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EP0342327B1 - Interrupteur d'appareil - Google Patents

Interrupteur d'appareil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0342327B1
EP0342327B1 EP19890104075 EP89104075A EP0342327B1 EP 0342327 B1 EP0342327 B1 EP 0342327B1 EP 19890104075 EP19890104075 EP 19890104075 EP 89104075 A EP89104075 A EP 89104075A EP 0342327 B1 EP0342327 B1 EP 0342327B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leg
trigger
switch according
apparatus switch
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19890104075
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0342327A1 (fr
Inventor
Edgar Häne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kautt and Bux KG
Original Assignee
Kautt and Bux KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kautt and Bux KG filed Critical Kautt and Bux KG
Publication of EP0342327A1 publication Critical patent/EP0342327A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0342327B1 publication Critical patent/EP0342327B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
    • H01H9/061—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner enclosing a continuously variable impedance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H01H3/20—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch wherein an auxiliary movement thereof, or of an attachment thereto, is necessary before the main movement is possible or effective, e.g. for unlatching, for coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device switch for hand-held power tools, with at least two movable contact bridges, each designed as an L-shaped bracket, in a switch housing, which can be actuated by means of a manually operated push button loaded by a return spring and which are assigned fixed contact pieces which are conductively connected to connecting devices.
  • the known device switches of this type are particularly complex when, as is often the case, a speed controller must also be actuated with their pusher and also protection against unintentional switching on and / or regenerative braking of the motor when switching off is required.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a device switch of the type mentioned in such a way that the requirements placed on such switches can be met with less effort and the smallest possible space requirement. This object is achieved by a device switch with the features of claim 1.
  • the design, storage and actuation of the contact bridges according to the invention then also result in an inexpensive and space-saving Design, if more than two contact bridges are provided, which enables better radio interference suppression, and if, for the purpose of regenerative braking of the motor, the polarity of the rotor relative to the stator is required when the device is switched off, the switching paths of the device switch must therefore be designed as changeover contacts.
  • their pivotable mounting is also advantageous with regard to self-cleaning of the contacts and a force-synchronized movement.
  • the fixed contact pieces assigned to the first legs of the contact bridges are arranged on a printed circuit board according to claim 2.
  • the fixed contact pieces assigned to the second legs are contact springs, since by means of these contact springs, due to the movability of the stirrups about their tilting axis, the contact pressure with which the first legs are assigned the fixed contact pieces can also be generated to contact. If these contact springs are designed according to claim 4, then you also get a simple and very space-saving manner a plug-in terminal for the electrical lines to be connected to the switch.
  • a particularly inexpensive and space-saving connection between the fixed contact pieces provided on the printed circuit board and the connection devices assigned to them is obtained with tension springs according to claim 5, training according to claim 6 eliminating the need for additional contact springs to form plug-in terminal connections.
  • the handle is equipped with a manually operated adjusting wheel.
  • the adjusting wheel can be designed according to claim 9 and a plunger extending in the direction of movement of the trigger can be provided with the features of claim 9.
  • This plunger is preferably arranged in a central longitudinal channel of an extension of the pusher, in which the return spring of the pusher can also be accommodated in a space-saving manner.
  • a rotary potentiometer with a pinion on its shaft is provided in a preferred embodiment, with which a pusher that can be displaced by means of the pusher is provided Rack is engaged.
  • a rotary potentiometer has the advantage over the linear potentiometers commonly used that the rotation path can be selected larger than the displacement path of the trigger by the choice of the transmission, which enables a more sensitive speed setting.
  • the pinion of such a rotary potentiometer is preferably supported according to claim 13, in order to avoid excessive stress on the axis of the rotary potentiometer.
  • the device switch must be equipped with a switch-on lock, this is preferably designed according to claim 14, since it does not require a deep intervention in the device switch like the known switch-on blocks.
  • This switch-on lock is also very simple and space-saving. Furthermore, it can also be designed in a simple manner as a locking device for the pusher, which holds the pusher in the switched-on position until it is released again by a brief load.
  • a device switch for a hand-held power tool for example a hedge trimmer, a foxtail saw, a circular saw or a plane, has a switch housing 1 made of an insulating plastic, which is arranged in the hollow handle of the power tool so that its handle 2 protrudes beyond the surface of the handle and can be operated with the hand gripping the handle.
  • the pusher 2 is longitudinally displaceable in the switch housing 1 and has a permanently connected to the outside of the switch housing 1 head part extension 2 ', which extends in the direction of displacement of the pusher 2 and inside the switch housing 1 is guided by this.
  • the extension 2 ' is provided with a continuous longitudinal channel 3.
  • a return spring designed as a helical compression spring 4, one end of which is supported on a shoulder of the extension 2 'and the other end of which on the switch housing 1.
  • an existing plastic plunger 5 is arranged, which is longitudinally displaceable but non-rotatable in the extension 2 'and carries a steep thread at its outwardly facing end. This steep thread is in engagement with a corresponding threaded bore of an adjusting wheel 6, which is rotatably but axially immovable, mounted in the handle 2.
  • an adjusting wheel 6 which is rotatably but axially immovable, mounted in the handle 2.
  • the adjusting wheel 6 is provided on its circumference with locking recesses 7, with which a locking element 8 made of plastic cooperates.
  • the latching tongue 8 is supported at about half its length by a thickening on the leg of the latching element 8, as a result of which a higher latching force can be achieved.
  • the switch housing 1 forms a bearing shell 12 against which the pinion 13 rests, as a result of which the radial forces resulting from its drive are kept away from its axis and the rotary potentiometer 11.
  • the rotary potentiometer 11 is soldered to a printed circuit board 13, which also carries the other components of a half-wave controller working with a phase control, including the thyrister 14 to be placed in the motor circuit and its cooling plate 15.
  • a substantially plate-shaped actuating body 16 is mounted in the switch housing lying parallel to the circuit board 13 and in the direction of displacement of the extension 2 'slidably a substantially plate-shaped actuating body 16 is mounted.
  • the actuating body has on its rear side facing the printed circuit board 13 a driver pin 17 which engages in a groove of the extension 2 'which extends in its longitudinal direction and ends at a distance from its free end, so that the actuating body 16th is positively carried by the extension 2 'when it is moved outwards by the return spring 4.
  • a second driver pin 18 is provided on the actuating body 16 on the side facing the printed circuit board 13, on which, as shown in FIG. 2, the free end of the rack 9 finds a stop .
  • the two driver pins 17 and 18 are arranged so that the connection between the extension 2 'and the actuating body 16 has a certain free travel, so when actuating the pusher 2, this free travel must only be completed before the actuating body 16 is positively carried.
  • L-shaped bracket 19 which are made of a rectangular cross-section rod made of electrically good conductive material, as shown in Fig. 3, has a longer first leg 19 'and one at about right angles running, shorter, second leg 19 ⁇ .
  • the first legs 19 'of the three brackets 19 are, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, in the direction of displacement of the actuating body 16 at a distance from each other next to the side facing away from the circuit board 13 and thus in the space between the actuating body 16 and one parallel to the actuating body 16 and the plane of movement arranged, second circuit board 20.
  • the latter carries five fixed contact pieces 21, which cooperate with the first legs 19 'and are formed by rivets made of contact material.
  • the bracket 19 are mounted in the region of the rounded transition from the first leg 19 'to the second leg 19' on a bar 22 of the switch housing 1, which runs perpendicular to the two circuit boards 13 and 20 and forms a guide surface for the extension 2 '.
  • the stirrups can be pivoted both about a tilt axis standing perpendicular to the plane of the drawing as shown in FIG. 3 and also pivotable about an approximately parallel to the second leg 19 'parallel to the pivot axis standing vertically on the plane of the drawing when viewed in accordance with FIG. 4 .
  • the actuating body 16 has pin-like projections 23 on the side facing the brackets 19. Between each of these projections 23, the first legs 19 'engage approximately half-length without play, as shown in FIG. 4. A displacement of the actuating body 16 downward when looking in FIG. 4 by actuating the pusher 2 therefore has a pivoting movement of the first leg 19 'clockwise.
  • a leg spring 24 is provided, which is placed around a hollow pin 25 of the switch housing 1, which receives a capacitor soldered onto the circuit board 13.
  • This driver 16' stands vertically on the part of the actuating body 16 which carries the projections 23, as shown in FIG. 2 leaves.
  • the other leg is engaged in the switched-off position of the device switch by a hook 26 formed by the driver 16 ', the contact surface for the leg is flush with a contact surface of a material portion 27 of the switch housing 1 lying directly next to it.
  • the two projections 23 are for one of the first legs 19 'is provided on a part 16 Betschists of the actuating body 16 which is connected to the rest of the actuating body 16 via a connecting part 29 which is elastically deformable in the direction of displacement of the actuating body 16.
  • the connecting part 29 has the shape of a tongue.
  • two S-like tension springs 31 are provided, each with its one end section a conductor track of the second circuit board 20 and with its other Ed section each contact a surface of the associated block-shaped screw terminal 30.
  • one of the two screw terminals 30 is arranged between two terminal contact springs 32, which together with one of the side walls of the screw terminal 30 each form a terminal connection.
  • a third terminal contact spring 32 together with the second screw terminal 30 also forms a terminal connection into which a conductor can be inserted from the outside.
  • each second leg 19 "of the bracket 19 is assigned a contact spring 33, one leg of which is soldered into the printed circuit board 13.
  • the other leg of these contact springs 33 is approximately parallel to the second leg 19 'of the associated bracket 19 and presses against it in In the sense of a tilting movement in a clockwise direction when looking in accordance with FIG. 3.
  • the contact springs 33 are therefore not only used for contacting the assigned second leg 19 ⁇ , but also the generation of the contact force with which the associated first leg 19 'is pressed onto the associated fixed contact pieces 21.
  • the leg of the contact springs 33 soldered to the printed circuit board 13 forms, together with a clamping contact spring 32, a plug-in terminal connection, into which a conductor can be inserted from the outside, as can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • a switch-on lock designated as a whole as 34 has, in a dome 35 formed on the switch housing 1, an actuating button 36 which can be displaced in the dome longitudinal direction and on which one end of a return spring 37 is supported.
  • the other end of the return spring 37 is supported on a rocker 38 made of plastic, which is mounted on a material portion of the switch housing 1.
  • the one arm of the rocker is designed in the form of a pawl, which engages in its locking position in a recess 39 in the outer wall of the extension 2 'and thereby positively secures the latter against displacement.
  • the return spring 37 tries to hold the rocker 38 in this locked position.
  • An actuating pin 40 of the actuating button 36 aligned with the other arm of the rocker 38, when depressed, brings the rocker 38 into the unlocked position, in which the pawl is disengaged from the recess 39.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment described above only in that, as shown in FIG. 6, its tension springs 131 have laterally formed sections, each of which forms a clamping contact spring 132, whereby the number of individual parts is reduced and a separate fastening of the Clamping contact springs 132 on the switch housing are not required.
  • the two clamp contact springs 132 together with the screw connection clamp 130 inserted between them form second clamps.
  • the tension spring 131 shown contacts a conductor track 141 of the second circuit board 120, as in the first exemplary embodiment.

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Commutateur d'appareil pour outils électriques tenus à la main, comprenant au moins deux barrettes de contact mobiles, constituées chacune par une barrette (19) en forme de L, logées dans un boîtier (1) de commutateur, qui peuvent être actionnées au moyen d'un bouton (2) pouvant être actionné manuellement, chargé par un ressort de rappel (4), et auxquelles sont associés des éléments de contact fixes (21, 23) connectés à des dispositifs de connexion (30, 32) par des liaisons conductrices, caractérisé en ce que
    a) toutes les barrettes (19) sont montées mobiles, dans la région de la transition entre la première branche et la seconde branche (19' et 19" respectivement), dans les positions juxtaposées à un certain écartement, sur une réglette (22) pour pouvoir tourner, aussi bien autour d'un axe de basculement qui est perpendiculaire au plan défini par les deux branches (19', 19") d'une seule et même barrette (19) qu'autour d'un axe de pivotement s'étendant perpendiculairement au plan défini par la première branche (19'),
    b) la première branche (19') de chaque barrettes (19) est reliée, à une distance de l'extrémité qui se raccorde à la seconde branche (19"), par une liaison opérant par sûreté de forme dans la direction de sojn pivotement, à un corps d'actionnement (16) qui peut se déplacer dans la direction du pivotement sous l'action du bouton (2),
    c) au moins deux des barrettes (19) étant aussi respectivement en contact avec deux des éléments de contact fixes (21) dans la position d'arrêt.
  2. Commutateur d'appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de contact fixes (21) associés aux premières branches (19') sont disposés sur un côté d'une carte de circuit imprimé (20) fixée dans le boîtier (1) du commutateur.
  3. Commutateur d'appareil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de contact fixes associés aux secondes branches (19") sont constitués par des ressorts de contact (33) qui chargent la seconde branche (19') correspondante dans le sens tendant à presser la première branche (19') correspondante contre les éléments de contact fixes (21) qui leur sont associés.
  4. Commutateur d'appareil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les ressorts de contact (33) présentent une branche fixée dans le boîtier (1) du commutateur et une branche appuyée contre la deuxième branche (19") de la barrette (19) qui leur est associée et en ce que le branche fixée dans le boîtier (1) du commutateur forme, avec un ressort de serrage (32), un dispositif de connexion pour l'embrochage et le blocage automatique d'un conducteur.
  5. Commutateur d'appareil selon une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que, sur des conducteurs (141) de la carte de circuit imprimé (20 ; 120), est appuyé, en contact, un ressort de tension (31 ; 131) conducteur de l'électricité, qui, d'autre part, est en contact avec un dispositif de connexion (30 ; 130).
  6. Commutateur d'appareil selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le segment du ressort de tension (131) qui est en contact avec le dispositif de connexion (130) forme deux ressorts de contact à serrage (132) qui reçoivent entre eux le dispositif de connexion (130), ressorts qui, en combinaison avec un corps en forme de bloc, du dispositif de connexion (130), forment deux connexions à bornes à broche.
  7. Commutateur d'appareil selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par un ressort à branches (24) précontraint dont une branche attaque le corps d'actionnement (16) dans le sens tendant à le placer dans la position de marche et dont l'autre branche, qui est attaquée par l'arrière, par une dent (26) du corps d'actionnement (16) dans la position d'arrêt, peut être repoussée, lors de l'actionnement du bouton (6), transversalement à sa course élastique, à l'encontre de la force d'un ressort de rappel, en libérant la dent en contact contre une surface de portée d'une partie de matière (27) du boîtier (1) du commutateur.
  8. Commutateur d'appareil selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le corps d'actionnement (16) présente deux parties mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre dans la direction de sa translation, qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'une partie intermédiaire (29) présentant l'élasticité d'un ressort, et en ce qu'au moins une des barrettes (19) est en prise par sûreté de forme avec la partie (16") du corps d'actionnement (16) qui peut être déplacée sous l'action du bouton (2), à l'encontre d'une force de rappel de la seconde partie (9) au-delà de la position extrême de l'autre partie.
  9. Commutateur d'appareil selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que, dans le bouton (2), est montée une molette (6) qu'on peut faire tourner autour d'un axe qui s'étend dans sa direction de translation, mais qui est immobilisée dans la direction axiale, et qui est munie d'un perçage fileté situé dans son axe de rotation, avec lequel est en prise un filetage d'un poussoir (5) qui s'étend à partir de la molette (6) jusque dans le volume intérieur du commutateur, et qui est monté mobile en translation longitudinale mais bloqué dans la direction axiale dans un prolongement (2') du bouton (2) qui s'étend dans la direction longitudinale du poussoir (5) et forme, conjointement avec une surface de butée du boîtier (1) du commutateur qui est prévue sur la trajectoire du poussoir (5), un dispositif servant à limiter la course du bouton à une valeur sélectionnable.
  10. Commutateur d'appareil selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le prolongement (2') du bouton (2) présente un canal longitudinal central (3) dans lequel le ressort de rappel (4) est disposé et dans lequel le poussoir (5) est engagé.
  11. Commutateur d'appareil selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une molette de réglage (6) montée rotative dans le bouton (2) est munie sur sa périphérie de crans de verrouillage (7) auxquels est associé, comme élément de verrouillage (8, 8'), un corps en matière plastique qui est encastré dans un évidement du bouton (2) et présente une languette de verrouillage (8') coopérant avec les crans de verrouillage (7), et qui est appuyée contre le bouton (2) de préférence à distance de ses deux extrémités sur le côté qui est le plus éloigné de la molette de réglage.
  12. Commutateur d'appareil selon une des revendications 1 à 11, comprenant une commande à coupure de phase, dont le potentiomètre peut être actionné au moyen du bouton (2), caractérisé en ce que le potentiomètre est un potentiomètre tournant (11) comportant un pignon (10) avec lequel est en prise une crémaillère (9) qu'on peut déplacer en translation au moyen du bouton (2).
  13. Commutateur d'appareil selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le pignon (10) prend appui contre une surface de portée (12) du boîtier (1) du commutateur sur le côté qui est à l'opposé de la crémaillère (9).
  14. Commutateur d'appareil selon une des revendications 1 à 13, comportant un blocage en position de marche (34), caractérisé en ce que le blocage en position de marche (34) comprend une bascule (38) chargée par ressort, montée sur le boîtier (1) du commutateur, qui peut être amenée par pivotement, au moyen d'un corps d'actionnement (36) de sa position de blocage dans laquelle l'un de ses bras est en prise par sûreté de forme avec un cran de verrouillage (39) du bouton (2), à sa position de libération.
EP19890104075 1988-05-10 1989-03-08 Interrupteur d'appareil Expired - Lifetime EP0342327B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883815883 DE3815883A1 (de) 1988-05-10 1988-05-10 Geraeteschalter
DE3815883 1988-05-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0342327A1 EP0342327A1 (fr) 1989-11-23
EP0342327B1 true EP0342327B1 (fr) 1993-02-03

Family

ID=6354033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890104075 Expired - Lifetime EP0342327B1 (fr) 1988-05-10 1989-03-08 Interrupteur d'appareil

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0342327B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3815883A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4038786A1 (de) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-11 Bsg Schalttechnik Vorrichtung zur steuerung oder regelung von durch akkus versorgter geraete
DE4038785A1 (de) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-11 Bsg Schalttechnik Vorrichtung zur steuerung oder regelung von durch akkus versorgter geraete
DE4038787A1 (de) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-11 Bsg Schalttechnik Vorrichtung zur steuerung oder regelung von durch akkus versorgter geraete
DE4114854A1 (de) * 1991-05-07 1992-11-12 Marquardt Gmbh Schalter, insbesondere akku-schalter fuer handbetaetigte elektrowerkzeuge
DE19635102B4 (de) * 1996-08-30 2006-01-19 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
US6196943B1 (en) * 1999-10-13 2001-03-06 Trinity Metallize Co., Ltd. Electric tool knob control apparatus
DE10028906B4 (de) * 2000-06-10 2011-03-17 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
SE523126C2 (sv) * 2001-01-11 2004-03-30 Electrolux Ab Gasreglage för motordrivna handverktyg
DE102009004320B4 (de) * 2008-01-17 2021-02-25 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
DE102011009763B4 (de) * 2011-01-28 2021-05-20 Marquardt Verwaltungs-Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
PL2571037T3 (pl) * 2011-09-14 2016-01-29 Delonghi Braun Household Gmbh Urządzenie kuchenne napędzane silnikiem elektrycznym
CN104217872B (zh) * 2013-06-03 2017-06-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 自锁开关
DE102017216664A1 (de) * 2017-09-20 2019-03-21 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Elektrischer Hohlwellenmotor

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US3721879A (en) * 1965-07-02 1973-03-20 Arrow Hart Inc Power control for portable electric tool
US3415966A (en) * 1967-05-08 1968-12-10 Lucerne Products Inc Electrical switch with improved bridge contactor
DE6936934U (de) * 1969-09-18 1970-01-02 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schaltgeraeteanschlussklemme
US3755640A (en) * 1972-07-27 1973-08-28 Skie Corp Reversing switch for a power tool with separate selectively movable contact carriers
DE2335972C3 (de) * 1973-07-14 1978-06-15 J. & J. Marquardt, 7201 Rietheim Schalter, insbesondere für ein elektrisches Handwerkzeug
DE7936985U1 (de) * 1979-12-24 1985-05-15 SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere Lenkstockschalter für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE3214870C2 (de) * 1982-04-22 1984-09-20 Kautt & Bux Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Schalter
DE3342474A1 (de) * 1983-11-24 1985-06-13 Preh, Elektrofeinmechanische Werke Jakob Preh Nachf. Gmbh & Co, 8740 Bad Neustadt Schalter
JPS60246513A (ja) * 1984-05-22 1985-12-06 三菱電機株式会社 操作装置
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DE8527798U1 (de) * 1985-09-30 1985-12-19 Heinrich Kopp Gmbh & Co Kg, 8756 Kahl Elektrischer Druckschalter zur Drehzahlsteuerung mit Drehrichtungsumkehr

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3815883A1 (de) 1989-11-23
DE3815883C2 (fr) 1990-07-05
EP0342327A1 (fr) 1989-11-23

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