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EP0174002B1 - Appareil pour le réglage de la pression d'un système de ventilation mettant en action des courants d'air variables - Google Patents

Appareil pour le réglage de la pression d'un système de ventilation mettant en action des courants d'air variables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0174002B1
EP0174002B1 EP85111091A EP85111091A EP0174002B1 EP 0174002 B1 EP0174002 B1 EP 0174002B1 EP 85111091 A EP85111091 A EP 85111091A EP 85111091 A EP85111091 A EP 85111091A EP 0174002 B1 EP0174002 B1 EP 0174002B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
throttle flap
throttle
throttle valve
fan
means according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85111091A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0174002A2 (fr
EP0174002A3 (en
Inventor
Rune J.A. Svensson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology FLB AB
Original Assignee
Flaekt AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flaekt AB filed Critical Flaekt AB
Publication of EP0174002A2 publication Critical patent/EP0174002A2/fr
Publication of EP0174002A3 publication Critical patent/EP0174002A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0174002B1 publication Critical patent/EP0174002B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for regulating the pressure of ventilation systems with variable flows, as is apparent from the introduction to claim 1.
  • a ventilation system includes a duct system with openings in the various rooms, which is connected to an air transport means, usually a blower, even if other means, e.g. natural train.
  • the openings to the rooms are equipped with adjustable valves for blowing in fresh air or sucking out used air, depending on whether the system works with blowing in or suction.
  • Pressure transmitters are proposed in the ventilation channels, which measure whether the pressure deviates from a certain, desired, set pressure.
  • the pressure transmitter sends a signal to a control center, which controls an actuator of a throttle valve in the system.
  • the excess pressure can be removed by means of this throttle valve.
  • Such a simple system requires advanced regulatory components and a power source for the servomotor. It is also exposed to malfunctions and possible interruptions in the power supply (electrical current, compressed air, etc.).
  • DE-A 3 128 726 describes a throttle device for constant pressure reduction regardless of the air flow.
  • the device has a flap mounted on a horizontal axis in the middle of a ventilation duct. This does not cover the entire channel and the flap part above the axis is smaller than the other and always leaves an opening free.
  • This throttle device also has an arm with a displaceable weight which tends to close the flap. Experiments have shown that the pressure difference on both sides of the valve increases only insignificantly when the flow fluctuates between 25 and 100% of the full flow. However, this device does not solve the present problems if a greater throttling is desired, i.e. a larger pressure difference with lower flows.
  • the pressure P is through a vertical axis and the flow Q through a horizontal axis specified.
  • the relationship between pressure and flow in a blower is characterized by a blower curve labeled 10.
  • the blower curve changes when the blower itself changes, such as a changed speed, throttling by means of a throttle valve or dirt accumulation.
  • the relationship between pressure and flow in the duct systems connected to a blower with existing air treatment apparatuses and valves is a system curve denoted by 12.
  • the system curve is always a parabola with a vertex height at the start of the coordinate.
  • the system curve changes when the flow conditions of the system change by opening or closing valves and throttle valves.
  • the intersection A between the fan curve 10 and the system curve 12 denotes the operating point of the entire ventilation system, that is to say the air flow and the pressure which are present in the ventilation system.
  • Fig. 2 shows how the system curve is influenced by a number of open valves in a ventilation system.
  • 12 a shows a system curve in which there is no pressure drop across valves, i.e. the channels open freely
  • 12 b indicate a system curve for a large number of open valves
  • 12 c a system curve for a small number of open valves.
  • the respective working points were designated Aa, Ab and Ac.
  • the distance 14 between the abscissa and the curve 12 a corresponds to the pressure drop in the channels even with different air flows.
  • the distance 16 between curve 12 a and the working point From curve 12 b corresponds to the pressure drop across the valves when many valves are open.
  • the distance 18 between the curve 12 a and the working point Ac of the curve 12 c corresponds to the pressure drop across the valves when a few valves are open.
  • the pressure drop 18 with a few open valves is significantly larger, which means that larger amounts of air pass through each of the open valves. This leads to the often undesirable consequence that if the ventilation of one room is reduced, it increases in the other rooms. This is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 a-c, which show a practical example of conditions in a ventilation system of an apartment.
  • FIG. 3 shows the conditions of a ventilation system with an exhaust fan for an apartment.
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 a shows a blower and system curve for the entire ventilation system
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 b shows the part of the system which serves the kitchen
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 c shows the part which serves the living spaces .
  • the system curves for the kitchen and living rooms are 12 'or 12 ". If the valve of the kitchen is throttled, the working point is moved to point C.
  • the distance 16 'between the curve 12 a and the point B is the same as the distance 16 between the curve 12 a and the point Ab.
  • the pressure drop across the open valves becomes the same and thus also the ventilation air flow.
  • the fan curve should obviously have a course according to the dashed line 20 in FIG. 2.
  • curve 26 should be the most suitable, even if the pressure drop in channels at different rivers is taken into account.
  • FIG. 4 shows a blower 30 with a blower wheel 31 and a spiral-shaped housing 32 and a throttle valve 33 according to the invention, which was attached to the outlet opening 36 of the blower housing.
  • the throttle valve is movably mounted by means of an axis 34, which is arranged laterally of the outlet opening 36 itself.
  • a changeable and / or movable mass 35 is arranged on the throttle valve.
  • the appearance of the blower curve can be changed by changing the distance between the axis 34 and the edge of the blower outlet 36 and by changing the size or moving the mass 35.
  • the blower can be connected to a ventilation duct 40, which is shown with dashed lines in the figure.
  • an extension 41 of the channel was provided in order to achieve better flow conditions and space for to create the throttle valve 33 with the mass 35.
  • the total mass of the throttle valve 33 including the mass 35 is m and the force of gravity acts in the common center of gravity 37.
  • the angle between the horizontal plane 42 and the connecting line between the center of gravity 37 and the axis of rotation 34 is a.
  • the center of gravity 37 lies on the distance r from the axis of rotation 34.
  • the moment has a maximum value when the angle a is 0, i.e. if the center of gravity of the system is on the same plane as the swivel axis, and decreases with increasing values of a, i.e. with increasing opening angle.
  • the throttle valve causes a large pressure drop at a small angle, i.e. with little air flow to balance the closing moment of gravity. With a large opening angle, the pressure drop across the throttle valve is reduced. In this way, the desired "net fan curve" for the fan including throttle valve 33 is obtained.
  • the net fan curve can be changed by changing the parameters m, r and 38.
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment, wherein the blowing direction of the fan is horizontal and the throttle valve 33 extends vertically in the closed position.
  • the mass 35 is arranged on a freely movable lever 39 which is rigidly connected to the throttle valve 33.
  • the blower blows out the air freely and is thus provided as an exhaust air blower.
  • Fig. 6 shows a throttle device according to the invention similar to that in Fig. 5 with the throttle valve axis 34 above.
  • the weight of the throttle valve 33 is balanced by a counterweight 43 which is attached to an extension 44 of the throttle valve or to an arm.
  • the only closing force acting on the throttle valve is thus the weight of the mass 35 and of the arm 39.
  • the extension 44 of the throttle valve lies to the side of the air flow from the fan and does not influence it.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b show a side view and a top view of a blower 30 with a throttle valve 33.
  • the fan is arranged in a housing or a frame 44 and the throttle valve is surrounded by an expansion of the ventilation duct 41.
  • the extension 41 is not connected to any ventilation duct and has the character of a shielding of the throttle valve. It has been shown that the presence of such a shield influences the flow conditions in the area of the throttle valve and thus the fan curve.
  • FIG 8a shows a side view and a top view of a blower 30 with a throttle valve 33 similar to that in FIGS. 4 and 7. Therefore, the channel 40 has only one extension 41 on the articulation side of the throttle valve.
  • FIG. 9a and 9b show a device with a loosely arranged throttle valve 46 without an axle, journal or hinges.
  • the throttle valve 46 rests with its one edge against a stop 47, e.g. a removable flat iron.
  • the axis of rotation 48 of the throttle valve becomes the contact line at the stop 47.
  • a fixed axis connection is in fact not necessary as long as the throttle valve remains in the desired position. This is always the case as long as the center of gravity 37 is closer to the axis of rotation thereof than to the center of the reaction force of the air flow on the throttle valve.
  • the seat surface 49 for the throttle valve synonymous with its closed position, can preferably be inclined somewhat towards the stop 47.
  • the severity of the throttle valve can be changed by exchanging throttle valves and materials of different weights can be used, for example.
  • a mass 35 to increase the throttle valve weight
  • several loosely arranged throttle levers 46 can be used on top of one another. These do not necessarily have to be connected. A shift in the center of gravity can be achieved with the aid of a shorter throttle valve 46, which does not reach the outer edge 50 of a throttle valve located underneath.
  • a stop can be provided, which guarantees a certain minimum throttle opening.
  • a throttle valve according to the invention can also be articulated on hinges which project from an axis.
  • the distance between the axis and the throttle valve edge located first corresponds to the distance 38 between the axis 34 and the closest side edge of the outlet opening 36.
  • Such a device is particularly suitable for cases in which the throttle valve is smaller than the air flow opening and the throttle valve can be arranged without an extension 41 of the ventilation duct 40.
  • the throttle valve according to the invention it is not necessary to arrange the throttle valve according to the invention at the outlet opening of a blower, but can just as well be in a duct on the intake side of the Blower can be arranged. Furthermore, it is not necessary to provide the throttle valve according to the invention in direct connection to a blower, but it can also be provided at other locations in the ducts of a ventilation system. For example, a throttle valve can be provided in a duct for part of a ventilation system and it will only influence the fan curve for this part of the ventilation system.
  • a prerequisite for the invention is that the throttle valve part influenced by the air flow is located only on one side of the axis of rotation of the throttle valve. If this were not the case, the short throttle valve side will balance part of the air flow that influences the long side. This completely changes the throttle valve function and you no longer get the desired fan curve.
  • the small air masses can raise the center of gravity of the throttle valve only insignificantly above the closed position in the case of small air flows, and this results in a strong throttling and a strong pressure drop across the throttle valve.
  • the large air masses can raise the center of gravity of the throttle valve, at the same time reducing the closing moment of gravity.
  • the throttle valve is opened more than what corresponds to the increased flow. If the throttle valve opening is large, the hindering effect of the throttle valve on the air flow becomes insignificant and thus the pressure drop across the throttle valve is very low.
  • the center of gravity of the throttle valve in the closed position is at least approximately at the same level as the axis of rotation of the throttle valve. Otherwise it could happen that the center of gravity of the throttle valve overturns in large rivers, so that the valve remains in the open position. This is of lesser importance if the distance 38 is large in relation to the size of the outlet opening 36, the throttle valve being opened completely even with a small angular deflection. Such a throttle valve results in a different character of the resulting fan curve.
  • Fig. 10 shows an example of three different fan curves 1, 11, 111, which were obtained in a fan which was provided with a device according to the invention and a fan curve IV, which results from this fan with a completely free outlet.
  • the curve relates to a weight-loaded throttle valve with the dimensions 320 x 170 mm, the curve 111 a throttle valve without additional weight with the dimensions 360 x 170 mm.
  • the throttle valve was surrounded by an outlet box with the dimensions 480 x 260 mm and a height of 300 mm.
  • curves I, II, and 111 are above curve IV of a free-blowing fan in large rivers. This means that the throttle valve provides static pressure recovery in the open position. This means that the device improves the fan in large rivers.
  • the center of rotation or the axis of rotation is therefore outside the duct / blower or the duct flow area or the duct flow cross section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Appareil pour le réglage de la pression d'un système de ventilation mettant en action des courants d'air variables, avec un conduit (40) ayant des ouvertures à fermeture variable vis-à- vis des espaces à ventiler et un moyen (30) de transport de l'air, c'est-à-dire un ventilateur, où un volet de réglage (33, 46), influencé par le pesanteur, limitant l'écoulement d'air, prévu pivotant, et sur lequel peuvent éventuellement être placés des poids réglables (35), est agencé dans le conduit, lequel volet est disposé de manière que le courant d'air ne le rencontre essentiellement que d'un côté de son axe de rotation (34, 48), caractérisé en ce que le volet de réglage est prévu pour maintenir fermée, par son propre poids et/ ou lesdits poids, l'ouverture lors de l'interruption de l'alimentation en air, ou respectivement pour maintenir ouverte l'ouverture, malgré son propre poids et lesdits poids supplémentaires lorsque l'alimentation en air augmente d'une manière qui n'est pas proportionnelle, le moment de fermeture est M = m (masse totale du volet de réglage y compris les poids) × g × r (distance de l'axe de rotation jusqu'à centre de gravité 37) x cos a et en ce qu'un réglage de la pression par le choix ou, respectivement, l'échange ou, respectivement, le déplacement de volet de réglage et/ou de masses d'un poids plus fort ou plus faible est prévu.
2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le volet de réglage (33) est logé pivotant sur un axe (34) ou tourillon.
3. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le volet de réglage (46) est agencé librement et pivote autour d'un axe de rotation qui est défini par un bord latéral du volet de réglage (46) qui repose contre une butée (47), qui avantageusement est agencée mobile sur la surface d'appui (49) du volet de réglage.
4. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-3, caractérisé en ce que le poids du volet de réglage peut être augmenté au moyen d'un poids (35) avantageusement mobile et/ou d'un volet de réglage alourdi au moyen de volets de réglage libres (46) agencés les uns au-dessus des autres.
5. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-4, caractérisé en ce que le volet de réglage (33, 46) est agencé dans un conduit de ventilation (40) essentiellement vertical ou à la sortie essentiellement verticale (36) d'un ventilateur (30) ou d'un conduit de ventilation (40), le volet de réglage (33, 46) étant avantageusement agencé dans un élargissement (41) dudit conduit de ventilation ou de ladite sortie.
6. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-4, caractérisé en ce que le volet de réglage est agencé dans un conduit de ventilation (40) qui n'est pas vertical et/ou dans une sortie qui n'est pas dirigée verticalement (36) d'un ventilateur (30) ou d'un conduit de ventilation (40) et en ce qu'un poids (35) est agencé sur un bras relié rigidement au volet de réglage (33, 46) de manière que le centre commun de gravité du volet de réglage (33, 46), du poids (35) et du bras (39) se trouve essentiellement sur le même plan que l'axe de rotation (34, 48) du volet de réglage, lorsque le volet de réglage est en position de fermeture.
7. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-6 caractérisé en ce que le volet de réglage (33, 46) est agencé en étant raccordé à un ventilateur, avantageusement une sortie de ventilateur.
8. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-6 caractérisé en ce que le volet de réglage (33, 46) est agencé dans un conduit de ventilation (40) à une certaine distance du moyen (30) de transport de l'air du système de ventilation, ainsi le volet de réglage influence la courbe de soufflage du système de ventilation ou bien de la partie du système de ventilation qui est raccordée audit conduit de ventilation (40).
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le centre de gravité (37) du volet de réglage se trouve au moins à peu près sur le plan de l'axe de rotation (34, 48) lorsque le volet de réglage prend sa position de fermeture.
EP85111091A 1984-09-05 1985-09-03 Appareil pour le réglage de la pression d'un système de ventilation mettant en action des courants d'air variables Expired - Lifetime EP0174002B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8404442 1984-09-05
SE8404442A SE445486B (sv) 1984-09-05 1984-09-05 Anordning for tryckreglering i ett ventilationssystem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0174002A2 EP0174002A2 (fr) 1986-03-12
EP0174002A3 EP0174002A3 (en) 1987-12-23
EP0174002B1 true EP0174002B1 (fr) 1990-12-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85111091A Expired - Lifetime EP0174002B1 (fr) 1984-09-05 1985-09-03 Appareil pour le réglage de la pression d'un système de ventilation mettant en action des courants d'air variables

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0174002B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3580879D1 (fr)
SE (1) SE445486B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2126503A1 (es) * 1996-12-03 1999-03-16 Gonzalez Jose Antoni Benedicto Sistema de control de instalaciones de climatizacion por aire.

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2616522A1 (fr) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-16 Hci Sa Modulateur de pression en conduit
FI80518C (fi) * 1988-06-30 1990-06-11 Halton Oy Luftfoerdelningsfoerfarande och anlaeggning foer anvaendning vid foerfarandet.
AU2003902681A0 (en) * 2003-05-29 2003-06-19 Sustainable Agricultural Machinery Developments Pl Ventilation systems
CN100441965C (zh) * 2003-08-26 2008-12-10 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 除湿器排放口的开关装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3128726A1 (de) * 1981-07-21 1983-02-10 Gebrüder Trox, GmbH, 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Druckminderer fuer luftfuehrungskanaele in klimaanlagen

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1216511B (de) * 1961-02-22 1966-05-12 Schwend & Cie Joseph Absperrklappe fuer Lueftungsschaechte
BE617673A (fr) * 1961-05-23 1962-08-31 Gunni Harald Jessen Dispositif de ventilation pour l'aération de locaux dans des bâtiments, en particulier d'étables
FR1370843A (fr) * 1963-07-19 1964-08-28 Ct Scient Tech Batiment Cstb Système et appareillage de régulation automatique du renouvellement d'air de locaux clos
DE1778956A1 (de) * 1968-06-22 1971-08-05 Herbert Steinberg Entlueftungsvorrichtung
FR2513359B1 (fr) * 1981-09-24 1986-04-11 Ventilation Indle Miniere Dispositif d'asservissement automatique des conditions de fonctionnement d'un appareil de ventilation dans une installation de ventilation, en fonction de la demande des usagers, et une installation de ventilation comprenant ce dispositif

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3128726A1 (de) * 1981-07-21 1983-02-10 Gebrüder Trox, GmbH, 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Druckminderer fuer luftfuehrungskanaele in klimaanlagen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2126503A1 (es) * 1996-12-03 1999-03-16 Gonzalez Jose Antoni Benedicto Sistema de control de instalaciones de climatizacion por aire.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3580879D1 (de) 1991-01-24
SE445486B (sv) 1986-06-23
EP0174002A2 (fr) 1986-03-12
SE8404442L (sv) 1986-03-06
EP0174002A3 (en) 1987-12-23
SE8404442D0 (sv) 1984-09-05

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