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EP0171788B1 - Ignition and support burner for solid fossil pulverized fuel, and combustion chamber comprising such a burner - Google Patents

Ignition and support burner for solid fossil pulverized fuel, and combustion chamber comprising such a burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0171788B1
EP0171788B1 EP85110126A EP85110126A EP0171788B1 EP 0171788 B1 EP0171788 B1 EP 0171788B1 EP 85110126 A EP85110126 A EP 85110126A EP 85110126 A EP85110126 A EP 85110126A EP 0171788 B1 EP0171788 B1 EP 0171788B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
burner
conduit
fuel
tap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85110126A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0171788A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Vidal
François Malaubier
Jean-Claude Mevel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stein Industrie SA
Original Assignee
Stein Industrie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Stein Industrie SA filed Critical Stein Industrie SA
Priority to AT85110126T priority Critical patent/ATE40457T1/en
Publication of EP0171788A1 publication Critical patent/EP0171788A1/en
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Publication of EP0171788B1 publication Critical patent/EP0171788B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/32—Disposition of burners to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus

Definitions

  • Combustion equipment for pulverized solid fuels of known boilers for thermal power stations, or possibly ovens comprises, in addition to the main burners, ignition and combustion support burners whose function is to ensure start-up operations at cold and assistance at low loads of the main burners.
  • the document EP-A-0 057 895 describes a device for direct ignition of poor pulverized solid fuels in cold combustion chambers, and for supporting combustion at low loads. It comprises a make-up and ignition igniter operating with gas produced by the gasification of lean fuel and a main igniter operating with pulverized lean fuel. The combustion air sent to the igniter outlet is put into turbulence. This device requires that one has the gas produced by the gasification of the lean fuel. It does not provide means for translating the conduit for introducing pulverized solid fuel, or a flame detection device.
  • Document DE-C-916 663 relates to a device for introducing solid fuel sprayed into a burner comprising an axial tube movable in translation inside an annular tube for introducing secondary air. But the burner does not have a refractory orifice, or a conduit for introducing tertiary oxidizing gas, neither an ignition member, nor a flame detection member.
  • Document US-A-4 381 718 relates to a burner having in common with the present invention the members a), b), c), d), e) and f) above.
  • the conduit for the introduction of pulverized solid fuel is fixed, and it does not include a flame detection device.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an ignition burner and support for combustion using pulverized fossil fuel, which has a lower operating cost than an ignition and support burner for fuel oil or gas, and easily adapts to frequent stops and prolonged operations at low load.
  • the ignition and support burner for solid atomized fossil fuel according to the invention is characterized in that the conduit for introducing the solid atomized fuel is provided with translation means making it possible to adjust the length of the premix chamber of the solid fuel and of the first fraction of secondary oxidizing gas lying between the end of this duct and the inlet of the flue gas, and in that a flame detection device is arranged near its flue gas.
  • the burner according to the invention is provided with means for adjusting the respective flow rates of the first and second fractions of secondary oxidizing gas in the annular conduits.
  • the ignition and support burner according to the invention preferably comprises an additional igniter consisting of one or more injectors of liquid or gaseous fuel distributed in the wall of the flue.
  • the invention further extends to combustion chambers with main burners and ignition and support burners for atomized fossil fuel.
  • each ignition and support burner is arranged between two main burners, vertically or laterally with respect to a main burner and at the level thereof, but in this case, the third conduit for introducing tertiary oxidizing gas is concentric with the flue and surrounds it.
  • each ignition and support burner is in the axis of a main burner, or placed in the arrival of secondary oxidant gas therefrom, or even laterally adjacent thereto, but in this case, the third conduit for introducing tertiary oxidant gas is concentric with the flue and surrounds it.
  • the tertiary oxidant gas of the ignition and support burner can also be introduced in part by the main burner.
  • the axial pipe or tube 1 provides a central supply of pulverized coal transported by primary air in relatively dense phase (several kg of coal pulverized per kg of air, and for example from 4 to 10 kg of coal per kg of air).
  • This tube is surrounded by a first duct or annular tube 2 for secondary air inlet, coming from the duct 3, at a flow rate adjustable by a flap 4.
  • the axial tube 1 can slide inside the annular tube 2, of which it crosses the wall by a seal 5 allowing its translation.
  • the periphery of the end of the tube 1 is provided with fins 6 for rotating for the secondary air coming from the annular tube 2. These fins 6 make it possible to produce, at the outlet of the tube 1, by turbulence, an intimate mixture of the fuel and part of the air.
  • the air arriving through the annular tube 2 can be preheated to promote the ignition of the fuel.
  • the axial position of the end of the axial tube 1 is adjustable by means of a handle 21 for controlling the translation of this tube, which makes it possible to modify the length L, and consequently the volume of a premix chamber 10, between the end of the axial tube 1 and the bottom of the outlet 12, so as to adapt it to the flow rate and to the quality of the powdered coal admitted by the tube.
  • the second duct or annular secondary air introduction tube 7 is supplied by the duct 8. It is provided with a flow adjustment flap 9, and is equipped at its end with rotation fins 11. L The air arriving through the annular tube can be preheated to promote ignition of the fuel.
  • the flow rates and proportions of air passing through tubes 2 and 7 are adjusted according to the quality of the coal.
  • the opening itself is provided with a refractory lining 13.
  • This opening comprises an igniter 15 of low power (of the order of 1% of the total power of the burner), which can operate either with gas or with fuel oil domesticated. It can be replaced by an electric igniter, with arc periodically spouting between electrodes.
  • an additional gas igniter is arranged in the quill. It consists of several injectors such as 16, 17 distributed in the wall of the flue in the ignition zone.
  • a flame detector 20 which also monitors the flame of the pulverized fossil fuel.
  • Tube 1 Primary air (tube 1) -15 to 30 Kg / h (charged with 4 to 10% of coal / Kg of air).
  • First secondary air (tube 2) at 20 ° C to 300 ° C 50 to 300 Kg / h.
  • Second secondary air (tube 7) at 20 ° C to 300 ° C - 50 to 300 Kg / h.
  • the length of the premix chamber is adjustable between 100 and 500 mm depending on the flammability of the carbon.
  • FIG. 2 represents an arrangement of an ignition and support burner with respect to the main burners, in the case of a boiler hearth with tangential heating.
  • the ignition and support burner 22 is arranged between two main burners 23, 24 of rectangular section each of which is surrounded by a rectangular opening 25, 26 for introducing secondary air and framed between two rectangular orifices (27, 29 ; 28, 30) secondary air intake.
  • the orifices 27, 28 are used both for the admission of secondary air to the main burner and of tertiary air to the ignition and support burner. In such a provision, admissions 18, 19, as mentioned in Figure 1, are deleted.
  • FIG. 3 represents another possible arrangement of the ignition and support burners with respect to the main burners, in the case of a boiler hearth with tangential heating.
  • the main burner 31 is arranged on an edge of the hearth, of rectangular cross section.
  • the ignition and support burner 32 is disposed laterally, on the face 33 of the hearth adjacent to this edge, in a circular opening obtained by deforming at this location the tubes constituting the wall of the hearth.
  • the ignition and support burner conforms to Figure 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a relative arrangement of the main burners and of the ignition and support burners in a front-heating boiler home.
  • the main burners 41 are distributed in two rows on the face 40. They comprise an external tube 42 and an internal tube 43 which delimit a central inlet 45 for primary air and a peripheral inlet 46 for secondary air.
  • the ignition and support burners 44 are arranged in the axis of the main burners 41. These ignition and support burners 44 conform to that of FIG. 1, but in this case the tertiary air intakes 18, 19 are deleted.
  • Figure 5 shows another possible arrangement.
  • the main burners 51 are distributed in two rows on the face 50. They comprise an external tube 52 and an internal tube 53 which provide a central inlet 55 for primary air and a peripheral inlet 56 for secondary air.
  • the ignition and support burners 54 are arranged in the secondary air inlet of the main burners 51. In this case also the tertiary air inlets 18, 19 of the ignition and support burners 54 are eliminated.
  • Figure 6 shows another possible arrangement.
  • the burners 61 are distributed in two rows on the face 6 0 . They comprise an external tube 62 and an internal tube 63 which delimit a central inlet 65 of primary air and a peripheral inlet 66 of secondary air.
  • the ignition and support burners 64 are each in an adjacent position relative to a main burner 61. In this case, the ignition and support burners 64 are in accordance with that of FIG. 1.
  • the ignition and support burners can be supplied with the same charcoal as the main burners, or with charcoal of different nature and / or particle size.
  • ignition and support burners can operate independently of the main burners.
  • the invention can also be applied to burners or hearths burning lignite.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

An ignition and combustion supporting burner for pulverized solid fossil fuel comprises an axial conduit for feeding the pulverized fuel in a primary combustion supporting gas. The shape of a refractory tap-hole enables the initial part of the flame to be confined. A conduit for feeding tertiary combustion supporting gas is concentric with the tap-hole and partially or totally surrounds it. The burner also incorporates a flame detector device and an igniter in the refractory tap-hole or in the axial conduit. The axial conduit is provided with translation means providing for adjustment of the length of a chamber for preliminary mixing of the fuel and part of the combustion supporting gas comprised between the end of this conduit and the inlet of the tap-hole.

Description

La présente invention concerne un brûleur d'allumage et de soutien de combustion pour combustible solide fossile pulvérisé, comprenant:

  • a) un ouvreau réfractaire de forme permettant le confinement de la partie initiale de la flamme,
  • b) un conduit d'introduction de combustible solide pulvérisé dans un gaz comburant primaire, coaxial à l'ouvreau réfractaire,
  • c) un premier conduit annulaire d'introduction d'une première fraction de gaz comburant secondaire, muni à son extrémité de moyens de création d'une turbulence dans l'écoulement de gaz comburant,
  • d) un second conduit annulaire d'introduction d'une deuxième fraction de gaz comburant secondaire, muni à son extrémité de moyens de création d'une turbulence dans l'écoulement de gaz comburant,
  • e) conduit d'introduction de gaz comburant tertiaire, entourant partiellement ou totalement l'ouvreau, alimenté en débit de gaz comburant suffisant pour assurer, en complément des débits de gaz comburant primaire et secondaire, la combustion totale du combustible solide,
  • f) un organe d'allumage disposé dans l'ouvreau réfractaire ou dans le conduit axial d'introduction du combustible fossile pulvérisé.
The present invention relates to an ignition and combustion support burner for pulverized solid fossil fuel, comprising:
  • a) a refractory form in order to contain the initial part of the flame,
  • b) a conduit for introducing solid fuel sprayed into a primary oxidizing gas, coaxial with the refractory pipe,
  • c) a first annular conduit for introducing a first fraction of secondary oxidizing gas, provided at its end with means for creating turbulence in the flow of oxidizing gas,
  • d) a second annular conduit for introducing a second fraction of secondary oxidant gas, provided at its end with means for creating turbulence in the flow of oxidant gas,
  • e) duct for introducing tertiary oxidizing gas, partially or totally surrounding the flue gas, supplied with a flow of oxidizing gas sufficient to ensure, in addition to the flows of primary and secondary oxidizing gas, the total combustion of solid fuel,
  • f) an ignition member disposed in the refractory outlet or in the axial duct for introducing the pulverized fossil fuel.

Elle s'étend en outre à une chambre de combustion comportant de tels brûleurs.It further extends to a combustion chamber comprising such burners.

L'équipement de combustion pour combustibles solides pulvérisés des chaudières connues pour centrales thermiques, ou éventuellement fours, comprend, outre les brûleurs principaux, des brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien de la combustion dont la fonction est d'assurer les opérations de démarrage à froid et d'assistance aux basses charges des brûleurs principaux.Combustion equipment for pulverized solid fuels of known boilers for thermal power stations, or possibly ovens, comprises, in addition to the main burners, ignition and combustion support burners whose function is to ensure start-up operations at cold and assistance at low loads of the main burners.

Du fait de la fraction de plus en plus importante de la fourniture d'électricité assurée par les centrales nucléaires, les centrales à combustible fossile pulvérisé sont de plus en plus amenées à fonctionner à titre d'appoint lors des pointes de consommation. Ceci entraîne des démarrages fréquents et des fonctionnements prolongés à basse charge. Les brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien utilisant habituellement comme combustible du fuel-oil lourd ou du gaz, plus coûteux qu'un combustible fossile pulvérisé, un tel mode d'exploitation majore sensiblement les coûts d'exploitation.Due to the increasingly large fraction of the electricity supply provided by nuclear power stations, pulverized fossil fuel power stations are increasingly required to operate as backup during peak consumption. This results in frequent starts and prolonged operations at low load. Since ignition and support burners usually use heavy fuel oil or gas as fuel, which is more expensive than pulverized fossil fuel, this type of operation significantly increases operating costs.

Le document EP-A-0 057 895 décrit un dispositif d'allumage direct de combustibles solides pulvérisés pauvres dans des chambres de combustion froides, et de soutien de la combustion aux basses charges. Il comprend un allumeur d'appoint et d'allumage fonctionnant avec du gaz produit par la gazéification du combustible pauvre et un allumeur principal fonctionnant avec le combustible pauvre pulvérisé. L'air de combustion envoyé à la sortie de l'allumeur est mis en turbulence. Ce dispositif nécessite que l'on dispose du gaz produit par la gazéification du combustible pauvre. Il ne prévoit pas de moyens de translation du conduit d'introduction de combustible solide pulvérisé, ni de dispositif de détection de la flamme.The document EP-A-0 057 895 describes a device for direct ignition of poor pulverized solid fuels in cold combustion chambers, and for supporting combustion at low loads. It comprises a make-up and ignition igniter operating with gas produced by the gasification of lean fuel and a main igniter operating with pulverized lean fuel. The combustion air sent to the igniter outlet is put into turbulence. This device requires that one has the gas produced by the gasification of the lean fuel. It does not provide means for translating the conduit for introducing pulverized solid fuel, or a flame detection device.

Le document DE-C-916 663 porte sur un dispositif d'introduction de combustible solide pulvérisé dans un brûleur comportant un tube axial mobile en translation à l'intérieur d'un tube annulaire d'introduction d'air secondaire. Mais Ie brûleur ne comporte ni ouvreau réfractaire, ni conduit d'introduction de gaz comburant tertiaire, ni organe d'allumage, ni organe de détection de la flamme.Document DE-C-916 663 relates to a device for introducing solid fuel sprayed into a burner comprising an axial tube movable in translation inside an annular tube for introducing secondary air. But the burner does not have a refractory orifice, or a conduit for introducing tertiary oxidizing gas, neither an ignition member, nor a flame detection member.

Le document US-A-4 381 718 concerne un brûleur ayant en commun avec la présente invention les organes a), b), c), d), e) et f) ci- dessus. Mais le conduit d'introduction de combustible solide pulvérisé est fixe, et il ne comprend pas de dispositif de détection de la flamme.Document US-A-4 381 718 relates to a burner having in common with the present invention the members a), b), c), d), e) and f) above. However, the conduit for the introduction of pulverized solid fuel is fixed, and it does not include a flame detection device.

La présente invention a pour but de procurer un brûleur d'allumage et de soutien de la combustion à combustible fossile pulvérisé, qui présente un coût d'exploitation moindre qu'un brûleur d'allumage et de soutien à fuel-oil ou à gaz et s'adapte facilement à des arrêts fréquents et des fonctionnements prolongés à basse charge.The object of the present invention is to provide an ignition burner and support for combustion using pulverized fossil fuel, which has a lower operating cost than an ignition and support burner for fuel oil or gas, and easily adapts to frequent stops and prolonged operations at low load.

Le brûleur d'allumage et de soutien à combustible solide fossile pulvérisé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le conduit d'introduction du combustible solide pulvérisé est muni de moyens de translation permettant de régler la longueur de la chambre de prémélange du combustible solide et de la première fraction de gaz comburant secondaire comprise entre l'extrémité de ce conduit et l'entrée de l'ouvreau, et en ce qu'un dispositif de détection de la flamme est disposé à proximité de son ouvreau.The ignition and support burner for solid atomized fossil fuel according to the invention is characterized in that the conduit for introducing the solid atomized fuel is provided with translation means making it possible to adjust the length of the premix chamber of the solid fuel and of the first fraction of secondary oxidizing gas lying between the end of this duct and the inlet of the flue gas, and in that a flame detection device is arranged near its flue gas.

Avantageusement, le brûleur selon l'invention est muni de moyens de réglage des débits respectifs des première et deuxième fractions de gaz comburant secondaire dans les conduits annulaires.Advantageously, the burner according to the invention is provided with means for adjusting the respective flow rates of the first and second fractions of secondary oxidizing gas in the annular conduits.

La possibilité de réglage de la chambre de prémélange associée à la possibilité de réglage des débits respectifs de gaz comburant secondaire du premier et du second conduit annulaire, permettent de maintenir un bon fonctionnement du brûleur lorsque le débit et ou la qualité du combustible solide fossile pulvérisé évoluent.The possibility of adjusting the premix chamber associated with the possibility of adjusting the respective flow rates of secondary oxidizing gas from the first and from the second annular duct, make it possible to maintain a good functioning of the burner when the flow rate and or the quality of the pulverized solid fossil fuel evolve.

Une autre possibilité permise par ces moyens de réglage est d'introduire le mélange primaire avec une concentration relativement élevée en combustible fossile pulvérisé.Another possibility allowed by these adjustment means is to introduce the primary mixture with a relatively high concentration of pulverized fossil fuel.

Le brûleur d'allumage et de soutien selon l'invention comporte, de préférence, un allumeur complémentaire se composant de un ou plusieurs injecteurs de combustible liquide ou gazeux répartis dans la paroi de l'ouvreau.The ignition and support burner according to the invention preferably comprises an additional igniter consisting of one or more injectors of liquid or gaseous fuel distributed in the wall of the flue.

L'invention s'étend en outre à des chambres de combustion à brûleurs principaux et brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien à combustible fossile puvérisé.The invention further extends to combustion chambers with main burners and ignition and support burners for atomized fossil fuel.

Pour une chambre de combustion à chauffe dite tangentielle, où les axes des brûleurs principaux sont tangents à un cylindre coaxial au foyer, chaque brûleur d'allumage et de soutien est disposé entre deux brûleurs principaux, sur la verticale de ceux-ci, ou latéralement par rapport à un brûleur principal et au niveau de celui-ci, mais dans ce cas, le troisième conduit d'introduction de gaz comburant tertiaire est concentrique à l'ouvreau et entoure celui-ci.For a combustion chamber with so-called tangential heating, where the axes of the main burners are tangent to a cylinder coaxial with the hearth, each ignition and support burner is arranged between two main burners, vertically or laterally with respect to a main burner and at the level thereof, but in this case, the third conduit for introducing tertiary oxidizing gas is concentric with the flue and surrounds it.

Pour une chambre de combustion à chauffe dite frontale, où les brûleurs principaux sont concentrés sur une face du foyer, ou sur deux faces opposées, chaque brûleur d'allumage et de soutien est dans l'axe d'un brûleur principal, ou placé dans l'arrivée de gaz comburant secondaire de celui-ci, ou encore adjacent latéralement à celui-ci, mais dans ce cas, le troisième conduit d'introduction de gaz comburant tertiaire est concentrique à l'ouvreau et entoure celui-ci.For a combustion chamber with so-called front heating, where the main burners are concentrated on one face of the hearth, or on two opposite faces, each ignition and support burner is in the axis of a main burner, or placed in the arrival of secondary oxidant gas therefrom, or even laterally adjacent thereto, but in this case, the third conduit for introducing tertiary oxidant gas is concentric with the flue and surrounds it.

Bien entendu, le gaz comburant tertiaire du brûleur d'allumage et de soutien peut également être introduit en partie par le brûleur principal.Of course, the tertiary oxidant gas of the ignition and support burner can also be introduced in part by the main burner.

Il est décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemples et en référence aux figures schématiques du dessin annexé, un brûleur d'allumage et de soutien de la combustion pour chaudière à charbon pulvérisé, et différentes dispositions possibles de tels brûleurs par rapport aux brûleurs principaux. Le gaz comburant est par exemple de l'air.

  • La figure 1 représente un brûleur d'allumage et de soutien de la combustion pour charbon pulvérisé.
  • Les figures 2 et 3 représentent deux dispositions particulières d'un brûleur d'allumage et de soutien par rapport aux brûleurs principaux dans un foyer de chaudière à chauffe tangentielle.
  • Les figures 4, 5 et 6 représentent trois dispositions particulières des brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien par rapport aux brûleurs principaux dans un foyer de chaudière à chauffe frontale.
It is described below, by way of examples and with reference to the schematic figures of the appended drawing, an ignition and combustion support burner for a pulverized coal boiler, and different possible arrangements of such burners with respect to the burners main. The oxidizing gas is for example air.
  • Figure 1 shows an ignition burner and combustion support for pulverized coal.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show two particular provisions of an ignition and support burner compared to the main burners in a tangential heating boiler home.
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 show three particular provisions of the ignition and support burners compared to the main burners in a boiler furnace with front heating.

Dans la figure 1, le conduit ou tube axial 1 assure une arrivée centrale de charbon pulvérisé transporté par de l'air primaire en phase relativement dense (plusieurs Kgs de charbon pulvérisé par Kg d'air, et par exemple de 4 à 10 Kg de charbon par kg d'air).In FIG. 1, the axial pipe or tube 1 provides a central supply of pulverized coal transported by primary air in relatively dense phase (several kg of coal pulverized per kg of air, and for example from 4 to 10 kg of coal per kg of air).

Ce tube est entouré par un premier conduit ou tube annulaire 2 d'arrivée d'air secondaire, provenant du conduit 3, en débit réglable par un volet 4.This tube is surrounded by a first duct or annular tube 2 for secondary air inlet, coming from the duct 3, at a flow rate adjustable by a flap 4.

Le tube axial 1 peut coulisser à l'intérieur du tube annulaire 2, dont il traverse la paroi par un joint 5 permettant sa translation. Le pourtour de l'extrémité du tube 1 est muni d'ailettes 6 de mise en rotation pour l'air secondaire provenant du tube annulaire 2. Ces ailettes 6 permettent de réaliser à la sortie du tube 1, par turbulence, un mélange intime du combustible et d'une partie de l'air. L'air arrivant par le tube annulaire 2 peut être préchauffé pour favoriser l'inflammation du combustible.The axial tube 1 can slide inside the annular tube 2, of which it crosses the wall by a seal 5 allowing its translation. The periphery of the end of the tube 1 is provided with fins 6 for rotating for the secondary air coming from the annular tube 2. These fins 6 make it possible to produce, at the outlet of the tube 1, by turbulence, an intimate mixture of the fuel and part of the air. The air arriving through the annular tube 2 can be preheated to promote the ignition of the fuel.

La position axiale de l'extrémité du tube axial 1 est ajustable grâce à une poignée 21 de commande de translation de ce tube, qui permet de modifier la longueur L, et par suite le volume d'une chambre de prémélange 10, entre l'extrémité du tube axial 1 et le fond de l'ouvreau 12, de façon à l'adapter au débit et à la qualité du charbon pulvérulent admis par le tube.The axial position of the end of the axial tube 1 is adjustable by means of a handle 21 for controlling the translation of this tube, which makes it possible to modify the length L, and consequently the volume of a premix chamber 10, between the end of the axial tube 1 and the bottom of the outlet 12, so as to adapt it to the flow rate and to the quality of the powdered coal admitted by the tube.

Le deuxième conduit ou tube annulaire d'introduction d'air secondaire 7 est alimenté par le conduit 8. Il est muni d'un volet de réglage de débit 9, et est équipé à son extrémité d'ailettes de mise en rotation 11. L'air arrivant par le tube annulaire peut être préchauffé pour favoriser l'inflammation du combustible.The second duct or annular secondary air introduction tube 7 is supplied by the duct 8. It is provided with a flow adjustment flap 9, and is equipped at its end with rotation fins 11. L The air arriving through the annular tube can be preheated to promote ignition of the fuel.

Les débits et proportions d'air passant dans les tubes 2 et 7 sont réglés selon la qualité du charbon.The flow rates and proportions of air passing through tubes 2 and 7 are adjusted according to the quality of the coal.

L'air tertiaire arrive autour de l'embouchure de l'ouvreau 12 par le conduit circulaire 18, relié à un troisième conduit ou tube annulaire 19 débouchant dans la chambre de combustion 14.Tertiary air arrives around the mouth of the outlet 12 through the circular duct 18, connected to a third duct or annular tube 19 opening into the combustion chamber 14.

L'ouvreau lui-même est muni d'un revêtement réfractaire 13. Cet ouvreau comporte un allumeur 15 de faible puissance (de l'ordre de 1 % de la puissance totale du brûleur), pouvant fonctionner soit au gaz soit au fuel-oil domestique. Il peut être remplacé par un allumeur électrique, à arc jaillissant périodiquement entre des électrodes.The opening itself is provided with a refractory lining 13. This opening comprises an igniter 15 of low power (of the order of 1% of the total power of the burner), which can operate either with gas or with fuel oil domesticated. It can be replaced by an electric igniter, with arc periodically spouting between electrodes.

Dans l'exemple représenté, un allumeur à gaz complémentaire est disposé dans l'ouvreau. Il se compose de plusieurs injecteurs tels que 16, 17 répartis dans la paroi de l'ouvreau dans la zone d'allumage.In the example shown, an additional gas igniter is arranged in the quill. It consists of several injectors such as 16, 17 distributed in the wall of the flue in the ignition zone.

Son fonctionnement est contrôlé par un détecteur de flamme 20 qui contrôle également la flamme du combustibles fossile pulvérisé.Its operation is controlled by a flame detector 20 which also monitors the flame of the pulverized fossil fuel.

Pour un brûleur expérimental brûlant 110 Kg/h de charbon les débits respectifs peuvent être les suivants.For an experimental burner burning 110 Kg / h of coal the respective flows can be as follows.

Air primaire (tube 1) -15 à 30 Kg/h (chargés de 4 à 10 % de charbon /Kg d'air).Primary air (tube 1) -15 to 30 Kg / h (charged with 4 to 10% of coal / Kg of air).

Premier air secondaire (tube 2) à 20°C à 300°C 50 à 300 Kg/h.First secondary air (tube 2) at 20 ° C to 300 ° C 50 to 300 Kg / h.

Second air secondaire (tube 7) à 20°C à 300° C - 50 à 300 Kg/h.Second secondary air (tube 7) at 20 ° C to 300 ° C - 50 to 300 Kg / h.

Air tertiaire (conduit 18) à 20° C à 300° C - 0 à 1300 Kg/h.Tertiary air (duct 18) at 20 ° C to 300 ° C - 0 to 1300 Kg / h.

La longueur de la chambre de prémélange est ajustable entre 100 et 500 mm en fonction de l'inflammabilité du charbon.The length of the premix chamber is adjustable between 100 and 500 mm depending on the flammability of the carbon.

La figure 2 représente une disposition d'un brûleur d'allumage et de soutien par rapport aux brûleurs principaux, dans le cas d'un foyer de chaudière à chauffe tangentielle. Le brûleur d'allumage et de soutien 22 est disposé entre deux brûleurs principaux 23, 24 de section rectangulaire dont chacun est entouré d'une ouverture rectangulaire 25, 26 d'introduction d'air secondaire et encadrée entre deux orifices rectangulaires (27, 29; 28, 30) d'admission d'air secondaire.FIG. 2 represents an arrangement of an ignition and support burner with respect to the main burners, in the case of a boiler hearth with tangential heating. The ignition and support burner 22 is arranged between two main burners 23, 24 of rectangular section each of which is surrounded by a rectangular opening 25, 26 for introducing secondary air and framed between two rectangular orifices (27, 29 ; 28, 30) secondary air intake.

Les orifices 27, 28 servent à la fois à l'admission d'air secondaire au brûleur principal et d'air tertiaire au brûleur d'allumage et de soutien. Dans une telle disposition, les admissions 18, 19, telles que mentionnées sur la figure 1, sont supprimées.The orifices 27, 28 are used both for the admission of secondary air to the main burner and of tertiary air to the ignition and support burner. In such a provision, admissions 18, 19, as mentioned in Figure 1, are deleted.

La figure 3 représente une autre disposition possible des brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien par rapport aux brûleurs principaux, dans le cas d'un foyer de chaudière à chauffe tangentielle. Le brûleur principal 31 est disposé sur une arête du foyer, de section droite rectangulaire. Le brûleur d'allumage et de soutien 32 est disposé latéralement, sur la face 33 du foyer adjacente à cette arête, dans une ouverture circulaire obtenue en déformant à cet endroit les tubes constituant la paroi du foyer. Dans ce cas, le brûleur d'allumage et de soutien est conforme à la figure 1.FIG. 3 represents another possible arrangement of the ignition and support burners with respect to the main burners, in the case of a boiler hearth with tangential heating. The main burner 31 is arranged on an edge of the hearth, of rectangular cross section. The ignition and support burner 32 is disposed laterally, on the face 33 of the hearth adjacent to this edge, in a circular opening obtained by deforming at this location the tubes constituting the wall of the hearth. In this case, the ignition and support burner conforms to Figure 1.

La figure 4 représente une disposition relative des brûleurs principaux et d'allumage et de soutien dans un foyer de chaudière à chauffe frontale.FIG. 4 shows a relative arrangement of the main burners and of the ignition and support burners in a front-heating boiler home.

Les brûleurs principaux 41 sont répartis en deux rangées sur la face 40. Ils comportent un tube externe 42 et un tube interne 43 qui délimitent une arrivée centrale 45 d'air primaire et une arrivée périphérique 46 d'air secondaire. Les brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien 44 sont disposés dans l'axe des brûleurs principaux 41. Ces brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien 44 sont conformes à celui de la figure 1, mais dans ce cas les admissions d'air tertiaire 18, 19 sont supprimées.The main burners 41 are distributed in two rows on the face 40. They comprise an external tube 42 and an internal tube 43 which delimit a central inlet 45 for primary air and a peripheral inlet 46 for secondary air. The ignition and support burners 44 are arranged in the axis of the main burners 41. These ignition and support burners 44 conform to that of FIG. 1, but in this case the tertiary air intakes 18, 19 are deleted.

La figure 5 représente une autre disposition possible.Figure 5 shows another possible arrangement.

Les brûleurs principaux 51 sont répartis en deux rangées sur la face 50. Ils comportent un tube externe 52 et un tube interne 53 qui déliment une arrivée centrale 55 d'air primaire et une arrivée périphérique 56 d'air secondaire. Les brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien 54 sont disposées dans l'arrivée d'air secondaire des brûleurs principaux 51. Dans ce cas également les admissions d'air tertiaire 18, 19 des brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien 54 sont supprimees.The main burners 51 are distributed in two rows on the face 50. They comprise an external tube 52 and an internal tube 53 which provide a central inlet 55 for primary air and a peripheral inlet 56 for secondary air. The ignition and support burners 54 are arranged in the secondary air inlet of the main burners 51. In this case also the tertiary air inlets 18, 19 of the ignition and support burners 54 are eliminated.

La figure 6 représente une autre disposition possible.Figure 6 shows another possible arrangement.

Les brûleurs 61 sont répartis en deux rangées sur la face 60. Ils comportent un tube externe 62 et un tube interne 63 qui délimitent une arrivée centrale 65 d'air primaire et une arrivée périphérique 66 d'air secondaire. Les brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien 64 sont chacun en position adjacente par rapport à un brûleur principal 61. Dans ce cas, les brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien 64 sont conformes a celui de la figure 1.The burners 61 are distributed in two rows on the face 6 0 . They comprise an external tube 62 and an internal tube 63 which delimit a central inlet 65 of primary air and a peripheral inlet 66 of secondary air. The ignition and support burners 64 are each in an adjacent position relative to a main burner 61. In this case, the ignition and support burners 64 are in accordance with that of FIG. 1.

Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, les brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien peuvent être alimentés avec le même charbon que les brûleurs principaux, ou avec un charbon de nature et/ou de granulométrie différentes.Without departing from the scope of the invention, the ignition and support burners can be supplied with the same charcoal as the main burners, or with charcoal of different nature and / or particle size.

Ces brûleurs d'allumage et de soutien peuvent fonctionner indépendamment des brûleurs principaux. L'invention peut aussi s'appliquer aux brûleurs ou foyers brulant du lignite.These ignition and support burners can operate independently of the main burners. The invention can also be applied to burners or hearths burning lignite.

Claims (7)

1. An ignition and combustion supporting burner for pulverized solid fossil fuel, comprising:
a) a refractory tap-hole (12) shaped to allow the confinement of the initial portion of the flame,
b) a conduit (1) for feeding pulverized solid fuel into a primary oxid gas, disposed coaxially to the refractory tap- hole,
c) a first annular conduit (2) hr feeding a first portion of secondary combustive gas, equipped at its end with means (6) for creating a turbulent flow of the combustive gas,
d) a second annular conduit (7) for feeding a second portion of secondary combustive gas, equipped at its end with means (11) for creating a turbulent flow of the combustive gas,
e) a conduit (19) for feeding tertiary combustive gas, this conduit partially or entirely surrounding the tap-hole and being supplied at a rate sufficient for ensuring, complementary to the flowrates of the primary and secondary combustive gas, the total combustion of the solid fuel,
f) an ignition element (15) disposed in the refractory tap- hole or in the axial conduit for feeding pulverized fossil fuel,

characterized in that the conduit (1) for feeding pulverized solid fuel is provided with translation means (21) allowing to adjust the length (L) of the chamber for premixing the solid fuel with the first portion of secondary combustive gas comprised between the end of this conduit and the inlet of the tap-hole, and that a flame detection device (20) is disposed near its tap-hole.
2. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with means (4, 9) for adjusting the respective flowrates of the first and second portion of secondary combustive gas in the annular conduits.
3. An ignition and combustion supporting burner according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises a complementary igniter including one or more liquid or gaseous fuel injectors (16, 17) distributed around the wall of the tap-hole.
4. A combustion chamber with main burners and ignition and combustion supporting burners according to one of claims 1 to 3, of the tangential heating type and burning solid fossil pulverized fuel, characterized in that each ignition and combustion supporting burner (22) is disposed between two main burners (23,24) and on the vertical line therethrough.
5. A combustion chamber with main burners and ignition and combustion supporting burners according to one of claims 1 to 3, of the tangential heating type and burning solid fossil pulverized fuel, characterized in that each ignition and combustion supporting burner (32) is disposed laterally in relation to a main burner (31) and at the same level, with the third conduit (19) for feeding tertiary combustive gas being disposed concentrically to the tap-hole (12) and surrounding same.
6. A combustion chamber with main burners and ignition and combustion supporting burners according to one of claims 1 to 3, of the frontal heating type and burning solid fossil pulverized fuel, characterized in that each ignition and combustion supporting burner (44) is disposed in the axis of a main burner (41), or placed (54) in the feed of the secondary combustive gas of a main burner (51).
7. A combustion chamber with main burners and ignition and combustion supporting burners according to one of claims 1 to 3, of the frontal heating type and burning solid fossil pulverized fuel, characterized in that each ignition and combustion supporting burner (64) is placed adjacent to a main burner (61), the third conduit (19) for feeding tertiary combustive gas being disposed concentrically to the tap-hole (12) and surrounding same.
EP85110126A 1984-08-16 1985-08-13 Ignition and support burner for solid fossil pulverized fuel, and combustion chamber comprising such a burner Expired EP0171788B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85110126T ATE40457T1 (en) 1984-08-16 1985-08-13 IGNITION AND MAINTENANCE BURNERS FOR SOLID, FOSSIL AND ATOMIZED FUEL AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITH SUCH BURNERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8412855A FR2569256B1 (en) 1984-08-16 1984-08-16 IGNITION AND COMBUSTION SUPPORT BURNER FOR FULLY SOLID SPRAYED FUEL, AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPRISING SUCH BURNERS
FR8412855 1984-08-16

Publications (2)

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EP0171788A1 EP0171788A1 (en) 1986-02-19
EP0171788B1 true EP0171788B1 (en) 1989-01-25

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EP85110126A Expired EP0171788B1 (en) 1984-08-16 1985-08-13 Ignition and support burner for solid fossil pulverized fuel, and combustion chamber comprising such a burner

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US (1) US4690075A (en)
EP (1) EP0171788B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6159109A (en)
KR (1) KR940006903B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE40457T1 (en)
AU (1) AU587392B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8503889A (en)
CA (1) CA1268996A (en)
DE (1) DE3567956D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8700413A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2569256B1 (en)
GR (1) GR851990B (en)
IN (1) IN164006B (en)
ZA (1) ZA856236B (en)

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ES8700413A1 (en) 1986-10-16
JPS6159109A (en) 1986-03-26
CA1268996A (en) 1990-05-15
EP0171788A1 (en) 1986-02-19
ZA856236B (en) 1986-04-30
KR860001981A (en) 1986-03-24
ES546120A0 (en) 1986-10-16
BR8503889A (en) 1986-05-27
GR851990B (en) 1985-12-17
AU587392B2 (en) 1989-08-17
AU4622385A (en) 1986-02-20
KR940006903B1 (en) 1994-07-29
FR2569256A1 (en) 1986-02-21
JPH0240923B2 (en) 1990-09-13
US4690075A (en) 1987-09-01
DE3567956D1 (en) 1989-03-02
FR2569256B1 (en) 1989-04-07
ATE40457T1 (en) 1989-02-15
IN164006B (en) 1988-12-24

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