EP0187294A2 - Paving stone - Google Patents

Abstract

A paving stone for the surface covering of areas, paths or the like in a composite structure has a middle body part possessing a plane top side, an underside parallel to the top side and four lateral end faces. On two mutually adjacent end faces of the body part there are respective upper extensions, of which the first upper extension extends over the entire respective end face and the other, second upper extension extends over the entire respective end face and the width of the upper extension. The top side of the upper extension is in each case in line with the top side of the body part, their end faces are essentially vertical, and an elevation parallel to the respective end face and to the top side is present on their respective underside. On the other two end faces of the body part there are respective lower extensions which extend at least over the respective end face of the body part and of which the underside is in line with the underside of the body part and the end face is essentially vertical and on the top side of which a groove parallel to the respective end face and to the opposite elevation is provided for the positive reception of an elevation of an adjacent paving stone. The elevation of each upper extension terminates at a distance from the end face of the other upper extension transverse relative to it which is at least equal to the width of the other upper extension. The inner flank of an elevation facing the body part is at the same distance from the side face of the body part adjacent to it as the outer flank of a groove from the side face, adjacent to it, of the respective upper extension having the groove. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a paving stone for covering areas, paths or the like. in combination, with a middle part of the fuselage, which has a flat surface, an underside parallel to the upper side and four lateral end faces, with an upper attachment being provided on two adjacent end faces of the fuselage portion, one of which is the (first) upper attachment the entire relevant end face extends and the other (second) upper attachment over the entire relevant end face and the width of the first upper attachment, the upper side of the upper approaches being aligned with the upper side of the fuselage part, their end faces being essentially vertical and in each case on their underside there is an elevation running parallel to the relevant front side and to the top,

and in each case on the other two end faces of the fuselage part there is a lower extension which extends at least over the relevant end face of the fuselage part, the underside of which is flush with the underside of the fuselage part, the end face of which is essentially perpendicular, and on the top side a parallel one of the end face in question and the groove running to the opposite elevation for the positive reception of an elevation of an adjacent paving stone.

Paving stones for covering areas, paths, bank fortifications and the like. are nowadays generally manufactured in concrete plants or slag processing plants, tolerances of the order of 0.1 mm being possible, so that they can be manufactured with the least possible use of materials. Since the installed surfaces are often used by heavy vehicles, the paving stones must have an appropriate strength.

After their manufacture, known paving stones are grouped into so-called stone disks by means of so-called strapping machines with steel or plastic bands, which are in turn stacked on pallets for storage and transport. A grouping of several paving stones into a stone slab is necessary for reasons of economy and serves not only for economic storage and transport, but also for economical laying. The stone disks formed from known paving stones and strapped by a strapping machine are gripped by special gripping arms and laid in groups.

However, such strapping machines are very expensive, require a corresponding amount of personnel and are subject to considerable wear. The latter is obvious if you consider that such a strapping machine can process around 1500 stone slices per day.

Since the stone disks formed from known paving stones are not self-supporting, it takes place for the _V ER, so gripping a stone disc and their precise position discontinuation consuming devices. After laying, the strapping must then be released before the stone disc can be positioned exactly.

The laying pattern can be different. This way, adjacent paving stones can be aligned with each other. In general, however, it is preferred if the paving stones of adjacent rows of paving stones are offset relative to one another.

From DE-OS 26 38 905 a paving stone is known (sd. 8), in which an approach is provided on two opposite lateral end faces of the middle fuselage part formed with a constant thickness, one approach being an upper approach, the one The top is aligned with the top of the fuselage, and the other approach is a lower approach, the bottom of which is aligned with the underside of the fuselage. The end faces of the approaches are vertical. On the underside of the upper attachment there is an elevation running parallel to the relevant end face and to the upper side, while on the upper side of the lower attachment there is a groove running parallel to the relevant end face and to the opposite elevation for the positive reception of an elevation of an adjacent paving stone in the composite is available.

On one of the two other end faces of the paving stone there is (at least) a groove-shaped recess, while on the opposite end there is a corresponding elevation which engages in a corresponding groove-shaped recess of an adjacent paving stone in the laid state.

With this known paving stone, a horizontal and vertical bond can be created in the installed state, but a stone disc formed from these known paving stones still requires strapping, since such a stone disc is not self-supporting. Because if one were to lift such a stone slice, for example on a hook provided in the middle or with other simple gripping means, it would lead to loosening of adjacent paving stones or rows of paving stones.

A generic paving stone is known from DE-OS 18 10 012. Even with this known paving stone, however, it is not possible to form self-supporting stone disks in which strapping can be dispensed with. Because in these known paving stones, a gap is provided in the network between two adjacent paving stones, so that mutual tilting of adjacent paving stones is possible in the case of a stone disc formed from a plurality of paving stones.

In addition, paving stones according to DE-OS 18 10 012 in the laid state (composite) cannot be moved arbitrarily - relative to one another, since the elevations present on the underside of the upper approaches continue extend downwards as the outer edge regions of the lower lugs, so that when a relatively moving adjacent paving stone occurs, the elevation of an upper lug will immediately strike the lower lug of an adjacent paving stone below it.

The present invention has for its object to improve the paving stone of the type described above, while avoiding its disadvantages, in particular in that it enables the formation of a self-supporting stone slab consisting of several paving stones, so that a strapping machine and the associated other effort can be dispensed with. The paving stones of a stone slab should be able to be displaced relative to one another uninhibitedly, for example in order to be able to offset adjacent rows of paving stones.

The solution to this problem is characterized in that the elevation of each upper approach ends with a distance from the transverse end face of the other upper approach that is at least equal to the width of the other upper approach; and that in each case the inner flank of the elevation facing the fuselage part is at the same distance from the side surface of the fuselage part adjacent to it as the outer flank of a groove from the adjacent side surface of the upper attachment in question which has the groove.

Since the inner flanks of the elevations facing the body part are each at the same distance from the adjacent side surface of the body part as the outer flanks of the grooves to the adjacent side surfaces, there is a mutual contact of the side surfaces and thus a closed, self-supporting stone slab. Nevertheless, adjacent rows of paving stones can possibly be moved against each other unhindered, since the elevations of the upper lugs each end at a distance from the end face of the other upper lug that runs transversely to them, which distance is at least equal to the width of the other upper lug. In addition, there is also excellent paving when laid, which cannot lead to mutual displacement of individual paving stones.

In order to be able to connect several paving stones in a particularly simple and expedient manner to form a stone slab, by exerting force only on the outer paving stones in two directions perpendicular to one another, which run parallel to a laying plane, the outer flanks of the elevations are preferably each at least on their free one upper edge section inclined to the fuselage part, the height of the inclined edge section extending further downward than the outer lower edge of the upper lugs, so that this results in a type of ramp over which two adjacent paving slabs are pushed into one another in order to achieve a positive engagement .

The same can be seen to be achieved if the end face of a groove having an upper attachment is inclined at its lower edge section toward the fuselage part, the height of the inclined edge section extending further upwards than the outer upper edge of an elevation, wherein visibly indifferent whether the top or the bottom is below or above, since such a paving stone can be used in either of these two positions.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the subclaims.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einiger auf einer Ebene neben- und hintereinander angeordneter Pflastersteine vor Schaffung eines Verbundes; und
• Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer aus mehreren Pflastersteinen gebildeten, selbsttragenden Steinplatte.

The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing. It shows:

• Figure 1 is a perspective view of some paving stones arranged side by side and one behind the other on a level before creating a composite. and
• Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a self-supporting stone slab formed from several paving stones.

Fi. 1 shows several paving stones 1 as they can be arranged on a horizontal plane after their production, in order to be able to create a self-supporting stone disc by applying horizontally acting forces to the outer end faces of the outside paving stones 1, as shown in FIG. 2, 2 adjacent rows of paving stones have a mutual offset, which is generally not yet the case when creating a stone disc to be transported, since a stone disc 2 can be handled better without such an offset.

both measures can also be provided together.

The inclination of the inclined edge sections can be constant, but it can also increase continuously or be curved.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the outer flank of a groove runs obliquely outwards from its bottom so that adjacent paving stones can easily slide into one another when forming a stone slice, nevertheless the intended firm bond is created, which ultimately leads to a self-supporting stone slice.

Although the middle fuselage part can be hollowed out on the underside, it is preferably provided that it has a constant thickness in order to create a corresponding strength of the covering.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of all approaches is the same. Furthermore, it can be provided that a lower approach extends over the entire relevant end face of the fuselage part, while the other approach does not extend over the entire relevant end face, but also across the width of the other approach, as is the case with the upper approaches is. Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous if the upper half and the lower half of the paving stone formed integrally therewith are designed in the same way as this is most preferably provided, with each half twisted by 180 ° around the horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry is arranged. Because with such a configuration it is Each paving stone 1 consists of a central fuselage part 30 which has a flat upper side, a flat lower side parallel to the upper side and four lateral end faces 22, 23, 24, 25. On two mutually adjacent end faces 22, 23 there is in each case an upper shoulder 3 or 3 ', reference being made to the fact that the terms "top" and "bottom" in FIG. 1 are interchanged for the sake of illustration. However, this is irrelevant because the paving stones 1 can also be used in a 180 ⁰ flipped position.

Since an upper extension 3 extends over the entire relevant end face 24 of the fuselage part 30, while the other upper extension 3 ′ extends both over the entire end face 25 of the fuselage part 30 and over the width B of the other upper extension 3. In fact, this could also be expressed in reverse, since the upper lugs 3 and 3 'merge into one another and are formed integrally with the fuselage part 30.

It can be seen that the upper sides of the upper lugs 3, 3 'are flush with the upper side (in FIG. 1) of the fuselage part 30, that their end faces 20 and 21 run vertically, and that in each case on their. (In Fig. 1 above) underside there is an elevation 4 or 6 running parallel to the relevant end face 24 or 25.

On the two other end faces 22, 23 of the fuselage part 30 there is in each case a lower attachment 11 or 11 '(located at the top in FIG. 1), here again the one lower attachment 11 extending over the entire end face 22 of the fuselage portion 30, while the other lower approach 11 'both over the relevant end face 23 of the fuselage part 30 as also extends over the width B of the other lower approach 11. Here, too, the two lower lugs 11 and 11 'could again be exchanged conceptually, since they merge into one another and are integrally formed with one another and with the fuselage part 30. The underside of the lower lugs 11, 11 ', which is at the top in FIG. 1, is aligned with the underside of the fuselage part 30, which is also at the top in FIG. 1. The end faces 26 and 27 of the upper lugs 11, 11' are perpendicular. On the bottom of the lower lugs 11, 11 'in FIG. 1 there is in each case a groove 12 or 13 running parallel to the relevant end face 22 or 23 and to the opposite elevation 4 or 6, which in the connected state has an elevation 4 or 6 of an adjacent paving stone 1 in a form-fitting manner, as can be seen from FIG.

The elevations 4 and 6 of each upper attachment 11 and 11 'each end at a distance a from the transverse end face 20 and 21 of the other upper attachment 6 and 4, wherein the distance a is slightly larger than the width B of the other upper approach 6 or 4.

The inner flank 9 of an elevation 4 or 6 facing the fuselage part 30 is at the same distance from the side surface 24 or 25 of the fuselage part 30 as the outer flank 10 of a groove 12 or 13 from the side surface 26 or 13 adjacent to it. 27 of the relevant upper approach 11 or 11 '.

The outer flanks 7 of the elevations 4, 6 are each inclined at their free upper edge section towards the trunk part 30, the height of the inclined edge sections extending so far that they form a ramp for the outer lower edge of the form upper lugs 11 and 11 'of an adjacent paving stone 1, by means of which the latter can slide until it engages when the stone disk composite is formed.

The outer flanks 10 of the grooves 12, 13 run obliquely outwards from their base, so that a particularly simple engagement is possible.

As can already be seen from the above explanations and can also be seen from FIG. 1, the upper half and the lower half of the paving stone 1 formed integrally therewith are of the same design, each half to the other half in each case by 180 ° about the horizontal and vertical Axis of symmetry are arranged twisted. Thus, the space between an elevation 4 or 6 and the associated end face of the fuselage part 30 also forms a groove, or the section between a groove 12 or 13 and the relevant end face 26 or 27 of the lower attachment in question forms an elevation 4 or 6, which, as already stated, leads to the fact that the paving stones can be used both with the underside at the top and with the underside at the top.

To form a stone slab 2, a plurality of paving stones 1 are arranged on a flat surface, pressure forces being exerted on the outer end faces of the outside paving stones 1 in two directions perpendicular to one another and parallel to the base. The elevations 4 and 6 snap into a groove 12 and 13 of an adjacent paving stone 1, so that there is a firm bond and thus a stone slab, as shown in Fig. 2, However, adjacent rows of paving stones are advantageously not yet offset from one another for storage and transport, as is shown in FIG. 2.

Such a stone slab 2r can be lifted and transported using the simplest gripping means due to its self-supporting properties. E.g. For this purpose, a hook can be screwed into the middle of the stone slab 2 thus created and the stone slab 2 can be lifted on this hook. Other simplest gripping means are of course also possible.

At the place of use, a stone slab 2 can then be placed directly at the installation site and brought into appropriate positive engagement with paving stones that have already been installed, by pushing them towards the installation site in a corresponding manner, so that it again snaps into place. If desired, a suitable offset can be used to offset adjacent rows of paving stones according to FIG. 2 or the like. be created because the paving stones 1 are uninhibited to move relative to each other.

It can be seen that paving stones according to the invention can be used to create stone slabs which not only have excellent properties when installed, but which are already self-supporting during transport and storage, so that they can be handled with the simplest of means. Accordingly, there is no need for the complex strapping machines, the cost of which is DM 100,000, as well as the personnel required to operate the strapping machines the strapping material, etc., so that overall, with the paving stone according to the invention, considerable savings are achieved compared to known paving stones.

Claims (12)

1. Paving stone for covering areas, paths or the like. in combination, with a middle fuselage part, which has a flat top side, a bottom side parallel to the top side and four lateral end faces, with an upper attachment being provided on two adjacent end faces of the fuselage portion, one of which is the (first) upper attachment the entire relevant end face extends and the other (second) upper approach over the entire relevant end face as well as the width of the first upper approach, the upper side of the upper approaches being aligned with the upper side of the fuselage part, their end faces being substantially perpendicular and In each case on their underside there is an elevation running parallel to the relevant end face and to the top side, and a lower extension is provided on the two other end faces of the fuselage part, which extends at least over the relevant end face of the fuselage part, the underside of which faces the underside of Part of the fuselage is aligned, the end face of which is essentially vertical, and on the upper side of which there is a groove running parallel to the relevant end face and to the opposite elevation for the positive reception of an elevation of an adjacent paving stone, characterized in that the elevation (4, 6) of each upper one Approach (11, 11 ') ends at a distance (a) from the transverse end face (20 or 21) of the other upper approach (6, 4), which is at least equal to the width (B) of the other upper approach (6, 4); and that the inner flank (9) of an elevation (4, 6) facing the fuselage part (30) is at the same distance from the side surface (24 or 25) of the fuselage part (30) adjacent to it as the outer flank (10) of a groove ( 12, 13) to the adjacent side surface (26 or 27) of the respective upper attachment (11 or 11 ') which has the groove. 2. Paving stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer flanks (7) of the elevations (4, 6) are each inclined at least at their free upper edge portion towards the fuselage part (30), the height of the inclined edge portion extending further downwards than the outer lower edge of the upper lugs (11, 11 '). 3. paving stone according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end face (26, 27) of a groove (12, 13) having upper shoulder (11, 11 ') is inclined at its lower edge portion towards the fuselage part (30), wherein the height of the inclined edge section extends further upwards than the outer upper edge of an elevation (4, 6). 4. paving stone according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the inclination of an inclined edge portion increases continuously. 5. Paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end faces (22 to 25) of the fuselage part (30) run at right angles to one another in a manner known per se. 6. Paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer flank (10) of a groove (12, 13) extends obliquely outwards from its bottom. 7. paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central fuselage part (30) has a constant thickness (h). 8. paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width (B) of all approaches (3, 3 ', 11, 11') is the same size. 9. paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one lower extension (for example 3) extends over the entire relevant end face (24) of the fuselage part (30) and the other lower extension (3 ') over the entire end face (23) and the width (B) of the other lower attachment (3). 10. paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper half and the integrally formed with this lower half of the paving stone (1) are of identical design, each half to the other half by 180 ° around the horizontal and the vertical axis of symmetry is arranged twisted. 11. Paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underside of the upper lugs (11, 11 ') and the top of the lower lugs (3, 3') run parallel to the top of the paving stone (1). 12. Paving stone according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized gekennzeicnnet that the inner flank (9) of an elevation (4, 6) each parallel to the adjacent end face (24, 25) of the fuselage part (30).

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