EP0136241B1 - Device for the production of elements in one piece designed for the construction of burial vaults - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Formwork device for producing modular structural units for constructing reservoirs and, more particularly, prefabricated burial vaults, the said units having the shape of parallelepipeds which are open at at least one of their base faces, and the said device comprising a framework (11) to which a rectangular horizontal panel (12) is secured, four vertical panels (13a-13d), which are hinged to the four sides of the said horizontal panel (12), and a mould (14) which is in the shape of a truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, is supported by the said horizontal panel and surrounded by the said vertical panels, this device being characterised in that it comprises jack means (15a, 16a-15d, 16d) for moving the said vertical panels (13a-13d) and means for enabling the said device to rotate about its own axis, these means being formed by a central longitudinal shaft (19) which is mounted on the framework (11) and held between the two arms of a support (18) which is in the form of a stirrup and is provided with a gripping means (18a) so that it can be raised by a lifting device.

Description

The present invention relates to the production of burial vaults from modular construction elements manufactured outside the site to be assembled on site. It relates more particularly to a formwork device for these construction elements, device according to the preamble of claim 1.

• - un prix de revient réduit car la fabrication de ces éléments est particulièrement indiquée pour une production en série;
• - une rapidité accrue d'installation du caveau préfabriqué dans la fosse funéraire appropriée, grâce à la diminution de main d'oeuvre exigée sur le chantier qui se limite maintenant aux travaux d'assemblage et de jonction des éléments entre eux.

The classic method of building a funeral vault in situ, the many drawbacks of cost and reliability of which we will not recall, has been abandoned in recent years in favor of prefabricated funeral vaults from elements produced outside the site and assembled on the spot. This new construction method offers many advantages, in particular:

• - a reduced cost price because the manufacture of these elements is particularly suitable for mass production;
• - an increased speed of installation of the prefabricated vault in the appropriate funeral grave, thanks to the reduction in labor required on the site which is now limited to the assembly and joining of the elements between them.

According to this construction method, French patents No. 2,362,261 and No. 2,426,786 describe prefabricated burial vaults from horizontal frames interposed between the sets of panels of stacked boxes and whose sides are provided with assembly conformations. ensuring the junction and the interlocking of the side panels.

However, the production of these panels still proceeds from conventional formwork techniques, which constitutes an obstacle to the generalization of this method of construction, in particular because of the costs generated by these techniques.

The Applicant has thus imagined a device for the production of one-piece modular elements which, although intended more particularly for the production of burial vaults, can also be used for the construction of reservoirs, thanks to the good sealing provided to the assembly of the achievement. These constructions are obtained in particular by the superposition of modular elements which, adopting the form of parallelepipeds open to at least one of their base planes, are remarkable in that the side wall of said elements, drawn by the four closed faces of the parallelepiped , is thicker at the top than at the bottom.

• - les faces sont les quatre parties solides de la paroi et sont délimitées par les quatre côtés du parallélépipède,
• - les surfaces sont les côtés les plus larges des faces et sont situées à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du parallélépipède,
• - les chants sont les côtés les plus étroits des faces, entre les surfaces intérieure et extérieure, et sont situés en haut (chant supérieur) et en bas (chant inférieur) de la paroi latérale.

In order to better understand the invention, we give below some definitions of the various constituent parts of the side wall of the parallelepiped. So:

• - the faces are the four solid parts of the wall and are delimited by the four sides of the parallelepiped,
• - the surfaces are the widest sides of the faces and are located inside or outside the parallelepiped,
• - the edges are the narrowest sides of the faces, between the interior and exterior surfaces, and are located at the top (top edge) and bottom (bottom edge) of the side wall.

The side wall of the parallelepiped therefore consists of four faces each delimited by two interior and exterior surfaces and two lower and upper edges.

The two base planes, generally open, are delimited by the two lower and upper edges of the side wall.

These differences in thickness between the top and bottom of the side wall of the modular building element, object of the present invention, thus define a greater width for the upper edge than for the lower edge. It follows that the upper edge has a width located towards the outside and serving as a seat for the lower edge of the superimposed modular element, and a width located towards the inside and delimiting an internal peripheral rim on which can be deposited a horizontal partition.

• - d'un châssis sur lequel est fixé un panneau horizontal rectangulaire,
• - de quatre panneaux verticaux articulés sur les quatre côtés du panneau horizontal,
• - et d'une matrice adoptant la forme d'une pyramide à section rectangulaire et tronquée selon un plan parallèle au plan de base inférieur, ladite matrice étant portée par le panneau horizontal et entourée par les quatre panneaux verticaux articulés.

The invention thus relates to a device for the prefabrication in series of such modular building elements. This system consists in particular:

• - a frame on which is fixed a rectangular horizontal panel,
• - four vertical panels hinged on the four sides of the horizontal panel,
• - And a matrix adopting the shape of a pyramid with rectangular section and truncated along a plane parallel to the lower base plane, said matrix being carried by the horizontal panel and surrounded by the four articulated vertical panels.

Such a device has already been described in US-A-3,541,747 for the manufacture by molding of funeral vaults in plastic materials.

The role of the horizontal panel is thus to support the other organs of the device. The pyramidal matrix is designed so as to give the imprint of the interior surfaces of the side wall of the parallelepiped, and the vertical panels, which give the imprint of the exterior surfaces of said wall, are articulated in order to allow release from the mold.

According to the invention, this device further comprises actuator means for moving said vertical panels and means for allowing the rotation of said device on itself, these means being constituted by a longitudinal central axis mounted on the chassis and held between the two branches of a stirrup-shaped support equipped with a gripping means to be lifted by a lifting device.

• - à la figure 1, une vue en perspective, partiellement écorchée, d'un caveau funéraire composé de deux éléments monoblocs de construction obtenus avec le dispositif de l'invention;
• - à la figure 2, une vue en perspective, partiellement écorchée, du dispositif permettant de produire les éléments de la figure 1.

The invention will be better understood and its characteristics and advantages will appear more clearly on reading what will be said below. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings which show respectively:

• - In Figure 1, a perspective view, partially broken away, of a funeral vault composed of two single-piece construction elements obtained with the device of the invention;
• - in Figure 2, a perspective view, partially broken away, of the device for producing the elements of Figure 1.

It was indeed considered preferable, for a better exposure of the invention, to first describe an example of an embodiment of a funerary vault with elements obtained by implementing the formwork device of the invention before s 'attach to the latter.

The vault represented on the drawing of figure 1, intended to be buried in a funeral grave where it will be covered with a tombstone, comprises two modular elements of construction 1 and It constituting: the first, the bottom of the vault, and the second, a floor of the latter on which the tombstone will rest. These elements I and II each take the form of a parallelepiped consisting on the one hand, of a side wall 1 closed by four faces and the contours of which are delimited by two surfaces, interior and exterior, respectively 1 ^I and 1 ^II , and by two edges, lower and upper, respectively 1 a and 1 b, and, on the other hand, of two basic planes, bottom 2a and top 2b, circumscribed respectively by the interior contours of the two edges 1 a and 1 b. In element I, constituting the bottom of the vault, the low base plane 2a is closed and the high base plane 2b is open while in element I the two base planes are open.

It will be observed that the external surface 1 ^II of the wall 1 of the modular element II is perpendicular to the base planes and that the internal surface 1 ^I is inclined and forms an acute angle with the lower base plane 2a. It follows that the upper edge 1 b is wider than the lower edge 1 a. The latter can thus easily rest on the upper edge 1b of the underlying element (element I), while releasing on the edge 1b an internal peripheral rim which is surmounted by a shoulder 1'b. The latter defines an internal peripheral support on which a horizontal partition can rest and also gives the possibility of completing the sealing of the seal ensuring the junction between the upper edge 1 b of the element 1 and the lower edge 1 a of l Element II. It is useful to specify that, when the prefabricated funeral vault has several floors, the arrangement perpendicular to the basic planes 2a and 2b of the external surfaces 1 ^II of the elements It allows a superposition of the latter which are shaped identically and are assembled l 'one on the other in the same mode as that described above. This arrangement also gives a regular external appearance to the cellar, in particular on its height surmounting that of the bottom element I.

The device, illustrated in FIG. 2 and referenced 10 as a whole, makes it possible to produce, in a single operation, elements of the kind of those which have just been described, while maintaining, in volumes giving the imprint of said elements, the mass concrete until fully set.

According to the invention, this device 10, commonly known as a shuttering device, comprises a support frame formed by four longitudinal members 11 in 1 arranged two by two parallel to each other and on either side of the median planes of said device. On this chassis is fixed a horizontal panel 12, of rectangular shape, on the edges of which are articulated (two-way arrow A) four vertical panels 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d).

The angular expansion (arrow A) of these articulated panels 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, is ensured for each of these by two jacks 15a, 16a ... 15d, 16d respectively, which are, on the one hand, wedged between the ends of the longitudinal members of the support frame and the exterior surfaces of said panels and, on the other hand, connected to a manual control unit not shown.

According to a preferred characteristic of embodiment of the invention intended to correct the articulation games, these jacks 15, 16 have their body pivotally mounted (two-way arrows P) on a leg erected on the ends of the side members 11 and their head mounted articulated (two-way arrows V) on the height of the panels 13.

At the center of the panel 12 and surrounded by the vertical panels 13a to 13d, is installed a matrix 14 adopting the shape of a pyramid with rectangular base, truncated according to a plane parallel to the base plane. The matrix 14a has the role of giving the imprint of the interior surfaces of the side walls 1 of the elements 1 and II, and the articulated panels 13a to 13d that of giving the imprint of the exterior surfaces 1 ^II .

For the shuttering operation of a modular stage II element by the device 10, and under the effect of the developments of the heads of jacks 15, 16, the panels 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d are erected perpendicularly to each other and at the plane of the horizontal panel 12 and are consolidated in this position by keying systems 17. For the formwork removal operation, it is sufficient to unclip the panels and to retract the heads of the jacks 15, 16 so that the panels 13a to 13d move outward, thereby freeing the outer surfaces 1 ^II from the wall 1. With the aid of a conventional lifting device, the element It is lifted by its upper edge 1 b provided for this purpose with gripping rings (not shown in the drawing in Figure 1 and which will be embedded in the sealing mass during assembly), so that this element is released from the matrix 14 and the horizontal panel 12, thus removing the surfaces interior 1 ^I and the lower edge 1 a of the wall 1.

For the formwork operation of a modular bottom element I, by the device 10, the panels 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d are erected in turn according to planes substantially parallel to the trapezoidal planes of the matrix 14 and are also consolidated in this position by the keying systems 17. It is useful however to add that, in this operation, the upper base plane of the pyramidal matrix 14 is covered with a thickness of concrete equal to the height separating the upper part of the panels 13a to 13d of the base plane of the matrix. This thickness of concrete thus constitutes the bottom (closed lower base plane 2a) of element I.

For the formwork removal operation, the entire device 10 is lifted by a lifting device, this thanks to a support 18 in the form of a stirrup equipped with a gripping hook 18a, stirrup of which the two branches support an axis 19 disposed in the longitudinal median plane of the device and around which the aforesaid chassis is mounted in free rotation (two-way arrows R). Once raised, the device retaining the element I, having taken hold, pivots by a half-turn around its axis 19 and is rested on the ground. The panels 13 are then moved apart by the action of the jacks 15, 16, thus removing the external surfaces 1 ^II from the wall 1. The whole of the device 10 is again lifted to release the matrix 14 and the panel 12, thus removing the the inner surfaces 11 and the closed base plane 2a of the element I. The latter can then be transposed to another place by lifting it_by its upper edge 1b which will be equipped with the same gripping rings as that of the element II.

The peripheral shoulder 1'b lining the upper edge 1b of the two monoblock elements I and It is obtained using a removable imprint not shown and adopting the shape of a rectangular frame provided with handles. This imprint is integral with the horizontal panel 12 and the lower base plane of the pyramidal matrix 14 for the bottom element I while it is deposited on the mass of poured concrete and around the upper base plane of the matrix 14 for element II. The dimensions of the frame of this imprint are such that its thickness is equal to the height of the shoulder 1'b and its width equal to that of the upper edge 1b left free by the above shoulder.

Other improvements, improvements, modifications may be made by those skilled in the art to the embodiment described above and shown without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined by the claims.

Thus, for example, the part of the panel 12 located under the pyramidal matrix (preferably hollow) can be opened to allow baking of the latter, which will have the immediate consequence of accelerating the setting times of the concrete.

Claims (6)

1. Formwork device for producing modular structural units for constructing reservoirs and, more particularly, prefabricated burial vaults, the said units having the shape of parallelepipeds which are open at at least one of their base faces, and the said device comprising a framework (11) to which a rectangular horizontal panel (12) is secured, four vertical panels (13a-13d), which are hinged to the four sides of the said horizontal panel (12), and a mould (14) which is in the shape of a truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, is supported by the said horizontal panel and surrounded by the said vertical panels, this device being characterised in that it comprises jack means (15a,16a-15d, 16d) for moving the said vertical panels (13a-13d) and means for enabling the said device to rotate about its own axis, these means being formed by a central longitudinal shaft (19) which is mounted on the framework (11) and held between the two arms of a support (18) which is in the form of a stirrup and is provided with a gripping means (18a) so that it can be raised by a lifting device.

2. Formwork device according to claim 1, characterised in that the jack means (15a, 16a-15d, 16d) are wedged between a support part, which is integral with the framework (11), and the external wall of the said vertical panels.

3. Formwork device according to claim 1, characterised in that the interior of the pyramid- shaped mould (14) is hollow and communicates with the exterior via an opening which is provided, either partly or completely, in the part of the horizontal panel (12) which is disposed under the said mould.

4. Formwork device according to claim 1, characterised in that the four vertical panels are held together by keying (17) when the formwork is in the closed position.

5. Formwork device according to claim 1, characterised in that it is provided with a rectangular frame disposed around the upper or lower base face of the mould (14) so as to form a shoulder bordering the upper edge of the lateral wall of the said units, which wall is defined by the four closed faces of the parallelepiped.

6. Formwork device according to claim 2, characterised in that the body of the jack means (15a, 16a-15d, 16d) is pivotably mounted on the support part of the framework, while the head of the said means is mounted in a hinged manner on the external wall of the said vertical panels.

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