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EP0229351B1 - Flat ceramic element - Google Patents

Flat ceramic element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229351B1
EP0229351B1 EP86117576A EP86117576A EP0229351B1 EP 0229351 B1 EP0229351 B1 EP 0229351B1 EP 86117576 A EP86117576 A EP 86117576A EP 86117576 A EP86117576 A EP 86117576A EP 0229351 B1 EP0229351 B1 EP 0229351B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flat
ceramic
ceramic body
thermal expansion
glazing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86117576A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0229351A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Dipl. - Ing. Bard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buchtal GmbH
Original Assignee
Buchtal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buchtal GmbH filed Critical Buchtal GmbH
Priority to AT86117576T priority Critical patent/ATE44344T1/en
Publication of EP0229351A1 publication Critical patent/EP0229351A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0229351B1 publication Critical patent/EP0229351B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • a flat ceramic body is known from EP-A-0 157 179, which is provided with an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side.
  • Such flat ceramic bodies are used, for example, as cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools. They can also be used as shaped stones for swimming pool cladding or the like. Due to their heatability, it is possible to optimally design the radiation surface available on a wall, ceiling or floor surface to be clad, to make do with as few electrical connection and connection elements as possible and to ensure uniform heat radiation.
  • connection of the electrically conductive resistance coating to the power source is carried out via attached to the edge of the flat body band-like contacting elements which, for. B. in the form of a strip-shaped Cu application or a baked Ag paste.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this, and proposes that the electrically conductive resistance coating consist of an element embedded in a conventional ceramic glaze, with flat, perforations and connectable to a current source, made of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance, the melting point of which is above is the melting point of the ceramic glaze and its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.
  • the ceramic glaze is chosen such that its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.
  • the material selected for the flat element has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C. of greater than 2.
  • the flat element with openings can be in the form of a meander, a film with holes, or a network with a corresponding mesh size.
  • the drawing shows in a single figure a section of a flat ceramic body, in which a glaze with an embedded flat element is provided on the side facing away from the visible side.
  • 3a, 3b represent three possibilities of flat elements to be embedded in the glaze, via which the electrical resistance heating takes place.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)

Abstract

1. Flat ceramic body having an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side which faces away from its visible side, characterized in that the electrically conductive resistance coating consists of a flat element of a metallic material having a high resistivity, which is embedded in a ceramic glazing, has break-through openings, and can be connected to a current source, and whose melting point is above the melting point of the ceramic glazing and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximatively the same as that of the ceramic glazing.

Description

Aus der EP-A-0 157 179 ist ein flächiger keramischer Körper bekannt geworden, der auf der seiner Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite mit einer elektrisch leitenden Widerstandsbeschichtung versehen ist. Solche flächigen keramischen Körper finden beispielsweise als Verkleidungsplatten für die Gestaltung der Wände oder des Fußbodens bzw. der Decke von Wohn-, Geschäfts- und Büroräumen, aber auch von Sanitärräumen, Sport-und Schwimmhallen Verwendung. Sie können auch als Formsteine für Schwimmbeckenverkleidungen od. dgl. eingesetzt werden. Durch ihre Beheizbarkeit ist es möglich, die auf einer damit zu verkleidenden Wand-, Decken- oder Bodenfläche zur Verfügung stehende Strahlungsfläche optimal zu gestalten, mit möglichst wenigen elektrischen Anschlußund Verbindungselementen auszukommen und eine gleichmäßige Wärmeabstrahlung zu gewährleisten.A flat ceramic body is known from EP-A-0 157 179, which is provided with an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side. Such flat ceramic bodies are used, for example, as cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools. They can also be used as shaped stones for swimming pool cladding or the like. Due to their heatability, it is possible to optimally design the radiation surface available on a wall, ceiling or floor surface to be clad, to make do with as few electrical connection and connection elements as possible and to ensure uniform heat radiation.

Der Anschluß der elektrisch leitenden Widerstandsbeschichtung an die Stromquelle erfolgt über am Rande des flächigen Körpers angebrachte bänderartige Kontaktierungselemente, die z. B. in Form eines streifenförmigen Cu-Auftrages oder einer eingebrannten Ag-Paste vorliegen.The connection of the electrically conductive resistance coating to the power source is carried out via attached to the edge of the flat body band-like contacting elements which, for. B. in the form of a strip-shaped Cu application or a baked Ag paste.

Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß bei Verwendung von Cu-Kontaktierungselementen eine Verbindung derselben mit der Glasur mitunter überhaupt nicht, jedenfalls aber nur sehr schwierig herstellbar ist und verhaltnismäßig bald wenigstens teilweise wieder verloren geht. Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß diese Schwierigkeiten auf den erheblich unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des für die Kontaktierungselemente verwendeten Kupfers und der den flächigen Körper abdeckenden Widerstandsglasur zurückzuführen sind.However, it has been shown that when using Cu contacting elements it is sometimes not at all possible to connect them to the glaze, but in any case it is very difficult to produce and is at least partially lost relatively soon. Studies have shown that these difficulties are due to the considerably different coefficients of thermal expansion of the copper used for the contacting elements and the resistance glaze covering the flat body.

Auch bei eingebrannten Streifen aus einer Silberpaste ist die Haftung zwischen dem Silber und der Glasur häufig unzureichend. Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen und schlägt vor, daß die elektrisch leitende Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einem in eine übliche keramische Glasur eingebetteten, flächigen, Durchbrüche aufweisenden und an eine Stromquelle anschließbaren Element aus einem metallischen, einen hohen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisenden Werkstoff besteht, dessen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der keramischen Glasur liegt und dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient annähernd gleich dem der keramischen Glasur ist.Even with burned-in strips of silver paste, the adhesion between the silver and the glaze is often insufficient. Here, the invention seeks to remedy this, and proposes that the electrically conductive resistance coating consist of an element embedded in a conventional ceramic glaze, with flat, perforations and connectable to a current source, made of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance, the melting point of which is above is the melting point of the ceramic glaze and its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn man die keramische Glasur so wählt, daß ihr Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient in etwa gleich dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des flächigen keramischen Körpers ist.It is particularly advantageous if the ceramic glaze is chosen such that its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.

In Weiterbildung weist der für das flächige Element gewählte Werkstoff einen Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20 und 600 °C von größer als 2 auf.In a further development, the material selected for the flat element has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C. of greater than 2.

Das Durchbrüche aufweisende flächige Element kann in Form eines Mäanders, einer Folie mit Löchern, oder eines Netzwerkes mit entsprechender Maschenweite vorliegen.The flat element with openings can be in the form of a meander, a film with holes, or a network with a corresponding mesh size.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in einer einzigen Figur einen Ausschnitt aus einem flächigen keramischen Körper, bei dem auf der der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite eine Glasur mit eingebettetem flächigen Element vorgesehen ist.The drawing shows in a single figure a section of a flat ceramic body, in which a glaze with an embedded flat element is provided on the side facing away from the visible side.

Mit 1 ist allgemein eine keramische Platte bezeichnet, deren Abmessungen z. B. 85 x 125 cm bei einer Dicke von 8 mm betragen. Auf der sichtbaren Rückseite befindet sich eine Glasur 2. Mit 3, 3a, 3b sind drei Möglichkeiten von in die Glasur einzubettenden flächigen Elementen dargestellt, über die die elektrische Widerstandsbeheizung erfolgt.1 with a ceramic plate is generally designated, the dimensions of z. B. 85 x 125 cm with a thickness of 8 mm. There is a glaze 2 on the visible rear side. 3, 3a, 3b represent three possibilities of flat elements to be embedded in the glaze, via which the electrical resistance heating takes place.

Für die Durchbrüche aufweisenden flächigen Elemente bestimmte Werkstoffe mit den geforderten Eigenschaften und auch einem Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20 und 600 °C von größer als 2 sind im Handel, z. B. unter der Warenbezeichnung VACON und werden als Einschmelzlegierungen für elektronische Röhren angeboten.For the breakthrough flat elements certain materials with the required properties and also a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C of greater than 2 are commercially available, for. B. under the trade name VACON and are offered as smelting alloys for electronic tubes.

Erkennbar macht die Kontaktierung der Durchbrüche aufweisenden flächigen Elementes keinerlei Schwierigkeiten und kann an jeder beliebigen oder gewünschten Stelle vorgenommen werden, wie es bei 4, 4a und 4b angedeutet ist.The contacting of the sheet-like element with openings makes no discernible difficulties and can be carried out at any or desired location, as indicated at 4, 4a and 4b.

Als Stand der Technik sind berücksichtigt:

  • EP-A1-0 157 179
  • DE-A1-34 33 669
  • DE-A1-25 34 813
  • DE-A-22 44 157
  • EP-A1-01 12 922
  • DE-A1-33 25 204
  • DE-A1-23 29 424
  • DE-U-18 83 914
The following are considered as state of the art:
  • EP-A1-0 157 179
  • DE-A1-34 33 669
  • DE-A1-25 34 813
  • DE-A-22 44 157
  • EP-A1-01 12 922
  • DE-A1-33 25 204
  • DE-A1-23 29 424
  • DE-U-18 83 914

Claims (4)

1. Flat ceramic body having an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side which faces away from its visible side, characterised in that the electrically conductive resistance coating consists of a flat element of a metallic material having a high resistivity, which is embedded in a ceramic glazing, has break-through openings, and can be connected to a current source, and whose melting point is above the melting point of the ceramic glazing and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately the same as that of the ceramic glazing.
2. Flat ceramic body according to claim 1, characterised in that the ceramic glazing has a coefficient of thermal expansion which is approximately the same as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.
3. Flat ceramic body according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the flat element has a temperature factor of the electric resistance between 20 and 600 °C of more than 2.
4. Flat ceramic body according to one or more of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the flat element having breakthrough openings has the form of a meander, of a foil with holes, or of a network having appropriate mesh size.
EP86117576A 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 Flat ceramic element Expired EP0229351B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86117576T ATE44344T1 (en) 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 FLAT CERAMIC BODY II.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853545117 DE3545117A1 (en) 1985-12-19 1985-12-19 Flat ceramic body II
DE3545117 1985-12-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229351A1 EP0229351A1 (en) 1987-07-22
EP0229351B1 true EP0229351B1 (en) 1989-06-28

Family

ID=6288958

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117576A Expired EP0229351B1 (en) 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 Flat ceramic element

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0229351B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE44344T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3545117A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2009778B3 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3710626A1 (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-25 Buchtal Gmbh ROOM HEATING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A CERAMIC MOLDED BODY WITH AN ELECTRIC RESISTANT COATING, IN PARTICULAR IN THE FORM OF A CERAMIC PLATE

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2859321A (en) * 1955-07-11 1958-11-04 Garaway Alexander Electric resistance heater
US2939807A (en) * 1956-06-29 1960-06-07 Thermway Ind Inc Method of making a heating panel
DE1883914U (en) * 1963-03-07 1963-12-05 Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh FLAT-SHAPED RADIATOR.
FR1488875A (en) * 1965-08-12 1967-07-13 Ritter Pfaudler Corp Electrical device and method for its manufacture
DE2244157A1 (en) * 1972-09-08 1974-03-14 Ebenseer Betonwerke Gmbh SURFACE HEATING FOR COMPONENTS
US3798419A (en) * 1973-03-12 1974-03-19 Gould Inc Electrical surface heating assembly
DE2329424A1 (en) * 1973-06-08 1975-01-02 Siemens Ag Flat printed circuit heating element - comprises refractory plate sandwich
DE2534813A1 (en) * 1975-08-05 1977-02-10 Braun Ag Heating element for household appliances - has heating conductors on glass ceramic support electroplated to desired thickness
DE3378099D1 (en) * 1982-06-24 1988-10-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Panel heater
US4468557A (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-08-28 Bylin Heating Systems, Inc. Conformable electric heating apparatus
DE3325204A1 (en) * 1983-07-13 1985-01-24 Reimbold & Strick GmbH & Co, 5000 Köln Heating element made of electrically conducting materials and deposited on a substrate made of electrically insulating materials, its manufacture and its use
DE3433669A1 (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-08-29 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld AREA OF CERAMIC MOLDED BODY

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3664182D1 (en) 1989-08-03
ATE44344T1 (en) 1989-07-15
EP0229351A1 (en) 1987-07-22
DE3545117A1 (en) 1987-06-25
ES2009778B3 (en) 1989-10-16

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