying at least one mold, which means joins the stations preferably in a closed loop.
  • the following stations 34, 35, 36 respectively provide cleaning of the mold, possible change of a tool, coating of the mold with a material optimizing the casting and / or demolding of each part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Devices For Executing Special Programs (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for moulding objects by feeding at least one consistent material into a mould where it solidifies prior to closing the inlet or opening of each runner of a cavity by means of at least one closing device, the gate feeding face of the runner of the cavity in question is closed, and then the molten material contained in the runner is expelled from the mould.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de moulage d'objets par amenée d'un matériau au moins pâteux dans un moule où il se solidifie selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The invention relates to a process for molding objects by bringing an at least pasty material into a mold where it solidifies according to the preamble of claim 1.

L'invention se rapporte également aux moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé ainsi qu'aux installations pourvues de ces moyens selon les préambules des revendications 5 et 9.The invention also relates to the means for implementing this method as well as to the installations provided with these means according to the preambles of claims 5 and 9.

Plus particulièrement mais non exclusivement l'invention intéresse le moulage d'objets qui sont traditionnellement réalisés en grappe c'est à dire d'objets qui sont constitués dans une pluralité de cavités dites empreintes alimentées par des canaux raccordés à un conduit principal d'amenée du matériau liquide ou pâteux tel du métal fondu ou de la matière plastique. Pour ce type de fabrication, la masse de matériau qui se solidifie dans les canaux de distribution est souvent voisine, voire largement supérieure à la masse totale des objets obtenus. Ainsi dans la masse de matériau mise en oeuvre pour chaque amenée de matériau qu'il soit coulé ou injecté, une forte proportion l'est pratiquement en pure perte à moins que le matériau solidifié dans les canaux puisse être récupéré ce qui engendre néanmoins une perte significative de temps et d'énergie.More particularly but not exclusively, the invention relates to the molding of objects which are traditionally produced in a cluster, that is to say of objects which are formed in a plurality of cavities called imprints supplied by channels connected to a main supply conduit. liquid or pasty material such as molten metal or plastic. For this type of manufacturing, the mass of material which solidifies in the distribution channels is often close to, or even much greater than the total mass of the objects obtained. Thus in the mass of material used for each supply of material whether it is cast or injected, a large proportion is practically in pure loss unless the material solidified in the channels can be recovered which nevertheless generates a loss significant time and energy.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, il est connu (FR-A-2.437.901 et 2.007.747),d'une part, par construction de prévoir dans un moule une pluralité d'empreintes équipées de canaux d'alimentation distincts et débouchant dans un même plan notamment dans la face antérieure du moule et, d'autre part, pour alimenter les empreintes, de placer l'ensemble de canaux en communication avec la surface d'un bain de matériau fondu puis par dépression d'y faire monter ledit matériau jusqu'à remplir les empreintes.To overcome this drawback, it is known (FR-A-2,437,901 and 2,007,747), on the one hand, by construction to provide in a mold a plurality of cavities equipped with separate supply channels and opening into the same plane in particular in the front face of the mold and, on the other hand, to feed the imprints, to place the set of channels in communication with the surface of a bath of molten material then by vacuum to cause said said to rise therein material until filling the impressions.

Dans ce procédé, le moule doit être maintenu sensiblement au contact du bain jusqu'à solidification du matériau dans les empreintes, ce qui ralentit considérablement les cycles de coulée de ce type.In this process, the mold must be kept substantially in contact with the bath until the material solidifies in the cavities, which considerably slows down the casting cycles of this type.

Pour éviter d'avoir à attendre la solidification du matériau dans un moule rempli par dépression, il est connu (FR-A-2.007.747) de fermer l'entrée du canal de remplissage sensiblement à l'issue du remplissage du moule.To avoid having to wait for the solidification of the material in a mold filled by vacuum, it is known (FR-A-2,007,747) to close the inlet of the filling channel substantially after filling the mold.

Cette disposition permet certes d'évacuer le moule du poste de coulée avant solidification complète du matériau qu'il contient mais, en revanche une certaine quantité de ce matériau reste prisonnière du canal d'alimentation de l'empreinte aussi court qu'il soit.This arrangement certainly allows the mold to be removed from the casting station before solidification of the material it contains but, on the other hand, a certain quantity of this material remains trapped in the feed channel of the imprint as short as it is.

Un résultat que l'invention vise à obtenir est un procédé de moulage qui permet d'évacuer chaque moule du poste d'amenée du matériau sensiblement à l'issue de son remplissage et d'autre part de réduire considérablement voire même supprimer les pertes de matériau dans les canaux d'alimentation.A result which the invention aims to obtain is a molding process which makes it possible to evacuate each mold from the station for supplying the material substantially at the end of its filling and on the other hand to considerably reduce or even eliminate the losses of material in the feed channels.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé du type précité notamment caractérisé en ce que, avant de fermer l'entrée de chaque canal d'alimentation d'une cavité, à l'aide d'au moins un moyen de fermeture, on commence par fermer la face dite d'attaque d'alimentation du canal de la cavité considérée puis on chasse le matériau contenu dans ledit canal d'alimentation notamment vers l'extérieur du moule.To this end, the subject of the invention is a method of the aforementioned type, in particular characterized in that, before closing the inlet of each feed channel of a cavity, using at least one closing means , we start by closing the so-called feed attack face of the channel of the cavity considered, then the material contained in said feed channel is expelled, in particular towards the outside of the mold.

L'invention a également pour objet les moyens pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé précité.The subject of the invention is also the means for implementing the above method.

L'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description ci-après faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui représente schématiquement :

  • figure 1 : une installation de coulée,
  • figures 2 à 5 : vu en coupe transversale, un moule dans différentes phases de coulée d'un objet,
  • figures 6 et 7 : des variantes de réalisation d'un moule permettant la mise en oeuvre de l'invention,
  • figure 8 : vu en coupe, un détail de réalisation d'une variante plus spécialement destinée au moulage de matière plastique,
  • figure 9 : vu en coupe, un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention en moulage basse pression,
  • figure 10 : vue de dessus, une installation permettant la mise en oeuvre de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description below given by way of nonlimiting example with regard to the appended drawing which schematically represents:
  • Figure 1: a casting installation,
  • Figures 2 to 5: seen in cross section, a mold in different phases of casting an object,
  • FIGS. 6 and 7: alternative embodiments of a mold allowing the implementation of the invention,
  • FIG. 8: seen in section, a detail of embodiment of a variant more specifically intended for molding plastic material,
  • FIG. 9: seen in section, an example of implementation of the invention in low pressure molding,
  • Figure 10: top view, an installation for the implementation of the invention.

En se reportant au dessin, on voit un moule 1 comportant au moins une cavité 2 dans laquelle un matériau fondu 3 peut être coulé en vue de former après solidification un objet 4.Referring to the drawing, we see a mold 1 comprising at least one cavity 2 in which a molten material 3 can be poured in order to form an object 4 after solidification.

Tel que cela apparaît également (figure 1) le moule comporte au moins un canal d'alimentation 5 de la cavité 2 avec le matériau 3, lequel canal débouche dans au moins une cavité 2 par une face 6 dite d'attaque d'alimentation ou de coulée et plus après simplement dite face d'attaque 6.As it also appears (Figure 1) the mold comprises at least one feed channel 5 of the cavity 2 with the material 3, which channel opens into at least one cavity 2 by a face 6 called feed feed or pouring and more after simply called the leading face 6.

Evidemment le canal d'alimentation 5 débouche également à l'extérieur du moule par une ouverture d'entrée 7 par exemple située dans la face antérieure 8 du moule, c'est à dire sa face inférieure 8 lorsqu'il est orienté en position d'utilisation.Obviously the feed channel 5 also opens outside the mold through an inlet opening 7 for example located in the front face 8 of the mold, that is to say its lower face 8 when it is oriented in position d 'use.

De manière connue le moule comporte des conduits de dégazage 9 de la cavité 2 mais pour simplifier le dessin, un seul de ces conduits 9 a été représenté.In known manner, the mold comprises degassing conduits 9 from the cavity 2, but to simplify the drawing, only one of these conduits 9 has been shown.

Tel que cela apparaît (figures 2 à 5) pour remplir la cavité 2 de matériau fondu, on alimente cette dernière par le canal 5 puis après remplissage on ferme l'entrée 7 dudit canal de manière à retenir le matériau fondu dans la cavité 2 même si ce dernier n'est pas complètement solidifié.As it appears (FIGS. 2 to 5) to fill the cavity 2 with molten material, the latter is supplied by the channel 5 then after filling the inlet 7 of said channel is closed so as to retain the molten material in the cavity 2 itself if the latter is not completely solidified.

Toutefois selon l'invention, de manière caractéristique, avant de fermer l'entrée 7 de chaque canal d'alimentation 5 d'une cavité 2, à l'aide d'au moins un moyen de fermeture, on commence par fermer la face dite d'attaque de coulée 6 du canal de la cavité considérée 2 puis, on chasse le matériau fondu 3 contenu dans ledit canal d'alimentation 5 notamment vers l'extérieur du moule 1.However according to the invention, typically, before closing the inlet 7 of each supply channel 5 of a cavity 2, using at least one closing means, one begins by closing the so-called face casting attack 6 of the channel of the cavity considered 2 then, the molten material 3 contained in said supply channel 5 is flushed out in particular towards the outside of the mold 1.

Conformément à l'invention, on ferme chaque face d'attaque de coulée 6 en respectant sensiblement la géométrie que l'objet moulé 4 doit avoir au niveau de cette face.According to the invention, each casting leading face 6 is closed while substantially respecting the geometry that the molded object 4 must have at this face.

Un des avantages du procédé de l'invention est que, du fait de l'élimination des matériaux contenus dans les canaux dits d'alimentation, on obtient des pièces non reliées entre elles lors de l'ouverture du moule, ce qui a comme effet que le retrait qui se produit lors de la solidification du matériau moulé ne s'excerce que sur le seul volume de la pièce permettant ainsi de mouler des matériaux à fort pourcentage de retrait tel du bronze en multi-empreintes et en moule métallique.One of the advantages of the process of the invention is that, due to the elimination of the materials contained in the so-called feed channels, parts are obtained which are not connected to each other when the mold is opened, which has the effect that the shrinkage which occurs during the solidification of the molded material is exerted only on the volume of the part alone, thus making it possible to mold materials with a high percentage of shrinkage such as bronze in multi-cavities and in metallic mold.

Un autre avantage du procédé engendré par le fait que les objets moulés sont rapidement séparés du système dit d'alimentation après le remplissage des empreintes, est que l'on puisse disposer une ou plusieurs empreintes autour d'un seul moyen de fermeture et multiplier les moyens de fermeture dans une surface de moule disponible, sans pour autant augmenter la difficulté d'obtention des objets moulés de bonne qualité.Another advantage of the process generated by the fact that the molded objects are rapidly separated from the so-called feeding system after filling the cavities, is that one or more cavities can be placed around a single closure means and multiply the closing means in an available mold surface, without increasing the difficulty of obtaining good quality molded articles.

Bien que cela ne soit pas représenté, le moule peut être divisé en ensembles et/ou sous-ensembles d'empreintes mobiles les uns par rapport aux autres.Although not shown, the mold can be divided into sets and / or subsets of movable impressions relative to each other.

Jusqu'alors cette possibilité technique n'était applicable qu'au moulage de matières plastiques et elle devient donc applicable aux métaux par la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.Until then, this technical possibility was only applicable to the molding of plastics and it therefore becomes applicable to metals by implementing the method according to the invention.

Suivant l'invention, si cela est nécessaire, lors de sa solidification dans au moins une cavité 2, on compense le retrait du matériau fondu 3 et à cet effet :

  • avant coulée dudit matériau fondu 3 dans chaque cavité précitée, en fonction du volume mis en oeuvre, on estime la valeur de retrait du matériau compte tenu de sa nature et des conditions de coulée telle sa température,
  • on prévoit au moins indirectement en liaison avec chaque cavité au moins une cavité supplémentaire 20a de volume sensiblement égal à la valeur du retrait estimé et,
  • lord de la coulée du matériau dans le moule, on remplit la cavité 2 et chaque cavité 20a supplémentaire qui lui est associée puis,
  • au moins après fermeture de l'entrée de chaque canal d'alimentation de ces cavités 2, 20a, on chasse progressivement le matériau fondu contenu dans chaque cavité supplémentaire 20a au moins vers la cavité 2 avec laquelle elle est en liaison et ce notamment en respectant sensiblement la géométrie et les dimensions de l'objet à former dans la cavité 2.
According to the invention, if necessary, during its solidification in at least one cavity 2, the shrinkage of the molten material 3 is compensated for and for this purpose:
  • before casting said molten material 3 into each aforementioned cavity, depending on the volume used, the shrinkage value of the material is estimated taking into account its nature and the casting conditions such as its temperature,
  • at least indirectly, in connection with each cavity, at least one additional cavity 20 a is provided with a volume substantially equal to the value of the estimated shrinkage and,
  • Lord of the casting of the material in the mold, the cavity 2 is filled and each additional cavity 20 has associated therewith, then
  • at least after closing the inlet of each supply channel of these cavities 2, 20 a , the molten material contained in each additional cavity 20 a is gradually expelled at least towards the cavity 2 with which it is connected and this in particular while substantially respecting the geometry and dimensions of the object to be formed in the cavity 2.

Dans un mode préféré de mise en oeuvre du procédé de coulée reprenant l'une des caractéristiques précitées, on remplit chaque cavité d'un moule par immersion de cette cavité sous le niveau de la surface 10 d'un bain 11 de matériau fondu mais, le moule pourrait très bien être rempli en utilisant une autre technique et par exemple la technique de moulage dite basse pression.In a preferred embodiment of the casting process incorporating one of the aforementioned characteristics, each cavity of a mold is filled by immersion of this cavity below the level of the surface 10 of a bath 11 of molten material but, the mold could very well be filled using another technique and for example the so-called low pressure molding technique.

Conformément à l'invention, selon ce principe, pour remplir au moins une cavité d'au moins un moule :

  • on se munit d'au moins un réceptacle 12 comprenant d'une part un fond 13, des parois latérales 14 et une ouverture d'accès 15 à sa partie supérieure 16 et, d'autre part dans son fond 13 au moins un orifice 17 de section sensiblement égale à celle du canal d'alimentation 5 d'un moule 1 puis,
  • on place le moule considéré sur le fond 13 du réceptacle 12 en mettant en correspondance l'ouverture d'entrée 7 du canal d'alimentation 5 avec l'orifice 17 prévu dans le fond du réceptacle puis,
  • on immerge au moins partiellement dans le bain de matériau fondu le réceptacle, c'est à dire totalement son fond 13, s'il ne l'est pas déjà et, en tout cas, au moins localement ses parois latérales 14, ce sur une profondeur P mesurée à partir de la surface du bain et au moins suffisante pour permettre le remplissage complet de la cavité considérée d'un moule sous l'effet de la pression du matériau fondu et,
  • on maintient cette pression de matériau fondu au moins sensiblement jusqu'après avoir fermé toutes les faces d'attaque de coulée du moule considéré.
According to the invention, according to this principle, to fill at least one cavity with at least one mold:
  • there is provided with at least one receptacle 12 comprising on the one hand a bottom 13, side walls 14 and an access opening 15 at its upper part 16 and, on the other hand in its bottom 13 at least one orifice 17 of section substantially equal to that of the feed channel 5 of a mold 1 then,
  • the mold in question is placed on the bottom 13 of the receptacle 12 by matching the inlet opening 7 of the supply channel 5 with the orifice 17 provided in the bottom of the receptacle then,
  • the receptacle, that is to say its bottom 13, is immersed at least partially in the bath of molten material, if it is not already and, in any case, at least locally its side walls 14, this on a depth P measured from the surface of the bath and at least sufficient to allow complete filling of the cavity in question with a mold under the effect of the pressure of the molten material and,
  • this pressure of molten material is maintained at least substantially until after all the casting attack faces of the mold in question have been closed.

Evidemment après avoir fermé toutes les faces d'attaque de coulée, on fait émerger le réceptacle de manière à annuler la pression du matériau fondu au niveau de l'orifice 17 du fond, ce afin de pouvoir retirer le moule du réceptacle mais de préférence sans toutefois annuler le contact entre la surface du bain et le fond du réceptacle.Obviously after having closed all of the pouring attack faces, the receptacle is made to emerge so as to cancel the pressure of the molten material at the orifice 17 of the bottom, this in order to be able to remove the mold from the receptacle, but preferably without canceling the contact between the surface of the bath and the bottom of the receptacle.

Ce type d'installation de coulée se prête en outre particulièrement bien à l'automatisation de la coulée.This type of casting plant is also particularly suitable for automating casting.

De préférence l'entrée 7 de chaque canal d'alimentation coopère avec l'ouverture prévue dans le fond du réceptacle par un nez (non représenté) assurant l'étanchéité entre le moule et ledit réceptacle.Preferably the inlet 7 of each feed channel cooperates with the opening provided in the bottom of the receptacle by a nose (not shown) ensuring the seal between the mold and said receptacle.

Lorsque le moule comporte plusieurs canaux d'alimentation et donc plusieurs entrées 7, le fond du réceptacle comporte autant d'ouvertures agencées selon la même disposition pour permettre le passage du matériau fondu.When the mold has several feed channels and therefore several inlets 7, the bottom of the receptacle has as many openings arranged in the same arrangement to allow the passage of the molten material.

Les moyens pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention comprennent principalement :

  • au moins un moyen de fermeture 18 de chaque face d'attaque de coulée 6 d'une cavité 2 de moulage et,
  • au moins un moyen 19b d'expulsion du matériau retenu dans chaque canal d'alimentation considéré ce, après fermeture de la face d'attaque avec laquelle communique ce canal.
The means for implementing the invention mainly comprise:
  • at least one closure means 18 for each casting leading face 6 of a molding cavity 2 and,
  • at least one means 19 b for expelling the material retained in each feed channel considered this, after closing the leading face with which this channel communicates.

Selon l'invention le moyen de fermeture 18 de chaque face de coulée est conçu pour assurer sa fonction en respectant sensiblement la géométrie que l'objet moulé doit avoir au niveau de ladite face.According to the invention the closure means 18 of each casting face is designed to perform its function while substantially respecting the geometry that the molded object must have at said face.

Par exemple si la face d'attaque de coulée est courbe, le moyen de fermeture 18 est à même de générer à une telle forme courbe.For example, if the casting attack face is curved, the closure means 18 is able to generate such a curved shape.

Dans une forme de réalisation, d'une part le canal d'alimentation 5 est au moins localement tangent à l'une des faces de l'objet moulé ce, selon une surface d'étendue au moins suffisante pour constituer la face d'attaque de coulée de l'objet et est notamment sensiblement cylindrique et orthogonal à la face antérieure du moule et d'autre part un piston dit primaire 19, 19a coopère avec ce canal de manière coulissante pour, par sa face latérale cylindrique 18, venir fermer la face d'attaque de coulée et par sa face 19b frontale expulser le matériau fondu du canal considéré.In one embodiment, on the one hand the supply channel 5 is at least locally tangent to one of the faces of the molded object ce, according to an area of extent at least sufficient to constitute the leading face of casting the object and is notably substantially cylindrical and orthogonal to the front face of the mold and on the other hand a so-called primary piston 19, 19 a cooperates with this channel in a sliding manner so as to, by its cylindrical lateral face 18, come close the casting leading face and by its front face 19 b expelling the molten material from the channel in question.

Bien que cela ne soit pas représenté en figures 1 à 8, le piston 19, 19a coopère avec un moyen commandé de verrouillage en toutes positions et en tout cas au moins en position de fermeture de la face d'attaque.Although this is not shown in Figures 1 to 8, the piston 19, 19a cooperates with a controlled means of locking in any position and in any case at least in the closed position of the leading face.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation, lorsque l'objet à mouler comporte au moins une broche notamment axiale 19a, d'une part chaque canal d'alimentation 5 est aménagé dans le moule coaxialement à la dite broche 19a de manière à déboucher dans l'une des faces de la cavité au niveau desquelles se raccorde cette broche et, d'autre part chaque broche précitée est montée mobile en translation sur son axe et comporte un nez 19c à même de s'engager dans la canal 5, lequel nez est de section transversale au moins suffisante pour obturer la face d'attaque de coulée du canal dans la cavité et de longueur au moins suffisante pour, par sa face extrême 19b, chasser le matériau fondu dudit canal.In another embodiment, when the object to be molded comprises at least one spindle, in particular an axial spindle 19 a , on the one hand each feed channel 5 is arranged in the mold coaxially with said spindle 19 a so as to open into one of the faces of the cavity at which this pin is connected and, on the other hand each aforementioned pin is mounted movable in translation on its axis and has a nose 19 c capable of engaging in the channel 5, which nose is of cross section at least sufficient to close the leading face of the casting of the channel in the cavity and of at least sufficient length to, by its end face 19 b , expel the molten material from said channel.

Egalement l'invention comprend au moins un moyen 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d de compensation du retrait du matériau fondu lors de sa solidification, lequel moyen comprend d'une part au moins une cavité 20a de volume équivalent à celui de retrait du matériau fondu lors de sa solidification compte tenu du volume de l'objet moulé et, d'autre part au moins un piston secondaire 20b mu par un moyen moteur 20c et dont la face 20d qui coopère avec le matériau fondu pour en quelque sorte le comprimer dans la cavité 2 à une forme telle qu'elle respecte la géométrie de la face de l'objet qu'elle vient former en partie.Also the invention comprises at least one means 20, 20 a , 20 b , 20 c , 20 d for compensating for the shrinkage of the molten material during its solidification, which means comprises on the one hand at least one cavity 20 a of equivalent volume to that of removal of the molten material during its solidification taking into account the volume of the molded object and, on the other hand at least one secondary piston 20 b mu by a driving means 20 c and whose face 20 d which cooperates with the molten material in a way to compress it in the cavity 2 to a shape such that it respects the geometry of the face of the object that it comes to form in part.

Le moyen moteur 20c peut par exemple consister en un vérin.The drive means 20 c may for example consist of a jack.

Tel que cela est représenté en figure 6, les pistons dits primaires et secondaires peuvent être coaxiaux ou parallèles mais ils peuvent aussi être quelconques.As shown in FIG. 6, the so-called primary and secondary pistons can be coaxial or parallel but they can also be any.

Pour simplifier la compréhension de l'invention, les moules ont été représentés symboliquement et dépourvus de tout moyen non obligatoire pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, tel les circuits de réchauffage et/ou de refroidissement, les organes de montage et/ou de démontage des parties moulantes du moule, etc...To simplify the understanding of the invention, the molds have been represented symbolically and devoid of any non-compulsory means for implementing the method, such as the heating and / or cooling circuits, the assembly and / or disassembly members. molding parts of the mold, etc.

En ce qui concerne l'installation de coulée précitée, elle comprend principalement :

  • au moins une cuve 21 contenant le bain de matériau fondu, laquelle cuve est ouverte à sa partie supérieure 22,
  • des moyens de maintien à température du bain de matériau fondu,
  • au moins un moyen 23 de déplacement en translation l'un par rapport à l'autre de la cuve et/ou du réceptacle qui doit recevoir le moule de manière à pouvoir immerger au moins partiellement la cavité du moule sous le niveau du bain de matériau.
As regards the above-mentioned casting installation, it mainly comprises:
  • at least one tank 21 containing the bath of molten material, which tank is open at its upper part 22,
  • means for keeping the bath of molten material at temperature,
  • at least one means 23 for translational displacement relative to each other of the tank and / or of the receptacle which must receive the mold so as to be able to at least partially immerse the mold cavity below the level of the material bath .

De préférence, l'installation comprend en outre, entre le bord supérieur de la cuve et la paroi latérale du réceptacle, un moyen 24 d'étanchéité notamment en vue de préserver la surface du bain de matériau du contact avec l'ambiance de l'installation.Preferably, the installation further comprises, between the upper edge of the tank and the side wall of the receptacle, a sealing means 24 in particular in order to preserve the surface of the bath of material from contact with the atmosphere of the installation.

Evidemment l'environnement des installations n'est pas représente mais on conçoit que ce type d'installation se prête particulièrement à l'automatisation des opérations de coulée.Obviously the environment of the installations is not represented but it is understood that this type of installation lends itself particularly to the automation of casting operations.

En figure 10 on a d'ailleurs représenté schématiquement une telle installation.In Figure 10 there is also schematically shown such an installation.

Dans une variante de réalisation plus particulièrement mais non exclusivement destinée aux matières plastiques (figure 8), le moule 1 comprend toujours des moyens de fermeture 18 de la face d'attaque 6 d'alimentation de l'empreinte, lesquels moyens de fermeture, après fermeture de la dite face d'attaque 6, poursuivent leur action pour chasser le matériau du canal d'alimentation 5 jusqu'à l'ouverture d'entrée 7 de la face antérieure 8 du moule 1 au moins indirectement relié à la cuve 21 du matériau au moins pâteux.In a variant embodiment more particularly but not exclusively intended for plastics (FIG. 8), the mold 1 always comprises means of closing 18 of the leading face 6 for feeding the imprint, which means of closing, after closing of said attack face 6, continue their action to expel the material from the feed channel 5 until the inlet opening 7 of the front face 8 of the mold 1 at least indirectly connected to the tank 21 of the at least pasty material.

Pour une opération de moulage, à l'aide d'un piston 25, le matériau 3 est chassé de la cuve 21.For a molding operation, using a piston 25, the material 3 is expelled from the tank 21.

Il chasse à son tour les moyens de fermeture 18 jusqu'à ce qu'ils dégagent la face d'attaque 6.It in turn drives the closure means 18 until they release the attack face 6.

Avantageusement, la face radiale du moyen de fermeture 19 contrôlant la face d'attaque 6 présente au moins une fine rainure 26 d'alimentation de l'empreinte 2.Advantageously, the radial face of the closure means 19 controlling the leading face 6 has at least one fine groove 26 for feeding the imprint 2.

Les moyens de fermeture comprennent un poussoir 19 et un nez de poussoir 19c libre en translation par rapport au poussoir 19 dans le canal d'alimentation 5 jusqu'à, d'une part, une butée extrême 27 déterminant sa position au terme du mouvement chassant le matériau du canal d'alimentation 5 et, d'autre part, un organe (non représenté) déterminant sa position en cours d'alimentation de l'empreinte 2 par chaque rainure 26.The closing means comprise a pusher 19 and a pusher nose 19 c free in translation relative to the pusher 19 in the feed channel 5 up to, on the one hand, an extreme stop 27 determining its position at the end of the movement driving out the material from the feed channel 5 and, on the other hand, a member (not shown) determining its position during feeding of the cavity 2 by each groove 26.

Etant séparé du poussoir 19, le nez du poussoir 19c peut, notamment à la faveur d'une dépression dans la cuve 21, rester en appui contre sa butée extrême 27 tandis que le poussoir est relevé.Being separated from the pusher 19, the nose of the pusher 19 c can, in particular by virtue of a depression in the tank 21, remain in abutment against its extreme stop 27 while the pusher is raised.

En figure 9, on représente un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention en technique de moulage dite basse pression.In FIG. 9, an exemplary implementation of the invention is shown in the so-called low pressure molding technique.

On remarque la pluralité de buses 29 qui permettent l'alimentation du moule à partir d'un four basse pression non représenté.Note the plurality of nozzles 29 which allow the supply of the mold from a low pressure oven not shown.

Evidemment l'environnement des installations n'est pas représenté mais on conçoit que ce type d'installation se prête particulièrement à l'automatisation des opérations de coulée.Obviously the environment of the installations is not shown, but it can be seen that this type of installation is particularly suitable for the automation of casting operations.

En figure 10 on a d'ailleurs représenté schématiquement une telle installation.In Figure 10 there is also schematically shown such an installation.

En figure 10 on a donc représenté symboliquement les différents postes d'une telle installation de coulée.In FIG. 10, the various stations of such a casting installation have therefore been represented symbolically.

Ces différents postes 30 à 37 sont par exemple reliés entre eux par un moyen 38 de convoyage d'au moins un moule, lequel moyen réunit les postes de préférence en une boucle fermée.These different stations 30 to 37 are for example interconnected by means 38 for conveying at least one mold, which means joins the stations preferably in a closed loop.

Au poste 30 s'opère le moulage du matériau tandis qu'au poste 31 s'effectue la solidification.At station 30 the material is molded while at station 31 solidification takes place.

Aux postes suivants 32, 33 s'opèrent l'ouverture puis l'éjection de la pièce formée donc, chaque cavité du moule.At the following stations 32, 33, the opening and then the ejection of the formed part take place, each cavity of the mold.

Les postes 34, 35, 36 suivants permettent respectivement d'assurer le nettoyage du moule, d'éventuel changement d'un outillage, l'enduction du moule avec un matériau optimisant la coulée et/ou le démoulage de chaque pièce.The following stations 34, 35, 36 respectively provide cleaning of the mold, possible change of a tool, coating of the mold with a material optimizing the casting and / or demolding of each part.

Au dernier poste 37 s'effectue la fermeture du moule.At the last station 37, the mold is closed.

Claims (10)

1. Method of moulding objects (4) by introducing an at least pasty (3) material into at least one cavity (2) of a mould (1) where it solidifies, which mould comprises, on the one hand, at least one supply channel (5) communicating with at least one cavity (2) by way of a face called the contact supply face (6) from one of the faces of the mould, in particular its front face (8) into which it opens by way of an inlet opening (7), and, on the other hand, a means for closing the inlet (7) of the supply channel (5), according to which method the inlet of the supply channel is closed once the cavity (2) has been filled with molten material,
   this method being CHARACTERIZED in that,
before closing the inlet (7) of each supply channel (5) of a cavity (2), with the aid of the closing means, the face called the contact supply face (6) of the channel of the cavity (2) concerned is first closed, then the molten material (3) contained in the said supply channel (5) is expelled, in particular towards the outside of the mould (1).
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shrinkage of the molten material (3) is compensated during its solidification in at least one cavity (2), and to this end:
- before the said molten material (3) is introduced into each said cavity, as a function of the volume used, the shrinkage value of the material is estimated, taking account of its nature and the supply conditions such as its temperature,
- at least one additional cavity (20a) connected at least indirectly to each cavity and of a volume substantially equal to the estimated shrinkage value is provided, and
- as the material is introduced into the mould the cavity (2) and each additional cavity (20a) associated therewith is filled, then
- at least after the inlet of each supply channel of these cavities (2, 20a) has been closed, the molten material contained in each additional cavity (20a) is expelled progressively at least towards the cavity (2) to which it is connected, in particular substantially respecting the geometry and the dimensions of the object to be shaped in the cavity (2).
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each contact supply face (6) is closed while substantially respecting the geometry that the moulded object (4) is to have at the location of this face.
4. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in order to fill at least one cavity of at least one mould:
- at least one receptacle (12) comprising on the one hand a base (13), side walls (14) and an access opening (15) at its upper region (16) and, on the other hand, comprising in its base (13) at least one orifice (17) of section substantially equal to that of at least one supply channel (5) of a mould (1) is taken, then
- the mould concerned is placed on the base (13) of the receptacle (12) by bringing the inlet opening (7) of the supply channel (5) to coincide with the orifice (17) provided in the base of the receptacle, then
- the receptacle is immersed at least partially in the bath of molten material, that is to say its base (13), if it is not already immersed, is totally immersed and in all cases its side walls (14) are at least locally immersed to a depth (P) measured from the bath surface which is at least sufficient to allow complete filling of the mould cavity concerned under the action of the pressure of the molten material, and
- this pressure of molten material is maintained at least substantially until after all the casting contact faces of the mould concerned have been closed.
5. Means for carrying out a method for moulding objects (4), according to which an at least pasty material (3) is introduced into at least one cavity (2) of a mould (1) where it solidifies and the inlet of the supply channel is closed once the cavity (2) has been filled with molten material,
   which means comprise a mould (1) which has, on the one hand, at least one supply channel (5) communicating with at least one cavity (2) by way of a face called the contact supply face (6) from one of the faces of the mould, in particular its front face (8) into which it opens by way of an inlet opening (7), and, on the other hand, a means for closing the inlet (7) of the supply channel (5),
these means being characterized in that they comprise:
- at least one means (18) for closing each contact supply face (6) of a moulding cavity (2), and
- at least one means 19b for expelling material from each supply channel concerned, after the contact face with which this channel communicates has been closed.
6. Means for carrying out a method for moulding objects (4), according to which an at least pasty material (3) is introduced into at least one cavity (2) of a mould (1) where it solidifies and the inlet of the supply channel is closed once the cavity (2) has been filled with molten material,
   which means comprise a mould (1) which has, on the one hand, at least one supply channel (5) communicating with at least one cavity (2) by a face called the contact supply face (6) from one of the faces of the mould, in particular its front face (8) into which it opens by way of an inlet opening (7), and, on the other hand, a means for closing the inlet (7) of the supply channel (5),
   these means being characterized in that they comprise at least one means (20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) for compensating the shrinkage of the molten material as it solidifies, which means comprises on the one hand at least one cavity (20a) of a volume equivalent to that of the shrinkage of the molten material as it solidifies, taking account of the volume of the moulded object, and, on the other hand, at least one secondary piston (20b) which is moved by a motor means (20c) and whereof the face (20d) which cooperates with the molten material in order as it were to compress it in the cavity (2) has a shape such that it substantially respects the geometry of the face of the object which it has just partly shaped.
7. Means for carrying out the method according to Claim 5, characterized in that, on the one hand, the supply channel (5) is at least locally tangential to one of the faces of the moulded object along a surface of a size at least sufficient to form the contact supply face of the object and is in particular substantially cylindrical and perpendicular to the front face of the mould and, on the other hand, a piston called the primary piston (19, 19a) cooperates with this channel in sliding manner in order, by way of its cylindrical side face (18), to close the contact supply face and by way of its frontal face (19b) to expel the molten material from the channel concerned.
8. Means for carrying out the method according to Claim 5, characterized in that when the object to be moulded has at least one pin which is in particular axial (19a), on the one hand each supply channel (5) is made in the mould coaxially to the said pin (19a) so as to open into one of the faces of the cavity at the location at which this pin is connected and on the other hand each said pin is mounted so as to be movable in translation on its axis and has a nose (19c) which is able to engage in the channel (5), which nose has a cross-section at least sufficient to seal the casting contact face of the channel in the cavity and has a length at least sufficient to expel, by way of its end face (19b), the molten material from the said channel.
9. Casting apparatus for carrying out a method for moulding objects (4), according to which an at least pasty material (3) is introduced into at least one cavity (2) of a mould (1) where it solidifies and the inlet of the supply channel is closed once the cavity (2) has been filled with molten material,
   this apparatus comprising in particular:
- a mould (1) which has, on the one hand, at least one supply channel (5) communicating with at least one cavity (2) by way of a face called the contact supply face (6) from one of the faces of the mould, in particular its front face (8) into which it opens by way of an inlet opening (7), and, on the other hand, a means for closing the inlet (7) of the supply channel (5),
- at least one tank (21) containing the bath of molten material, which tank is open in its upper region (22),
- means for maintaining the temperature of the bath of molten material,
- at least one means (23) for the translational movement of the tank and the mould with respect to each other,
   this apparatus being characterized in that the mould is provided with means according to any one of Claims 5 to 8, and in that the means (23) for translational movement controls this movement so as to at least partially immerse the cavity of the mould below the level of the bath of material.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises, between the upper edge of the tank and the side wall of the receptacle, a sealing means (24), in particular for protecting the surface of the bath of material from contact with the atmosphere in the apparatus.
EP89402317A 1988-09-02 1989-08-22 Method of moulding objects, means with regard to carry out this method and intended installations for this means Expired - Lifetime EP0359611B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT89402317T ATE77576T1 (en) 1988-09-02 1989-08-22 PROCESSES FOR MOLDING OBJECTS, MEANS REGARDING THE PERFORMANCE OF THAT PROCESS, AND INTENDED FACILITIES FOR SUCH MEANS.

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FR8811663 1988-09-02
FR8811663A FR2635995B1 (en) 1988-09-02 1988-09-02 PROCESS FOR MOLDING OBJECTS, MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD AND FACILITIES PROVIDED WITH SUCH MEANS

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US5072772A (en) 1991-12-17
FR2635995A1 (en) 1990-03-09
CA1335751C (en) 1995-06-06
ES2033538T3 (en) 1993-03-16
DE68901902D1 (en) 1992-07-30
EP0359611A1 (en) 1990-03-21
DE68901902T2 (en) 1993-01-14
FR2635995B1 (en) 1991-10-04
JPH02137663A (en) 1990-05-25
ATE77576T1 (en) 1992-07-15

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