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EP0262725B1 - Apparatus for carrying out physical and/or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger - Google Patents

Apparatus for carrying out physical and/or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0262725B1
EP0262725B1 EP87201808A EP87201808A EP0262725B1 EP 0262725 B1 EP0262725 B1 EP 0262725B1 EP 87201808 A EP87201808 A EP 87201808A EP 87201808 A EP87201808 A EP 87201808A EP 0262725 B1 EP0262725 B1 EP 0262725B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
distribution plate
lower chamber
riser tubes
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87201808A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0262725A1 (en
Inventor
Dick Gerrit Klaren
Zacharias Laurentius Nuninga
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eskla BV
Original Assignee
Eskla BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eskla BV filed Critical Eskla BV
Publication of EP0262725A1 publication Critical patent/EP0262725A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0262725B1 publication Critical patent/EP0262725B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/38—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out physical and/or chemical processes with has a lower chamber and an upper chamber connected by a plurality of vertical riser tubes for passage of a first medium, e.g. first heat exchanging medium. Between the lower and upper chambers is an intermediate chamber for a second medium, e.g. second heat exchanging medium, which contacts the riser tubes.
  • a fluidisable granular mass i.e. a mass of separate particles
  • One or more gravity tubes are provided for the return of the granular mass from the upper chamber to the lower chamber and extend to a lower level in the lower chamber than the riser tubes.
  • a distribution plate for the first medium is located in the lower chamber at a level between the inlets of the riser tubes and the outlet of the gravity tube(s). The distribution plate has apertures for the passage of the first medium and the granular mass.
  • the apparatus is operated with a circulating granular mass fluidised at least in the riser tubes by the first medium.
  • the granular mass rises up through the riser tubes, and falls again from the upper chamber into the lower chamber through the gravity tube or tubes.
  • the importance of a circulation flow of the mass via a gravity tube has already been described in EP-A-132 873. It is important that the granular mass returned to the lower chamber is delivered below the distribution plate, so that, together with the flow of the first medium, it is fed to the riser tubes evenly distributed by the distribution plate.
  • the granular mass is all at the low level in the apparatus. This means that, when restarting the flow of the first medium, the granular mass can move freely to beneath the distribution plate.
  • this does cause a problem, for example when the distribution plate is fitted with a larger number of relatively small holes to let the fluid and granular mass pass through, or the openings of the distribution plate are fitted with means for deflecting the direction of flow from the vertical direction.
  • the present invention aims to improve the return of the granular mass to the lower chamber for starting the operation.
  • the invention solves this problem by providing in the gravity tube, for the passage of the granular mass, at least one opening connecting to the part of the lower chamber above the distribution plate. By means of this extra opening, after shut-down of operation of the apparatus the granular mass can pass via the gravity tube to the lower chamber below the distribution plate. Where there are a plurality of gravity tubes, at least one of them has such an opening above the distribution plate.
  • This opening or openings above the distribution plate may be an aperture or apertures in the gravity tube wall, but it is preferable and more simple if the gravity tube is completely broken above the distribution plate i.e. the gravity tube has an upper portion and a lower portion separated by a gap. In order nevertheless to achieve good operaton of the gravity tube over its whole length it is preferred that the lower portion of the broken gravity tube is at least as wide as the upper portion. Very good results are achieved where the upper portion extends into the lower portion.
  • the heat exchanger 1 has a casing 2, which is closed at the top and bottom by domed ends 3 and 4 respectively.
  • a first heat exchanging medium is fed to an inlet 7 and discharged via an outlet 8.
  • a second heat exchanging medium can be fed to an inlet 9 and discharged through an outlet 10.
  • the heat exchanger Within the heat exchanger are fitted two tube or pipe plates 5 and 6 which form separations between respectively an upper chamber 11, and an intermediate chamber 12 and a lower chamber 13.
  • riser tubes 14 and one gravity tube 15 are fixed.
  • the gravity tube 15 extends into the lower chamber 13.
  • the riser tubes 14 are fitted at their bottom ends with extended inlet pieces 16 which are fitted with side holes 17; this feature seems to improve the operation of the heat exchanger, but is not essential to the present invention.
  • a first distribution plate 28 is fitted between the bottom ends of the riser tubes 14 and the gravity tube 15.
  • a second distribution plate 19 and a flow baffle 18 are illustrated as in many cases they can contribute to improving the process control. For the operation of the present invention they are however also not essential.
  • the distribution plate 28 has apertures 20 for the passage of the first medium. Reference should be made to EP-A-132873 for fuller description of the construction and operation of the apparatus.
  • the heat exchanger contains a granular mass 29 which can be located above the second distribution plate 19 in the lower chamber 13, the riser tubes 14, the upper chamber 11 and the gravity tube 15.
  • the granular mass 29 will all fall down and thereby only fill part of the lower chamber and the tubes (see Figure 2).
  • the granular mass is brought into the fluidised state by the flowing first medium, at least in the riser tubes, but often in the other places indicated within the heat exchanger.
  • the granular mass rises in the riser tubes and falls through the gravity tube back into the lower chamber.
  • the apertures in the distribution plate 28 need to be large enough so that they do not hinder the transport of grains.
  • the apparatus described seems to be able to operate well if, before complete restart of the flow of the first heat exchanging medium, the grains can fall freely to below the distribution plate 28.
  • Figure 2 shows a part of the apparatus of Figure 1 between the tube plate 6 and the second distribution plate 19 on an enlarged scale.
  • Two different embodiments in accordance with the present invention are shown in this Figure. Of course in practice only one of these embodiments need to be used in one single device.
  • Reference numbers 2,6,13 to 17,19 and 28 in Figure 2 are elements corresponding to those in Figure 1, although on a different scale and partly in a different arrangement or in different numbers. These differences are not important to the concept of the invention.
  • the gravity tube 15 is subdivided into two portions i.e. an upper portion 25 which extends to close above the distribution plate 28 and a lower portion 26 which extends downwards from the distribution plate 28.
  • the lower portion 26 has a rather larger diameter than the top portion 25. (This is not shown in the Figure). Between the portions 25 and 26 there is a gap 27 through which the granular mass can pass to above the second distribution plate 19.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Description

  • The invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out physical and/or chemical processes with has a lower chamber and an upper chamber connected by a plurality of vertical riser tubes for passage of a first medium, e.g. first heat exchanging medium. Between the lower and upper chambers is an intermediate chamber for a second medium, e.g. second heat exchanging medium, which contacts the riser tubes. A fluidisable granular mass (i.e. a mass of separate particles) is present and in use is fluidised at least in the riser tubes by the flow of the first medium. One or more gravity tubes are provided for the return of the granular mass from the upper chamber to the lower chamber and extend to a lower level in the lower chamber than the riser tubes. A distribution plate for the first medium is located in the lower chamber at a level between the inlets of the riser tubes and the outlet of the gravity tube(s). The distribution plate has apertures for the passage of the first medium and the granular mass.
  • Such an apparatus is known from EP-A 132 873.
  • The apparatus is operated with a circulating granular mass fluidised at least in the riser tubes by the first medium. The granular mass rises up through the riser tubes, and falls again from the upper chamber into the lower chamber through the gravity tube or tubes. The importance of a circulation flow of the mass via a gravity tube has already been described in EP-A-132 873. It is important that the granular mass returned to the lower chamber is delivered below the distribution plate, so that, together with the flow of the first medium, it is fed to the riser tubes evenly distributed by the distribution plate.
  • It is very important that during startup, after shutdown of the apparatus, the granular mass is all at the low level in the apparatus. This means that, when restarting the flow of the first medium, the granular mass can move freely to beneath the distribution plate. In various embodiments of the distribution plate for evenly distributing the first medium to the riser tubes, this does cause a problem, for example when the distribution plate is fitted with a larger number of relatively small holes to let the fluid and granular mass pass through, or the openings of the distribution plate are fitted with means for deflecting the direction of flow from the vertical direction.
  • The present invention aims to improve the return of the granular mass to the lower chamber for starting the operation.
  • The invention solves this problem by providing in the gravity tube, for the passage of the granular mass, at least one opening connecting to the part of the lower chamber above the distribution plate. By means of this extra opening, after shut-down of operation of the apparatus the granular mass can pass via the gravity tube to the lower chamber below the distribution plate. Where there are a plurality of gravity tubes, at least one of them has such an opening above the distribution plate.
  • This opening or openings above the distribution plate may be an aperture or apertures in the gravity tube wall, but it is preferable and more simple if the gravity tube is completely broken above the distribution plate i.e. the gravity tube has an upper portion and a lower portion separated by a gap. In order nevertheless to achieve good operaton of the gravity tube over its whole length it is preferred that the lower portion of the broken gravity tube is at least as wide as the upper portion. Very good results are achieved where the upper portion extends into the lower portion.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of an example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
    • Figure 1 shows, in schematic vertical section, a heat exchanger of the prior art, and
    • Figure 2 shows a detail from Figure 1 on an enlarged scale, in which the invention is applied.
  • In Figure 1, which represents the known state of the art, the heat exchanger 1 has a casing 2, which is closed at the top and bottom by domed ends 3 and 4 respectively. A first heat exchanging medium is fed to an inlet 7 and discharged via an outlet 8. A second heat exchanging medium can be fed to an inlet 9 and discharged through an outlet 10.
  • Within the heat exchanger are fitted two tube or pipe plates 5 and 6 which form separations between respectively an upper chamber 11, and an intermediate chamber 12 and a lower chamber 13. In the tube plates 5 and 6 riser tubes 14 and one gravity tube 15 are fixed. The gravity tube 15 extends into the lower chamber 13. The riser tubes 14 are fitted at their bottom ends with extended inlet pieces 16 which are fitted with side holes 17; this feature seems to improve the operation of the heat exchanger, but is not essential to the present invention. Between the bottom ends of the riser tubes 14 and the gravity tube 15, a first distribution plate 28 is fitted. A second distribution plate 19 and a flow baffle 18 are illustrated as in many cases they can contribute to improving the process control. For the operation of the present invention they are however also not essential. The distribution plate 28 has apertures 20 for the passage of the first medium. Reference should be made to EP-A-132873 for fuller description of the construction and operation of the apparatus.
  • The heat exchanger contains a granular mass 29 which can be located above the second distribution plate 19 in the lower chamber 13, the riser tubes 14, the upper chamber 11 and the gravity tube 15. When no first heat exchanging medium is passing through the device the granular mass 29 will all fall down and thereby only fill part of the lower chamber and the tubes (see Figure 2). During operation the granular mass is brought into the fluidised state by the flowing first medium, at least in the riser tubes, but often in the other places indicated within the heat exchanger. During this the granular mass rises in the riser tubes and falls through the gravity tube back into the lower chamber. As a result of the relatively high velocities in the apertures of the distribution plate 28 no grains can fall down through this. On the other hand, the apertures in the distribution plate 28 need to be large enough so that they do not hinder the transport of grains.
  • The apparatus described seems to be able to operate well if, before complete restart of the flow of the first heat exchanging medium, the grains can fall freely to below the distribution plate 28.
  • Problems occur where the distribution plate 28 is fitted with a large number of relatively small apertures, or when these apertures are fitted on their top side with means for deflecting the direction of flow from the vertical direction.
  • Figure 2 shows a part of the apparatus of Figure 1 between the tube plate 6 and the second distribution plate 19 on an enlarged scale. Two different embodiments in accordance with the present invention are shown in this Figure. Of course in practice only one of these embodiments need to be used in one single device.
  • Reference numbers 2,6,13 to 17,19 and 28 in Figure 2 are elements corresponding to those in Figure 1, although on a different scale and partly in a different arrangement or in different numbers. These differences are not important to the concept of the invention.
  • When the granular mass falls down, when the flow of the first heat exchanging medium comes to a standstill, it must be possible for the granular mass to move below the distribution plate 28 into the lower chamber. Depending on the size of the grains relative to the size of the apertures 20, and the design form of inset pieces 23 and disks 22 (which are shown at the left hand side of Figure 2 and have the function of diverting laterally the flow of the first medium), this may cause problems of greater or lesser magnitude. In Figure 2 there are shown two different forms of the design of the gravity tube 15 immediately above distribution plate 28. These two different constructions are shown on either side of the vertical centre line of the gravity tube 15. On the left of the centre line it is shown that one or more holes 24 are provided in the wall of the gravity tube 15, through which the granular mass can fall into the gravity tube, and from there can move down into the lower chamber 13 and spread over the second distribution plate 19.
  • On the right hand side of the centre line in the gravity tube 15 an alternative construction is shown, in which the gravity tube is subdivided into two portions i.e. an upper portion 25 which extends to close above the distribution plate 28 and a lower portion 26 which extends downwards from the distribution plate 28. The lower portion 26 has a rather larger diameter than the top portion 25. (This is not shown in the Figure). Between the portions 25 and 26 there is a gap 27 through which the granular mass can pass to above the second distribution plate 19.

Claims (4)

1. Apparatus for carrying out physical and/or chemical processes, comprising a lower chamber (13), an upper chamber (11), a plurality of vertical riser tubes (14) connecting the lower chamber (13) to the upper chamber (11) for the passage of a first fluid medium from the lower chamber (13) to the upper chamber (11) and an intermediate chamber (12) which is between the lower chamber (13) and the upper chamber (11) and through which the riser tubes (14) extend so that a second fluid medium in the intermediate chamber can contact the riser tubes, wherein in use a granular mass (29) is present in the lower chamber (13), the upper chamber (11) and the riser tubes (14) and is fluidized in at least the riser tubes (14) by the flow of the first medium, wherein at least one vertical gravity tube (15) for return passage of the granular mass from the upper chamber to the lower chamber connects the upper chamber to the lower chamber and has an outlet at a lower level in the lower chamber than the inlets of the riser tubes, and wherein a distribution plate (28) for the first medium having a plurality of openings (20) for the passage of the first medium and the granular mass is mounted in the lower chamber at a level between the inlets of the riser tubes (14) and the outlet of the gravity tube (15)
characterized in that the gravity tube (15) has, for a passage of the granular mass, at least one opening (24;27) connecting to the part of the lower chamber (13) above the distribution plate (28).
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the gravity tube (15) has an upper portion (25) and a lower portion (26) which are separated from each other by a gap providing said opening (27) above the distribution plate (28).
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the lower portion (26) of the gravity tube is at least as wide as the upper portion (25).
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the upper portion of the gravity tube extends into the lower portion.
EP87201808A 1986-09-30 1987-09-22 Apparatus for carrying out physical and/or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger Expired EP0262725B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8602463 1986-09-30
NL8602463A NL192750C (en) 1986-09-30 1986-09-30 Device for operating physical and / or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0262725A1 EP0262725A1 (en) 1988-04-06
EP0262725B1 true EP0262725B1 (en) 1990-03-14

Family

ID=19848616

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87201808A Expired EP0262725B1 (en) 1986-09-30 1987-09-22 Apparatus for carrying out physical and/or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4744413A (en)
EP (1) EP0262725B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63101697A (en)
CA (1) CA1295323C (en)
DE (1) DE3761921D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2013628B3 (en)
NL (1) NL192750C (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8810390D0 (en) * 1988-05-03 1988-06-08 Shell Int Research Apparatus & process for exchanging heat between solid particles & heat exchange medium
KR20010057929A (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-07-05 신현준 Reduction method of gas mixing supplying into internally circulating fluidized bed with a draft tube
MXPA06003045A (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-17 Mexicano Inst Petrol Improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and fluids.
JP5308795B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2013-10-09 住友化学株式会社 Polyolefin production method and polyolefin production system provided with spouted bed apparatus
JP5308797B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2013-10-09 住友化学株式会社 Olefin polymerization reaction apparatus, polyolefin production system, and polyolefin production method
JP5427396B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2014-02-26 住友化学株式会社 Powder transfer apparatus and polyolefin production method
JP5249730B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2013-07-31 住友化学株式会社 Olefin polymerization reaction apparatus and polyolefin production method
JP5308794B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2013-10-09 住友化学株式会社 Polyolefin production method using spouted bed apparatus
JP5545800B2 (en) * 2009-06-08 2014-07-09 住友化学株式会社 Jet-fluidized bed type olefin polymerization reactor, polyolefin production system, and polyolefin production method
JP6902337B2 (en) 2016-08-03 2021-07-14 住友化学株式会社 Method for producing heterophasic propylene polymerized material

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1179572A (en) * 1957-07-11 1959-05-26 Pechiney Method and apparatus for heating and cooling powders
NL8102307A (en) * 1981-05-12 1982-12-01 Esmil Bv Apparatus and method for thickening by evaporation of a liquid.
CH662639A5 (en) * 1981-12-10 1987-10-15 Sulzer Ag HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FLUID BED FIRING.
NL192055C (en) * 1983-07-22 1997-01-07 Eskla Bv Device for operating physical and / or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger with circulation of granular mass.
US4554963A (en) * 1983-08-19 1985-11-26 Baker International Corporation Method and apparatus for a fluidized bed heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL192750B (en) 1997-09-01
JPH039399B2 (en) 1991-02-08
US4744413A (en) 1988-05-17
JPS63101697A (en) 1988-05-06
EP0262725A1 (en) 1988-04-06
CA1295323C (en) 1992-02-04
ES2013628B3 (en) 1990-05-16
NL192750C (en) 1998-01-06
DE3761921D1 (en) 1990-04-19
NL8602463A (en) 1988-04-18

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