Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
  • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
  • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
  • C10M2217/023—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group the amino group containing an ester bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound

Definitions

• the invention relates to multifunctional lubricating oil additives based on polyalkyl acrylates and polyalkyl methacrylates as well as systems formed from olefin copolymers (OCP) or hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers (HSD) and PAMA.
• OCP olefin copolymers
• HSD hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers
• Lubricating oils generally contain n-paraffin hydrocarbons, which on the one hand have a positive effect on the setting of a good viscosity / temperature behavior, but on the other hand fail in crystalline form on cooling and thereby impair the flow of the oils or prevent them completely (“stagnation").
• An improvement in the low-temperature flow properties can be achieved by dewaxing. Since the costs increase considerably if one wants to lower the "pour point" beyond certain values, one generally performs only a partial dewaxing of the oils up to a pour point in the range of -15 ° C. and makes use of the further reduction Pour point (down to about -40 ° C) so-called pour point depressants, which effectively reduce the pour point already in concentrations between 0.05 and 1%.
• Paraffin-like compounds are built into the growing paraffin crystal surfaces and thus prevent the crystals from growing further and the formation of extensive crystal groups.
• pour point improvers For the mode of action of such pour point improvers, it applies that they have certain structural elements, namely sufficiently long alkyl groups to be incorporated into the growing paraffin crystals from the nucleation and side chains or side groups at greater intervals to disrupt crystal growth. (See Ullmanns, Encyklopedia of technical chemistry, 4th edition, volume 20, Verlag Chemie, 1981, p. 548).
• Technically applicable pour point depressants on the other hand, must be required to have good thermal, oxidative and chemical stability, shear strength and the like. have.
• the currently preferred pour point depressants are polymethacrylates, which lower the pour point of lubricating oils sufficiently in concentrations of 0.1-0.5% (cf. US Pat. No. 2,091,627, US Pat. No. 2,100,993, US Pat. PS 2 114 233).
• the carbon number of the alkyl radicals is between 12 and 18, the degree of branching between 10 and 30 mol%.
• Polymethacrylates in the M range between approx. 5,000 and 500,000 are available, which allow the flow behavior of light, low molecular weight to heavy, high molecular weight lubricating oils to be improved.
• multifunctional additives for mineral oils are also said to improve the viscosity / temperature behavior at high and low temperatures.
• larger amounts in the range between 1 - 30% by weight are necessary.
• multifunctional viscosity index improvers can also have dispersing / detergent properties (cf. Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie, 4th edition, volume 20, loc.cit., Pp. 457-671) .
• These multifunctional VI improvers are mostly based on polymethacrylic acid esters (PAMA) and combinations (mixed polymers) of PAMA with olefin copolymers (OCP) or hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers (HSD) and less on the basis of OCP or HSD alone.
• PAMA polymethacrylic acid esters
• OCP olefin copolymers
• HSD hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers
• the object on which the present invention is based relates to improving the viscosity / temperature behavior of mineral oils containing n-paraffin in the broadest sense, especially at low temperatures, caused by the tendency of the n-paraffins to crystallize.
• This task in one of its particularly acute forms should be explained in more detail using the example of lubricating oils containing n-paraffin: Exhaustion of existing oil deposits has, as is well known, led to less productive or low-quality oil deposits being exploited. One is therefore increasingly finding an offer of poorer quality mineral oils (base oils). For example, the fact that these oils are less and less dewaxed can have a critical impact and are technologically more difficult to handle; (so-called "critical base oils”).
• Lubricating oils for the purposes of the present invention are paraffin-based and naphthenic-based vacuum distillate oils.
• inventive additives in addition to the solvents still VI improving polyolefins / olefin copolymers (OCP) and / or hydrogenated styrene-diene polymers (HSD) may contain, preferably from T y of the combination p of polyalkyl (meth) acrylates (PAMA ) and OCP (mixed polymers) as described in DE-PS 29 05 954 and US-PS 4 290 925.
• PAMA polyalkyl
• OCP mixed polymers
• the proportion of the additives in the olefin copolymers and the hydrogenated styrene-diene polymers or the polymers according to the cited DE-PS 29 05 954 or US Pat. No. 4,290,925 can be 0 to 70% by weight.
• the proportion of the polymers (P) in the additives according to the invention is 10-80% by weight, the total content of polymers is 20-80% by weight.
• the proportion of component a) in the polymer P 1 is preferably 50-100 mol%, especially 100 mol%.
• the proportion of component b ') in the polymer P 2 is preferably 20-40 mol%.
• components b) and b ') are preferably acrylic or methacrylic acid esters of straight-chain, unbranched C16-C24 alcohols, especially C 18 -C 22 alcohols.
• the tallow fatty alcohols and Alfole® (products from Condea) may be mentioned.
• Components a), b), c) and a '), b'), c ') can in turn be grafted onto polyolefins or olefin copolymers of the type indicated above (OCP).
• the molecular weights M w of the polymers P are generally in the range from 50,000 to 500,000, those of the polymers P 2 in the range from 50,000 to 500,000.
• the polymers P 1 and P 2 can be prepared by the customary radical polymerization processes.
• Component e) of the polymers P is by definition understood to mean radical-polymerizable monomers with functional groups in the molecule, in particular those whose positive effect on oil additives in the sense of dispersing or detergent activity is known.
• compounds of the general formula I may be mentioned wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl and Bs is an (inert) heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring or a radical means, where Z is oxygen or a radical -NR 4 and Q for an optionally alkylated hydrocarbon bridge with a total of 2 to 10 carbon atoms and R 2 and R 3 each for an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or together including nitrogen and optionally others Heteroatoms can form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring and in which R4 represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Examples include C- and N-vinylpyridine, vinylpyrrolidone, vinylcarbazole, vinylimidazole and their alkyl derivatives, in particular the N-vinyl compounds, also the dialkylaminoalkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid, especially dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylate, methacrylate and the corresponding amide (methacrylate) - or -methacrylamides) such as dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide.
• the above definitions (formula I) also apply to e ') in the polymer P 2 *
• the solvents (L) used in the additives according to the invention are those known for lubricating oil additives, in particular paraffin- or naphthenic-based mineral oils or the known ester oils or poly- ⁇ -olefins. (See Ullmanns Encyklopadie der techn. Chemie, Volume 20, loc.cit., Pp. 483-529).
• the preparation of the polymers follows the polymerization processes of the prior art.
• a mixture of mineral oil and a monomer mixture of a), b), c), d) and e) is placed in a reaction vessel which is suitably equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and metering line.
• the mixture is heated to about 90-100 ° C. under a CO 2 atmosphere and with stirring. After this temperature has been reached and initiator (preferably per compounds such as peresters, peroxides or azo compounds) has been added, a mixture of the monomers a), b), c), d) and e) and further initiator are metered in; approx. 2 hours after the end of the inflow there will be more
• initiator preferably per compounds such as peresters, peroxides or azo compounds
• the total amount of initiator is generally 1-3% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers.
• the total polymerization time is generally 8-9 hours.
• a viscous solution with a polymer content of generally 40-70% by weight is obtained.
• the additive according to the invention possibly together with other additives, such as DI package and OCP-VI improver, is dissolved in the base oil at 50-60 ° C. with stirring.
• the additives according to the invention can be added to the lubricating oils in a manner known per se.
• Oil formulations containing the additives according to the invention in addition to the required viscosity data at 100 ° C., show very favorable values for pour point and stable pour point as well as excellent viscosity data at -15 ° C. to 40 ° C.
• inlet 2 is started:
• the experiment is held at 130 ° C. for a further 5 hours. A cloudy, viscous solution is obtained.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Cited By (13)

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• 1983
  • 1983-10-28 DE DE19833339103 patent/DE3339103A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1984
  • 1984-10-16 EP EP84112445A patent/EP0140274B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-10-16 DE DE8484112445T patent/DE3483714D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-10-24 JP JP59222331A patent/JPH0631382B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1988
  • 1988-12-27 US US07/291,387 patent/US4968444A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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