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EP0278837B1 - Zeitzünder für beliebige Aufschlagrichtung für Munition zum Abschuss aus Feuerwaffen, insbesondere für Granaten - Google Patents

Zeitzünder für beliebige Aufschlagrichtung für Munition zum Abschuss aus Feuerwaffen, insbesondere für Granaten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0278837B1
EP0278837B1 EP88400181A EP88400181A EP0278837B1 EP 0278837 B1 EP0278837 B1 EP 0278837B1 EP 88400181 A EP88400181 A EP 88400181A EP 88400181 A EP88400181 A EP 88400181A EP 0278837 B1 EP0278837 B1 EP 0278837B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
percussion
striking pin
striker
impact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88400181A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0278837A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Baricos
Denis Dilhan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA
Original Assignee
Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA filed Critical Etienne LaCroix Tous Artifices SA
Priority to AT88400181T priority Critical patent/ATE58235T1/de
Publication of EP0278837A1 publication Critical patent/EP0278837A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0278837B1 publication Critical patent/EP0278837B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/28—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids
    • F42C15/285—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges operated by flow of fluent material, e.g. shot, fluids stored within the fuze housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
    • F42C1/06—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact for any direction of impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/18—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition when the spin rate falls below a predetermined limit, e.g. a spring force being stronger than the locking action of a centrifugally-operated lock

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a timer rocket for ammunition fired by a weapon, in particular a grenade.
  • grenades are subjected to impact characteristics which can be extremely variable: frontal impact on hard target, on soft target, impact with non-zero incidence, up to even lateral impact, ...
  • the present invention proposes a timer rocket which precisely makes it possible to meet all of these conditions.
  • the striker is released during a percussion by lateral effect resulting from a high-impact impact, or even when the centrifugal effect undergone by the rocket becomes below a threshold, linked to the force exerted by the first means spring, to operate the self-destruction of the ammunition in the event of ballistic failure.
  • the reference 100 generally designates the body of the rocket, intended to be placed for example on a grenade intended to be fired by a weapon, the rocket coming to be screwed on the orifice of the grenade thanks to a part threaded 101 formed at its base, the axis of the body of the rocket being referenced 110. All the parts of the rocket are supported by a monobloc element 102 of injected plastic, closed by a shell 103 forming a protective envelope and providing to the rocket the necessary aerodynamics.
  • the one-piece element 102 supports in particular the pyrotechnic ignition and firing chain 200, which includes a concentric primer 201, a detonation relay 202 and a transmission relay 203.
  • the primer 201 and the detonation relay 202 communicate via a fire transmission channel 204, the assembly being carried by a mobile assembly 205 which, in the storage configuration shown in FIG. 1, ensures both the misalignment of the primer 201 relative to the striker 301 and that of the detonation relay 202 relative to the transmission relay 203, the latter being permanently set in a cylindrical extension 104 of the body of the rocket, coaxial with the axis 110.
  • the moving element 205 is movable in rotation according to a degree of freedom, around an axis 220 transverse to the axis 110, thanks to two journals 206 allowing it to pivot in the notches 105 of a part 106 of the rocket body forming a crew support bracket.
  • the notches 105 the width of which is complementary to the diameter of the pins 206, extend parallel to the axis 110 and open onto the front of the part 106 of the rocket body.
  • the crew 205 is movable in axial translation, the pins 206 being able to move axially in the notches 105, but it is initially held in the rear position by return springs 208: this additional degree of freedom in axial translation is in fact intended to allow the projection of the crew carrying the primer 201 against the striker in the event of a frontal impact, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 7.
  • An unbalance pin 209 carried by the mobile assembly 205, will allow alignment of the pyrotechnic chain by centrifugal effect, and a stop 210 will limit the resulting rotation to the position ensuring exact chain alignment.
  • a housing 211 initially receiving the striker 301, which has the function on the one hand of protecting the latter, and on the other hand of immobilizing in rotation the moving element in the storage configuration , as long as the striker is not withdrawn by moving in the frontal direction, this movement corresponding to the passage of the rocket in the cocking configuration.
  • the axes of the housing 211 and the channel 204 intersect the axes 110 and 220.
  • the housing 211 intersects the channel 204 without intersecting the primer 201 or the detonation relay 202.
  • the rocket also includes a percussion system for the primer, generally designated by the reference 300, with a metal striker 301, for example made of brass, crimped coaxially to the axis 110 in a support member 302 on which is exerted the tension of an axial spring 303 or self-destruct spring, placed between the top of the cap 103 and the support member 302.
  • a metal striker 301 for example made of brass, crimped coaxially to the axis 110 in a support member 302 on which is exerted the tension of an axial spring 303 or self-destruct spring, placed between the top of the cap 103 and the support member 302.
  • this spring In the storage configuration shown in FIG. 1, this spring is not compressed; however, it can be slightly prestressed.
  • the striker is locked to an element 401 by means of balls 304 each inserted into a housing 305 of a front part 306, of generally cylindrical shape, of the support member 302 of the striker.
  • balls 304 each inserted into a housing 305 of a front part 306, of generally cylindrical shape, of the support member 302 of the striker.
  • two diametrically opposite balls are provided, which are also housed in respective cells 402 of the element 401 (or in an annular groove of this element) to ensure the connection between the latter element and the support member 302.
  • the balls are maintained by means of an inner annular ring 307, divided into a plurality of sectors, for example two half-sectors in the case of two balls, as illustrated in the figures (the gap between these two half sectors is particularly visible in Figure 8, where it bears the reference 308).
  • These sectors are prestressed in the outward radial direction by means of an elastic ring 309 placed in an internal groove suitable for receiving it.
  • the annular sectors 307 are provided with a peripheral groove 310 (apparent in particular in FIG. 8), of shallow depth, to prevent the balls from sliding on the external face of the annular sectors.
  • the annular sectors 307 cooperate with the cylindrical part 306 of the support member 302 by homologous faces in the form of ramps 311 and 312: the ramp 311 formed on the part 306 is frustoconical and diverges towards the front of the rocket; the ramp 312 formed on the annular sectors 307 has the same taper.
  • the striker itself 301 comprises a front face 313 capable of repelling it in the direction of the primer under the effect of a contact exerted by a boss 107 in the front part of the cap, this bringing into contact resulting from a crushing of the cap following a frontal impact with little or no incidence, and of low intensity.
  • these elements 107 and 313 make it possible to guide the axial self-destruction spring 303.
  • the rocket of the invention finally comprises a timer system delaying by a few milliseconds the passage into the arming configuration after the firing of the projectile provided with the rocket.
  • timer means comprise a fixed cylindrical element 403, locked in place by projections 108 and 109 of the body of the rocket, and receiving the element 401 forming a piston (supporting, as indicated above, the percussion assembly), which is formed of a sleeve coaxial with the axis 110 and which can slide in the axial direction inside the cylinder 403.
  • the space between the cylinder 403 and the movable piston 401 defines an annular chamber 404, of variable volume as a function of the position of the piston 401.
  • the piston In the storage configuration, the piston is in the rear position, and the volume 404 is filled with a material capable of flow, preferably glass microbeads - but it can also contain sand, a solid powdered material, a fluid viscous (oil) or not (water), ...
  • a material capable of flow preferably glass microbeads - but it can also contain sand, a solid powdered material, a fluid viscous (oil) or not (water), ...
  • the volume of microbeads can flow through a radial orifice 405 formed in the outer cylinder 403 and possibly calibrated as a function of the equivalent viscosity of the volume of microbeads.
  • this orifice 405 is closed by a cylindrical ring 406 or cocking ring, immobilized by shear pins 409, calibrated.
  • the cocking ring 406 may be erased towards the rear, thereby freeing up the flow orifice 405; thereafter, the ring 406 will be prevented from returning forward by means of a prestressed non-return ring 407 which will abut against the front face of the cocking ring.
  • a spring 408 or arming spring is provided, compressed between the base 102 of the rocket body and the lower part of the piston 401.
  • the arming ring 406 immobilized on the cylinder 403 by its shear pins 409, closes the flow orifices 405 of the glass microbeads, and the piston 401 is therefore prevented from moving.
  • the support member 302 of the striker is secured to the piston 401 by the action of the annular sectors 307 subjected to the action of the elastic ring 309, which pushes the balls 304 into the annular groove 402 machined in the piston 401.
  • the spring of self-destruction 303 slightly prestressed, keeps the assembly in the rear position.
  • the tip 301 of the striker housed in the orifice 211 of the movable assembly 205, immobilizes the latter in the misalignment position of the pyrotechnic chain (primary and secondary explosives).
  • the cocking ring 406 shears the pins 409 by inertia effect and slides along the cylinder 403; the non-return ring 407 comes to immobilize it in the rear position.
  • the orifices 405 for the flow of the glass microbeads are then released and these, stressed by the action of the arming spring 408 as well as by centrifugal force, begin to flow through the orifices 405 (FIG. 5).
  • the assembly formed by the striker 301, its support member 302 and its locking elements is driven by the piston 401 and begins to move forward, while compressing the self-winding spring. destruction 303.
  • the tip 301 of the striker still engaged in the orifice 211, blocks the moving assembly 205 in rotation, thus ensuring mouth safety.
  • the arming spring 408 immobilizes the piston 401 in the front position, the self-destruction spring 303 then being compressed to its maximum.
  • the striker assembly 301-support member 302-worm means rusting 304 is always integral with piston 401, because the force exerted on the balls 304 by the annular sectors 307 and the elastic ring 309 remains greater than that resulting from the compression of the self-destructing spring 303.
  • the moving element 205 is released in rotation by the complete erasure of the tip of the striker 301, and unbalanced by the unbalance pin 209 which, under the action of centrifugal force, aligns the pyrotechnic chain (striker 301, concurrent starter 201, fire transmission channel 204, detonation relay 202 and transmission relay 203).
  • a first percussion mode corresponding to a frontal impact with little or no incidence (FIG. 7)
  • percussion will be carried out directly, in two possible ways: either by pushing back the striker 301 on the concussive primer 201 following the crushing of the front part of the shell 103, the impact being transmitted by the boss 107 to the front part 313 of the striker (case of an impact on a relatively hard target); either by self-percussion of the crew 205 which, having a sufficient stroke in the axial direction, will project by inertia effect against the point of the striker during deceleration, as illustrated in FIG. 7 (case of an impact on a relatively soft target).
  • a second percussion mode the impact takes place under a high incidence (situation illustrated in Figure 8).
  • the rocket's self-destruction system under the effect of the side impact and of the profile 312 in the form of a ramp of sectors 307, and under the action of the self-destruction spring.
  • the balls 304 are erased and release the support member 302, after leaving the orifices 305.
  • the striker 301 can then strike the concentric primer 201.
  • a third percussion mode corresponding to the self-destruction of the grenade in the event of a ballistic incident, the support member of the striker is released as soon as the result normal to the ramps 311,312 of the cumulation of the centrifugal force and the force exerted by the elastic ring 309 on the sectors 307 becomes less than the component normal to the ramps 311.312 of the force applied to the support member 302 by the self-destruction spring 303.
  • the release of the balls 304 is then operated from the same way as before.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Zeitzünder für beliebige Aufschlagrichtung für Munition zum Abschuß aus einer Feuerwaffe, insbesondere einer Granate, welche in einem Zünderkörper (100) aufweist:
- eine pyrotechnische Kette (200) zum Entzünden und Feuern mit einer ersten Anordnung, welche eine in einem beweglichen Organ (205) angeordnete Zündladung (201) enthält, und einer zweiten Anordnung, welche aus einem Übertragungsrelais (203) besteht, wobei das bewegliche Organ bei Bestehen einer Lagerkonfiguration des Zünders die Übertragung des Feuers zwischen den beiden Anordnungen verhindert und bei Bestehen einer Schußkonfiguration durch Zentrifugaleffekt beim Abschießen der Munition in eine Position zur Durchverbindung der Kette gebracht wird,
- ein Perkussionssystem (300) für die Zündladung mit einem Schlagbolzen (301), der von einem mit dem Zünderkörper verbundenen Trägerorgan getragen wird,
- Einrichtungen zur Verriegelung des Perkussionssystems in der Lagerkonfiguration,
- eine Verzögerungsanordnung (400) mit einem entleerbaren Volumen (404), insbesondere einem Volumen mit Mikrokugeln, welches beim Übergang von der Lagerkonfiguration zur Schußkonfiguration fortschreitend entleert wird, und zwar unter der Wirkung eines Verdrängungskolbens (401), welcher durch Federmittel (408) vorgespannt ist und durch einen Zentrifugaleffekt beim Abschießen der Munition freigegeben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
- daß Federmittel (303) vorgesehen sind, um den Schlagbolzen im Abstand von der Zündladung vorzuspannen sowie Auslösemittel, um den unter Spannung stehenden Schlagbolzen freizugeben und seinen Aufschlag auf die Zündeinrichtung zu ermöglichen,
- daß die Auslösemittel ein Ringelement umfassen, welches in eine Mehrzahl von am Umfang beabstandeten Sektoren unterteilt ist, wobei jeder dieser Sektoren mit dem Trägerorgan des Schlagbolzens über eine Oberfläche (312) in Form einer Rampe zusammenwirkt,
- daß das Trägerorgan des Schlagbolzens sich zwischen dem unterteilten Ringelement und einem Element zur Verbindung mit dem Zünderkörper erstreckt,
- daß das Trägerorgan des Schlagbolzens, jeder Sektor des Ringelements und das Verbindungselement jeweils mit entsprechenden gleichförmigen Lagerungen versehen sind und
- daß mindestens eine Rückhaltekugel in diesen Lagerungen angeordnet ist, um jeden Sektor solange an seinem Platz zu halten wie die zur Rampe senkrechte Komponente der auf den Sektor einwirkenden Zentrifugalkraft größer ist als die zur Rampe senkrechte Komponente derjenigen Kraft, welche von den den Schlagbolzen vorspannenden Federmitteln ausgeübt wird, derart, daß der Schlagbolzen nur freigegeben wird, wenn der auf den Zünder wirkende Zentrifugaleffekt unter eine vorgegebene Schwelle fällt, und so entweder den Aufschlag durch einen seitlichen Effekt, der von einem Schlag mit großem Einfallswinkel her rührt, oder die Selbstzerstörung der Munition im Fall eines ballistischen Effekts ermöglicht.
2. Zünder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorderseite (313) des Schlagbolzens dem Frontbereich des Mantelkörpers (13) des Zünders gegenüberliegend derart angeordnet ist, daß die direkte Perkussion der Zündladung durch Stauchung des Mantels ermöglicht wird, welche von einem Aufprall mit einem geringen oder mit einem Null-Einfallswinkel herrührt.
3. Zünder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche, die Zündladung tragende Organ axial in Richtung zur Frontseite derart beweglich ist, daß die direkte Perkussion dieser Ladung durch deren Stoßbewegung gegen den Schlagbolzen für den Fall eines Aufpralls mit geringem oder einem Null-Einfallswinkel ohne genügende Druckverformung des Vorderteils des Mantels ermöglicht wird.
4. Zünder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß außerdem dritte Federmittel (309) vorgesehen sind, um die Sektoren des Ringelementes derart vorzuspannen, daß sie in Radialrichtung herausgedrückt werden, wobei die durch die dritten Federmittel ausgeübte Kraft diejenige unterstützt, welche aus der auf die Sektoren wirkenden Zentrifugalkraft resultiert.
5. Zünder nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dritten Federmittel (309) von einem elastischen Sprengring gebildet werden.
6. Zünder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen Ring umfaßt, welcher in der Lagerkonfiguration die Entleerung des Volumens verhindert, wobei der Ring mit abscherbaren Stiften (409) verbunden und nach Abreißen der Stifte in Axialrichtung unter der Beschleunigungswirkung des Zünders verschiebbar ist, um dann die Entleerung des Volumens zu erlauben.
7. Zünder nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennwegung verhindernden Sprengring (407) verbunden ist.
8. Zünder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Element zur Verbindung des Schlagbolzens mit dem Zünderkörper fest mit dem Verdrängungskolben für die Mikrokugeln verbunden ist und daß das bewegliche Organ eine Aufnahme (211) für die Stoßbewegung der Spitze des Schlagbolzens aufweist, derart, daß diese erst nach vollständiger Entleerung des Volumens der Mikrokugeln in Schußposition gebracht werden kann.
9. Zünder nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anwesenheit der Spitze des Schlagbolzens in der entsprechenden Aufnahme des beweglichen Organs letzteres an einer Drehung hindert und es in einer Position einer Unterbrechung der Kette blockiert, derart, daß jegliche Durchverbindung der pyrotechnischen Kette vor der vollständigen Entleerung des Volumens der Mikrokugeln verhindert wird.
10. Zünder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Organ (205) von einem Rotor gebildet wird, welcher mit zwei Lagerzapfen (206) versehen ist, die drehbar in einer mit dem Zünderkörper verbundenen Stützbügel befestigt sind.
EP88400181A 1987-01-29 1988-01-27 Zeitzünder für beliebige Aufschlagrichtung für Munition zum Abschuss aus Feuerwaffen, insbesondere für Granaten Expired - Lifetime EP0278837B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400181T ATE58235T1 (de) 1987-01-29 1988-01-27 Zeitzuender fuer beliebige aufschlagrichtung fuer munition zum abschuss aus feuerwaffen, insbesondere fuer granaten.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8701071A FR2610397A1 (fr) 1987-01-29 1987-01-29 Fusee temporisatrice a percussion tout azimut pour une munition tiree par une arme, notamment une grenade
FR8701071 1987-01-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0278837A1 EP0278837A1 (de) 1988-08-17
EP0278837B1 true EP0278837B1 (de) 1990-11-07

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ID=9347395

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400181A Expired - Lifetime EP0278837B1 (de) 1987-01-29 1988-01-27 Zeitzünder für beliebige Aufschlagrichtung für Munition zum Abschuss aus Feuerwaffen, insbesondere für Granaten

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0278837B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE58235T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3860952D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2018711B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2610397A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6237495B1 (en) 1999-02-04 2001-05-29 Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Self-destructing impact fuse

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107101541B (zh) * 2017-05-25 2018-12-25 南京理工大学 一种变质心球转子引信延期解除保险装置

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR789511A (fr) * 1934-08-03 1935-10-30 Grenade
BE424577A (de) * 1936-11-12
BE522071A (de) * 1952-09-15
CH402672A (de) * 1962-08-02 1965-11-15 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Selbstzerlegerzünder für Drallgeschosse
US3326132A (en) * 1965-06-16 1967-06-20 Honeywell Inc Delay fuze for spinning projectiles
CH476973A (de) * 1967-06-30 1969-08-15 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Aufschlagzünder für Drallgeschosse
FR2238138A2 (en) * 1973-07-20 1975-02-14 Lacroix E Artillery shell fuse with steel shot egg timer - operated by spin during trajectory in series with normal shearing safety pins

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6237495B1 (en) 1999-02-04 2001-05-29 Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Self-destructing impact fuse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0278837A1 (de) 1988-08-17
FR2610397A1 (fr) 1988-08-05
ATE58235T1 (de) 1990-11-15
ES2018711B3 (es) 1991-05-01
DE3860952D1 (de) 1990-12-13

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