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EP0354682A2 - Kaltfliessverfahren für Innenverzahnung - Google Patents

Kaltfliessverfahren für Innenverzahnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0354682A2
EP0354682A2 EP89307588A EP89307588A EP0354682A2 EP 0354682 A2 EP0354682 A2 EP 0354682A2 EP 89307588 A EP89307588 A EP 89307588A EP 89307588 A EP89307588 A EP 89307588A EP 0354682 A2 EP0354682 A2 EP 0354682A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
teeth
mandrel
die
gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89307588A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0354682A3 (de
Inventor
William James Fuhrman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Werke GmbH
Ford France SA
Ford Motor Co Ltd
Ford Motor Co
Original Assignee
Ford Werke GmbH
Ford France SA
Ford Motor Co Ltd
Ford Motor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Werke GmbH, Ford France SA, Ford Motor Co Ltd, Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Werke GmbH
Publication of EP0354682A2 publication Critical patent/EP0354682A2/de
Publication of EP0354682A3 publication Critical patent/EP0354682A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B21C23/10—Making finned tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/14—Making other products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal ring gear extension. It is adapted especially for the manufacture of ring gears for use in automotive vehicle transmissions. It is usual practice in the manufacture of such ring gears to broach or shape a ring gear workpiece, the workpiece being a ring formed from tubular stock. The broaching or shaping operation is followed by a by heat treatment. These operations are relatively slow; and they are relatively costly because of the high cost of the required machine tools, accessory equipment and tool maintenance.
  • Patent 3,910,091 describes an extrusion process for forming pinions for external gear teeth.
  • the pinion blank in that process is extruded through a die having internal die teeth.
  • the die teeth are provided with a lead-in edge, an abbreviated metal forming region that forms the involute shape of the external gear teeth and a recessed relieved portion, the latter allowing the formed gear blank to pass through the die.
  • Patent '091 describes also method steps for sequentially loading the gear blanks whereby a press acting on one gear blank forces a preceding gear blank through the die until it is ejected at the trailing edge of the die teeth.
  • an internal ring gear extrusion process comprising the steps of, mounting a mandrel with a cylindrical pilot portion in alignment with a die press punch in the form of a sleeve, preparing an annular workpiece with predetermined inside and outside diameters, mounting said workpiece over said pilot portion, said mandrel having metal forming die teeth, said die teeth having a metal forming portion between a lead-in tapered portion and a relief portion, the outside diameter and tooth thickness of said relief portion being reduced relative to said metal forming portion, advancing said punch toward said mandrel until a major portion of the axial length of said workpiece is extruded through said die teeth, withdrawing said punch away from said workpiece and inserting another workpiece adjacent the aforesaid workpiece, and advancing again said punch to complete the extrusion of the teeth of the aforesaid workpiece as the other workpiece forces the aforesaid workpiece through said die teeth.
  • the improved method of this invention makes it possible to use an extrusion process in the manufacture of high quality, precision internal tooth ring gears.
  • the method is adaptable for either steel or aluminium materials.
  • the loading of the gear teeth is such that it is possible to use aluminium stock, rather than steel stock.
  • the improved process also provides tooth length during one stroke of said punch and wherein provides for improved quality consistency, and it eliminates material volume loss because no metal cutting is required to form the extruded teeth. If additional accuracy or surface finish are required in a particular application, the extruded gear can be finished machined by roll finishing, shaving or by using various grinding techniques known in the art.
  • a gear system in Figure 1 having a ring gear 10.
  • ring gear 10 is stressed with relatively low gear tooth forces relative to the other planetary gear elements of the system. It is possible, therefore, for the ring gear 10 to be extruded from aluminium alloy stock material, rather than steel stock. I contemplate, however, that the process of my invention may be adapted for use in extruding steel as well as aluminium.
  • a hydrokinetic torque converter 12 has an impeller 14 connected to an engine, and a turbine 16 which distributes torque to turbine shaft 18 and to the carrier 20 of a first plane­tary gear unit 22.
  • Sun gear 24 of the gear unit 22 can be braked by friction brake 27.
  • Ring gear 26 of gear unit 22 is adapted to be clutched by friction clutch 28 to the sun gear 24 to effect a 1:1 drive ratio to the gear unit 22.
  • An overrunning coupling 30, which comple­ments the action of the clutch 28, is in parallel dis­position with respect to the clutch 28.
  • Torque can be distributed with a 1:1 driving ratio with respect to the input torque.
  • gear unit 22 When the gear unit 22 is locked up, turbine torque is received by intermediate shaft 32 which is adapted to be connected to the common sun gears 34 by friction clutch 36.
  • Sun gears 34 form a part of simple planetary gear units 38 and 40.
  • Clutch 36 is engaged during third speed ratio operation and fourth speed ratio operation, the latter being an overdrive. It is engaged also during reverse drive operation.
  • Sun gears 34 can be braked by friction brake 42 during operation in the fourth speed ratio. Torque is distributed to brake 42 through overrunning coupling 44 arranged in series with brake 42.
  • Shaft 32 is adapted to be connected to the ring gear 46 of planetary gear unit 38 through clutch 48, which is the forward drive clutch. It is engaged during operation in each of the forward drive ratios.
  • Carrier 54 of planetary gear unit 48, as well as ring gear 10 of gear unit 40, are connected to output shaft 56.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an actual embodiment of a portion of the gear mechanism of Figure 1. A complete description of Figure 3 is not necessary since the ring gear 10 is a principal element that relates to the improvements of my invention.
  • reference numerals are used in the illustration of the actual cross section of Figure 3 and in the schematic representation of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 the structure that is used during the extrusion process is shown. It includes a first workpiece 58 that is machined with a precise inside diameter and a precise outside diameter. It is posi­tioned as shown prior to a cold forming operation.
  • the workpiece 58 may be machined from tubular stock. It is provided with a precise internal diameter to effect a precise fit over the pilot portion 60 of a mandrel 62.
  • a press 64 which may be a hydraulic press, includes a sleeve portion 66 that can be moved vertically in the direction of the arrow. This provides clearance to permit loading of the workpiece 58 for registry with the mandrel portion 60.
  • a die support ring 68 surrounds the mandrel and the workpiece during the extrusion process.
  • This support ring has an internal diameter precisely matching the external diameter of the workpiece.
  • the mandrel 62 has die teeth 70 which comprise a major diameter portion 72, a lead-in tapered portion 74 and a relief portion 76.
  • the die teeth spaces assume the shape of the finished gear teeth, which preferably involute teeth.
  • the die teeth extend axially with respect to the centre line of the mandrel.
  • the tangential thickness of the teeth of the die decrease progressively as measurements are taken at progressively lower points on the die teeth.
  • the height of the die teeth are relieved to form a tapered relief section 76.
  • the die ring 68 is a compression ring. It is 5aised and lowered by lower pressure operated cylinders, not shown, which include cylinder rods 78.
  • the die ring 68 and the mandrel 62 are positioned on a firm bed 80 for the press.
  • the sleeve 66 acts as a punch. It is carried by the ram portion of the press in the direction 10 the arrow 82 during the extrusion process.
  • the outside diam­eter is machined to match the support ring 68.
  • the inside diameter corresponds to the minor diameter of the gear tooth part.
  • a shortened gear tooth length is l5termined by computing the volume of the tooth space material that is displaced and converted into axial growth during the extrusion process.
  • the blank is precisely machined to maintain concentricity requirements. For example, inside 20ameter to outside diameter runout must be carefully controlled since this determines the pitch diameter concentricity of the finished part.
  • the blank may be coated with zinc phosphate and soap. It also may be tumbled, 25 desired, with molybdenum disulphide.
  • blank 58 is loaded by placing it over the pilot diameter portion 60 of the mandrel. During its downward travel the punch axially forces the 30ank into the entrance ramp 74 and the tooth area of the mandrel. It stops, in a preferred embodiment of my invention, about .06 inches short of contact of the teeth of the mandrel. This leaves a blank configuration as shown by reference character 58′. When in the 35sition shown, the blank is retained in place with high friction between the mandrel and the die ring as the punch retracts to its upward position.
  • air cylinder rods 78 raise in unison the entire die ring, blank and mandrel system to the level designated by reference character 86 thus providing access for an automated robot, for example, to grab and slide the extruded gear from the confines of the tooling. After ejection of the gear, the air cylinders return the die cylinder to the original position to accept the loading of the next blank.
  • the mandrel itself is floating and self-centre­ing. It is, therefore, capable of accommodating any eccentricity that may be built into the machined blank. Because of the continuous high frictional contact exerted by the partially extruded blank when it is in the position designated by reference character 58′, the composite assembly of the ring, the blank and the mandrel may function as a unit during workpiece ejection.
  • the finished part is a helical gear with internal helical teeth.
  • the mandrel may rotate slightly due to its free floating characteristic to accommodate the displacement in a rotary direction due to the helix angle of the teeth.
  • the relief portion 76 of the teeth prevent spalling of the metal, during the extrusion of the teeth, at the major diameter portions 72 of the die teeth. It also eliminates unnecessary forces because of the reduced friction resulting from the relief of the teeth.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP19890307588 1988-08-08 1989-07-26 Kaltfliessverfahren für Innenverzahnung Withdrawn EP0354682A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22940588A 1988-08-08 1988-08-08
US229405 1988-08-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0354682A2 true EP0354682A2 (de) 1990-02-14
EP0354682A3 EP0354682A3 (de) 1990-11-14

Family

ID=22861105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890307588 Withdrawn EP0354682A3 (de) 1988-08-08 1989-07-26 Kaltfliessverfahren für Innenverzahnung

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0354682A3 (de)
JP (1) JPH0246944A (de)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2325837B2 (de) * 1972-05-23 1975-09-04 Automobiles Peugeot, Paris Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Innenverzahnungen durch Kaltpressen
US3910091A (en) * 1974-04-30 1975-10-07 Ford Motor Co Apparatus and method for cold extrusion of gears
EP0088867A1 (de) * 1982-03-16 1983-09-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Formung von Zahnrädern
US4622842A (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-11-18 Ford Motor Company Die for extruding toothed helical members
DE3639739A1 (de) * 1986-11-21 1988-06-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines eine innenzahnung aufweisenden topffoermigen erzeugnisses

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2325837B2 (de) * 1972-05-23 1975-09-04 Automobiles Peugeot, Paris Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Innenverzahnungen durch Kaltpressen
US3910091A (en) * 1974-04-30 1975-10-07 Ford Motor Co Apparatus and method for cold extrusion of gears
EP0088867A1 (de) * 1982-03-16 1983-09-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Formung von Zahnrädern
US4622842A (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-11-18 Ford Motor Company Die for extruding toothed helical members
DE3639739A1 (de) * 1986-11-21 1988-06-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines eine innenzahnung aufweisenden topffoermigen erzeugnisses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0354682A3 (de) 1990-11-14
JPH0246944A (ja) 1990-02-16

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