MXPA06003045A - Improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and fluids. - Google Patents
Improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and fluids.Info
- Publication number
- MXPA06003045A MXPA06003045A MXPA06003045A MXPA06003045A MX PA06003045 A MXPA06003045 A MX PA06003045A MX PA06003045 A MXPA06003045 A MX PA06003045A MX PA06003045 A MXPA06003045 A MX PA06003045A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- tubes
- liquid
- heat exchanger
- heat
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05333—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
- F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to improved equipment for the exchange of heat between a liquid and a variety of fluids in liquid or gaseous phase. It comprises an item of equipment that makes it possible to obtain a more efficient transfer of heat between a liquid and a fluid in which the liquid may contain materials that under other circumstances give rise to deposits on the heat-exchange surface, and that owing to its arrangement produces high, balanced efficiency levels of head transfer between the two fluids, allowing substantial pressure differences between them. The liquid circulates via substantially vertical tubes with a mass of fluidizable particles that becomes fluid. The second fluid circulates via a chamber with a system of partitions that confers a helical flow path on the second fluid. The helical path of the second fluid reduces the pressure drop, avoids flow-stagnation points, prevents flow vortices, reduces the induction of tube vibrations, reduces soiling and enhances heat transfer. The equipment involves the use of larger surfaces on the outside of the tubes for obtaining balanced coefficients of heat exchange between the inside and the outside of the tubes.
Description
IMPROVED EQUIPMENT HEAT EXCHANGER BETWEEN LIQUID AND FLUIDS TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The objective of the present invention is to provide a compact heat transfer equipment, which allows the exchange of heat between a liquid with high fouling capacity and a fluid at a pressure (greater than 35kg / cm2) significantly higher than the first liquid, without fouling problems and with heat transfer coefficients (between 1 and 8kW / (m2.K)) (kilowatts / (square meter kelvin)) similar in both sides of the heat exchange surfaces. The shape of the heat exchanger widely used in the industry of chemical processes, petrochemicals, production and refining of oil and its derivatives, consists of a cylinder with a bundle of parallel tubes in its interior that pass through the plates that close the ends of the cylinder to obtain a first fluid that passes inside the tubes. While a second fluid passes into the interior space of the cylinder in contact with the tubes. To allow a better heat exchange, the inside of the cylinder is equipped with screens perpendicular to the main axis of the cylinder so that the second fluid flows approximately perpendicular to the main axis of the tube bundle with periodic flow direction reversals throughout of the cylinder. This way of fixing the flow, improves the heat exchange with respect to the absence of these screens. However, the same flow arrangement causes greater pressure drop in the flow of the second fluid, points of stagnation and heterogeneous flow. This type of heat exchange equipment leads to fouling and loss of efficiency, therefore it is necessary to use large equipment to take these effects into account.
ANTECEDENTS OF THE INVENTION
It is important to note that when it is required to cool compressed hot gas streams on marine platforms, it is common to use seawater. However, seawater is highly corrosive and prone to fouling heat exchange surfaces with minerals and biological deposits. To limit these effects, heat exchangers made of corrosion resistant materials and the formation of such deposits are used, such as titanium, which is a very expensive metal. In addition heat exchangers are used in the form of corrugated plates, where high turbulence does not allow the formation of biological deposits. In addition, plate heat exchangers have typical pressure limitations of around thirty-five atmospheres. Heat exchangers for higher pressures, for example tubes and shell, use much more material, in this case high cost material. For this reason, it is usual to employ an intermediate fluid circuit such as, for example, demineralized water with glycol for gas cooling services at pressures in excess of thirty-five atmospheres. That is, the gas is cooled with an intermediate fluid in heat exchangers that withstand high gas pressure, but made of relatively inexpensive materials; in turn, the intermediate fluid under low pressure is cooled in heat exchangers of corrugated type titanium plate, with seawater. The disadvantages of this way of using seawater as a cooling medium are: the double temperature difference, between sea water and intermediate fluid and between intermediate fluid and gas; and the double weight and volume of heat exchangers. If there is a form of heat exchangers that will allow the direct use of seawater to cool
high pressure gases with high heat transfer coefficients; both on the water side and on the gas side, which does not get dirty with mineral and biological deposits. The patents NL 8,006,161 and NL 8,602,463, establish the use of a mass of fluidisable particles and that Moves, in vertical tubes to achieve high coefficients of heat exchange with liquids that have high capacity of fouling of the walls of the tubes. Likewise, the use and re-circulation of the particles is described by means of devices for separating and returning the particles to the lower inlets of the heat exchange tubes. Contrary to our development, these patents do not describe any improvement in the coefficient of heat exchange outside the vertical tubes; this being the limiting factor in the effectiveness of the equipment. On the other hand in the patents GB 142,715; US 1,525,094; ES 2,021,183; JP 59,173,695 and CZ 209,126 disclose the advantages of arrangements of screens that induce helical flow in tube and shell heat exchangers on the shell side. The helical flow allows a better heat transfer up to 45% without greater pressure drop than in the common systems of screens perpendicular to the axis of the shell. This does not improve the coefficient of heat exchange inside the tubes; which, is wasted all improvement abroad. In relation to the above, constant efforts are made to make a heat exchange equipment more efficient, compact, less prone to fouling, with lower pressure drop, lower weight and lower maintenance cost. It is therefore one of the main objects of this invention to provide an improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and various fluids, which allows the cooling of acid gas at high pressure with seawater.
A further object of the invention is to have equipment that allows obtaining a better coefficient of heat transfer, with the same pressure drop, by combining high heat transfer coefficients of fluidized particle equipment with high coefficients of heat transfer of arrays of screens that induce a helical flow in tube and shell heat exchangers; on the side of the shell, achieving a multiplier effect. These and other objectives will be understood in greater depth and detail in the following chapters.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE INVENTION
In order to obtain a clear and precise understanding of the functionality of the equipment of the present invention, reference will be made to the figures that accompany it.
Figure 1 shows the type of screens in helical form with a tube bundle.
Figure 2 shows an arrangement of the vertical tubes used in the present invention with a mass of fluidized particles.
Figure 3 shows a tube with an enlarged surface shape on the outside.
Figure 4 shows a front view of the heat exchanger, object of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention will now be described in detail, so that the functionality of the equipment is clear from the present description.
The present invention relates to an improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and various fluids in liquid or gaseous phase; as shown in figure 3, which is constituted by a lower chamber (1) and an upper chamber (2), connected with a multiplicity of tubes (3) in a substantially vertical position for the passage of a first exchange liquid of heat. Between the lower and upper chambers (1 and 2) there is an intermediate chamber (4) for a second heat exchange fluid, in contact with said substantially vertical tubes (3) and having devices (5) that conduct said fluid in a helical path. A mass of fluidizable particles (6) is found which flow in the substantially vertical tubes, through the flow of the first liquid. It also contains a diversity of gravity tubes (7) which are intended for the return of granular mass from the upper chamber (2) to the lower chamber (1) and project to a level in the lower chamber, being lower than that of substantially vertical tubes (3). The gravity tubes (7) may or may not pass inside the intermediate chamber (4). The distribution plates (8) for the first fluid are located in the lower chamber (1), at a level between the intake mouth of the substantially vertical tubes (3) and the outlet of the gravity tube (or tubes) (7). ). The distribution plate (8) has openings for the passage of the first fluid and the
granular mass. The characteristic of a high efficiency of heat transfer by the particle mass that is fluidized is known. This is the result of the breaking of the film of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the tubes. A layer of material can be deposited on the inner surface of the tubes increasing the resistance to heat transfer. It is known that the mass of particles that is fluidized prevents the deposition of layers of materials on the surface of the interior of the tubes by an abrasive action. In addition, in the part of the intermediate chamber (4) there is a system of screens (10) (Figure 1), which impart a helical flow path of the second fluid on the outside of the tubes. The helical path of the second fluid, allows to reduce the pressure drop, avoids flow stagnation points, prevents flow swirls, reduces the induction of vibrations of the tubes, reduces fouling and increases heat transfer. The combination of the use of the fluidized bed inside the substantially vertical tubes (3) and the helical flow in the intermediate chamber (4) allow obtaining high heat transfer coefficients in both parts of the heat exchanger in a robust and compact way; this design allows to support large pressure differences between the first fluid and the second fluid. To obtain balanced heat exchange coefficients between the inside and the outside of the tubes; the equipment includes, the use of increased surfaces on the outside of the tubes with superimposed circumferential fins that may or may not be continuous spiral (9), shown in Figure 3.
Claims (10)
1. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, characterized in that it is constituted by two chambers, one lower and one upper, connected with a multiplicity of tubes in a substantially vertical position, for the passage of a first heat exchange liquid; between these chambers there is an intermediate chamber, for the passage of a second heat exchange fluid in contact with the substantially vertical tubes; additionally, in the part of the intermediate chamber there is a system of screens, which impart a helical flow path of the second fluid; the helical path of the second fluid, allows to reduce the pressure drop, avoids flow stagnation points, avoids flow swirls, reduces the induction of vibrations of the tubes, reduces fouling and increases heat transfer .; in turn, it has devices that conduct said fluid in a helical path; it contains a diversity of gravity tubes, which are provided for the return of a granular mass from the upper chamber to the lower chamber and project to a level in the lower chamber, being lower than that of the substantially vertical tubes; distribution plates, which allow the passage of the first fluid, which are located in the lower chamber referred to above, at a level between the intake mouth of the substantially vertical tubes and the outlet of the gravity tube (or tubes); the distribution plates have openings for the passage of the first fluid and the granular mass; finally it comprises a series of surfaces increased on the outside of the tubes with superimposed circumferential fins that may or may not be continuous spiral, to obtain balanced heat exchange coefficients between the inside and the outside of the tubes.
An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, in accordance with clause 1, characterized in that it allows an exchange of heat between a liquid with a high fouling capacity and a fluid at a pressure greater than 35 kg / cm2, substantially more high that the first liquid without fouling problems and with heat transfer coefficients of 1 to 8 kW / (m2.K).
An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, according to clauses 1 to 2, characterized in that the intermediate chamber has a system of screens, which impart a helical flow path of the second fluid on the outside of the tubes
4. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, according to clauses 1 to 3, characterized in that the gravity tubes are provided for the return of a granular mass from the upper chamber to the lower chamber and project to a level in the lower chamber, being lower than that of the substantially vertical tubes
5. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, according to clauses 1 to 4, characterized in that the gravity tubes may or may not pass inside the intermediate chamber.
6. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, according to clauses 1 to 5, characterized in that the distribution plates allow the passage of the first fluid, at a level between the intake mouth of the substantially vertical tubes and the exit of the tube (or tubes) of gravity.
7. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, according to clauses 1 to 6, characterized in that the distribution plates have openings for the passage of the first fluid and the granular mass.
8. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, in accordance with clauses 1 to 7, characterized in that the combination of the use of fluidized bed inside the substantially vertical tubes and the helical flow in the intermediate chamber allow obtaining high Heat transfer coefficients in both parts of the heat exchanger.
9. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, according to clauses 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a series of surfaces increased on the outside of the tubes with superimposed circumferential fins that may or may not be continuous spiral.
10. An improved heat exchanger equipment between a liquid and a fluid, according to clauses 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a series of different surfaces increased on the outside of the tubes that increases the ratio of area outside the inner area.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MXPA06003045 MXPA06003045A (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2006-03-17 | Improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and fluids. |
| PCT/MX2007/000039 WO2007108671A1 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-03-15 | Improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and fluids |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MXPA06003045 MXPA06003045A (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2006-03-17 | Improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and fluids. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA06003045A true MXPA06003045A (en) | 2007-09-17 |
Family
ID=38522664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MXPA06003045 MXPA06003045A (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2006-03-17 | Improved equipment for the exchange of heat between liquids and fluids. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| MX (1) | MXPA06003045A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007108671A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2744263C3 (en) * | 1977-10-01 | 1982-01-07 | Funke Wärmeaustauscher Apparatebau KG, 3212 Gronau | Tubular heat exchanger |
| NL8102307A (en) * | 1981-05-12 | 1982-12-01 | Esmil Bv | Apparatus and method for thickening by evaporation of a liquid. |
| NL192055C (en) * | 1983-07-22 | 1997-01-07 | Eskla Bv | Device for operating physical and / or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger with circulation of granular mass. |
| NL192750C (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1998-01-06 | Eskla Bv | Device for operating physical and / or chemical processes, in particular a heat exchanger. |
| US5832991A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-11-10 | Cesaroni; Joseph Anthony | Tube and shell heat exchanger with baffle |
| US6827138B1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2004-12-07 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Heat exchanger |
-
2006
- 2006-03-17 MX MXPA06003045 patent/MXPA06003045A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2007
- 2007-03-15 WO PCT/MX2007/000039 patent/WO2007108671A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007108671A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG | Grant or registration |