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EP0275827B1 - Filtre pour purifier les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel - Google Patents

Filtre pour purifier les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0275827B1
EP0275827B1 EP87810740A EP87810740A EP0275827B1 EP 0275827 B1 EP0275827 B1 EP 0275827B1 EP 87810740 A EP87810740 A EP 87810740A EP 87810740 A EP87810740 A EP 87810740A EP 0275827 B1 EP0275827 B1 EP 0275827B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soot
filter
exhaust gases
diesel engines
foamed ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87810740A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0275827A1 (fr
Inventor
Tiberiu Mizrah
Albert Maurer
Ludwig Gauckler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd filed Critical Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
Priority to AT87810740T priority Critical patent/ATE59883T1/de
Publication of EP0275827A1 publication Critical patent/EP0275827A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0275827B1 publication Critical patent/EP0275827B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter for cleaning the exhaust gases from diesel engines.
  • soot components of the exhaust gases from diesel engines can be reduced in two ways: by optimizing the mixture preparation and the combustion process in the engine and by installing filters in the exhaust gas flow. Depending on the design of the filter, soot separation rates of 50 to 90% are usually achieved.
  • the soot filter Since the diesel exhaust soot filter would be clogged with soot within a short period of use, the soot must be burned periodically. The time period from one regeneration phase to another is called the regeneration interval. The filter regenerates itself under certain conditions. The soot deposits are burned at temperatures between 550 and 700 ° C. With catalytically coated filters, the ignition temperature can be reduced to approx. 400 ° C.
  • An open-pore foam ceramic is understood to mean a porous ceramic body with a three-dimensional network and cellular structure that contains a large number of continuous cavities.
  • the usually cylindrical or multi-disc ceramic body is brought into the exhaust gas flow from diesel engines in such a way that the exhaust gases act on the end face thereof and flow through them parallel to the axis or positively guided. The soot separation is greatest in the part of the filter initially flowed through and decreases rapidly with increasing flow.
  • the filter in the area to which the flow first flows has reached its soot deposit capacity and has to be regenerated after a relatively short time, but the remaining area of the filter is still capable of soot absorption, but is also already subjected to the regeneration process.
  • EP-PS 0 050 340 describes an exhaust gas filter device which contains such a ceramic body consisting of two clearly delimited areas with different cavities. The area to which the exhaust gases flow first should have 6 to 50 cavities per 2.54 cm, the subsequent area 20 to 150 cavities per 2.54 cm.
  • US-A-4 456 457 describes an exhaust gas purification device made of porous material, the exhaust gas stream first having to pass through a zone of higher cell density and then through a zone of low cell density. In the zone of higher cell density, electrical heating ensures that the deposited carbon particles burn off.
  • the inventors have therefore set themselves the task of reducing the soot ignition temperature in filters for cleaning the exhaust gases of diesel engines with open-cell foam ceramic.
  • the soot will settle more in the area with the denser pore structure and locally lead to a build-up of heat lead to significantly higher temperature peaks.
  • These locally occurring temperature peaks in turn locally burn the soot there and thus initiate the regeneration phase of the soot through the entire foam ceramic filter, the ignition temperature of the soot deposited in areas of the foam ceramic which do not have the denser pore structure being considerably lower than that caused by the means mentioned above.
  • the filter according to the invention consists of an open-pore foam ceramic which has about 1 to 50% by volume, preferably 10 to 25% by volume, of material with a denser pore structure.
  • the coarser ceramic material one with 30 to 80 pores per 2.54 cm is advantageously chosen, for the finer ceramic material one with 40 to 100 pores per 2.54 cm, the difference in the number of pores per 2.54 cm for the two materials being at least 10, preferably 20, is.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Filtre pour l'épuration des gaz d'échappement des moteurs Diesel avec un corps de céramique cellulaire à pores ouverts, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de la céramique cellulaire qui est parcouru en premier lieu par les gaz d'échappement présente en partie une structure poreuse plus dense que le domaine restant, la surface du corps de céramique cellulaire qui est parcourue en premier lieu présentant à raison d'environ 20 à 50% une structure poreuse plus dense, et en ce que le domaine de la céramique cellulaire à structure poreuse plus dense est de 1 à 50% en volume.
2. Filtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de la céramique cellulaire à structure poreuse plus dense est de 120 à 25% en volume.
3. Filtre selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la céramique cellulaire plus grossière présente 30 à 80 pores pour 2,54 cm, la céramique cellulaire plus fine présente 40 à 100 pores pour 2,54 cm, la différence des nombres de pores des deux céramiques cellulaires étant au moins égale à 10, et de préférence égale à 20.
4. Filtre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la surface transversale soumise en premier lieu aux gaz d'échappement est égale à au moins 200 cm2, et de préférence à 250 cm2.
EP87810740A 1986-12-23 1987-12-11 Filtre pour purifier les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel Expired - Lifetime EP0275827B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87810740T ATE59883T1 (de) 1986-12-23 1987-12-11 Filter zur reinigung der abgase von dieselmotoren.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH512386 1986-12-23
CH5123/86 1986-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0275827A1 EP0275827A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
EP0275827B1 true EP0275827B1 (fr) 1991-01-09

Family

ID=4288315

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87810740A Expired - Lifetime EP0275827B1 (fr) 1986-12-23 1987-12-11 Filtre pour purifier les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4857088A (fr)
EP (1) EP0275827B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63167019A (fr)
AT (1) ATE59883T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3767297D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK667787A (fr)
ES (1) ES2020298B3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3001302T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03258911A (ja) * 1990-03-08 1991-11-19 Ngk Insulators Ltd ディーゼル微粒子用フィルタ
ATE190240T1 (de) * 1991-11-26 2000-03-15 Engelhard Corp Oxidationskatalysator und verfahren zur anwendung
KR100318575B1 (ko) * 1991-11-26 2002-04-22 스티븐 아이. 밀러 세리아-알루미나산화촉매및그사용방법
US5250094A (en) 1992-03-16 1993-10-05 Donaldson Company, Inc. Ceramic filter construction and method
US6248684B1 (en) 1992-11-19 2001-06-19 Englehard Corporation Zeolite-containing oxidation catalyst and method of use
US5580535A (en) * 1994-07-07 1996-12-03 Engelhard Corporation System and method for abatement of food cooking fumes
EP1094879B1 (fr) * 1998-07-07 2003-04-09 Corning Incorporated Filtre de gaz d'echappement de moteurs diesel
DE10151698A1 (de) * 2001-10-19 2003-04-30 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Abgasanlage mit Partikelfilter für einen Verbrennungsmotor
FR2860993B1 (fr) * 2003-10-16 2006-06-16 Sicat Filtre catalytique a base de carbure de silicium (b-sic) pour la combustion des suies issues des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion
CN103785226B (zh) * 2014-03-06 2015-12-02 云南家润工贸有限公司 一种陶瓷滤芯的制备方法
EP3569528B1 (fr) 2018-05-16 2020-07-29 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Système de transport

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3173897D1 (en) * 1980-10-17 1986-04-03 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Exhaust filter device for collecting particulates in engine exhaust gases and method for its manufacture
US4451441A (en) * 1981-01-27 1984-05-29 W. R. Grace & Co. Method for exhaust gas treatment
US4456457A (en) * 1981-04-28 1984-06-26 Nippon Soken, Inc. Exhaust gas cleaning device for diesel engine
JPS5893915A (ja) * 1981-11-30 1983-06-03 Nippon Soken Inc 排気ガス微粒子浄化装置
JPS61129015A (ja) * 1984-11-24 1986-06-17 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 排出ガス浄化用フイルタおよびその製造方法
US4600562A (en) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-15 Texaco Inc. Method and apparatus for filtering engine exhaust gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4857088A (en) 1989-08-15
DK667787D0 (da) 1987-12-18
JPS63167019A (ja) 1988-07-11
DK667787A (da) 1988-06-24
GR3001302T3 (en) 1992-08-31
DE3767297D1 (de) 1991-02-14
ATE59883T1 (de) 1991-01-15
EP0275827A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
ES2020298B3 (es) 1991-08-01

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