EP0107763A2 - Vice, in particular a machine tool vice - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Vice comprising a support (1) having a slide surface (3), a first (5) and a second (6) jaw which are movable with respect to one another, a drive element (13) which acts by means of a lever (41) on the first jaw (5) to move said jaw on the slide surface (3) of the support (1) for clamping or releasing a workpiece (15, 15'), and a joint (43) for providing an articular connection between the lever (41) and the first jaw (5) to bias, upon a clamping movement, the jaw against the slide surface (3) of the support (1), characterized in that, in the condition of rest, an arm (45) of the lever (41) is located in a neutral position perpendicular to the slide surface (3) for being capable to be moved against the second jaw (6) for exterior clamping, and to be moved away from the second jaw (6) for interior clamping, the first jaw (5) being biased in one case or the other against the slide surface (3) of the support (1).

Description

The invention relates to a vice, in particular a machine vice, with two relatively movable jaws and a drive element, which acts via a drive member on one of the jaws to move them to clamp or release a workpiece on the sliding surface of a support.

In known vices of this type, one jaw is fixedly arranged, while the other jaw is movable on a guide by means of a spindle or other device in order to grasp and hold the workpiece. There is practically inevitably always some play between the jaw and the guide, so that the jaw has a tendency to stand out slightly from the guide when tightening. However, this has the disadvantage that it affects the accuracy of the machining of the workpiece.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a vice of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph in which there is no play between the jaw and the guide or support of the jaw.

_G emäss the invention this is achieved in that the drive member is designed such that it biases the driven jaw in the clamping movement against the sliding surface of the support. When the jaw moves into the clamping position, it is thus pressed against the sliding surface of the support, so that the jaw does not rise slightly as with the usual vices. This ensures secure and precise clamping of the workpiece.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the drive member is a lever mounted in the support and coupled to the jaw, the lever being practically perpendicular to the sliding surface in the idle state. As a result, it would be expected that a point on the lever, which is at the same height as the sliding surface at rest, describes a circle tangent to the sliding surface when the lever rotates. Because of this circular movement, the more the jaw is moved by the lever, the more it is pressed against the sliding surface, so that play between the jaw and the sliding surface is reliably avoided.

In the idle state, the lever can have a neutral position, from which it biases the driven jaw against the sliding surface of the support when moving in one direction or the other. Such a neutral position exists when the lever is practically perpendicular to the sliding surface in the idle state. This fact can be used to use the vice for both external and internal clamping. In the case of internal clamping, the vice jaws, which are optionally provided with attachments, are moved apart so that the attachments can, for example, grip a ring from the inside.

_Z weckmässigerweise the lever is a double-armed lever. This makes it possible to utilize the space in the support in order to achieve a suitable lever translation and to use the elasticity of the lever for tensioning. If an angle lever is used, there is a particularly advantageous construction which makes good use of the available space. It is thus possible to provide a curve between the drive element and the drive element, that is to say the angle lever, in order to transmit the drive force from the drive element to the drive element. This enables a further power transmission, so that a relatively low driving force is sufficient to generate a sufficient clamping force.

The curve and / or the drive element are expediently designed such that self-locking occurs. Thus falls the driving force away so the elastic Ver ensure _- shaping of the drive member, eg the angle lever, for maintaining the clamping force of the clamp.

In an expedient embodiment, the curve is formed by two slides arranged on one side of the drive member and running on rollers in the support, which have a cam slot inclined at an acute angle to the direction of movement, into which rollers arranged on the drive member engage. This results in a self-locking construction, in which only the drive member but not the drive member can move the slide. This self-locking can be increased if sliders and sliding pins are used instead of rollers. This enables the drive element, for example the pneumatic cylinder, to be chatted off from the supply system, for example the compressed air source, in order to move the vice, for example, from one processing machine to the other, without loosening the tension. This also enables palletization on machine centers. Appropriately, two selectively operable locking members are provided to limit the path of the curve. Depending on whether the vice is used for internal or _A ussen- voltage, one of the locking members is actuated.

The lever can be coupled to the jaw via a pivot pin. However, the coupling of the lever with the jaw via a ball joint is more advantageous. This enables the jaw to adapt to a non-parallel workpiece. You can then not only perform a back and forth movement, but also a rotary movement around an axis perpendicular to the sliding surface of the support. However, if it is desired that no such rotation take place or that the rotation be limited, means for limiting or preventing rotation of the jaw on the sliding surface or the support can be provided, e.g. Set screws.

The support is advantageously filled with oil, so that the drive element and its bearings as well as the slides run continuously in the oil bath. It is then expedient to provide at least one groove in the slide surface of the support and / or the support surface, in which a seal is located. This seal prevents oil from escaping between the sliding surface and the jaw. A pneumatic cylinder advantageously serves as the drive element. However, other drive elements would also be possible, for example an electromagnet or an electric motor. However, since compressed air is usually available, a pneumatic cylinder forms a particularly simple drive element. The piston rod also has the advantage that it acts as an oil pump to press oil from the support into the jaw and to lubricate the sliding surface. In order to control the pneumatic cylinder, a control slide valve having at least two positions can be provided, which controls the action on the pneumatic cylinder in such a way that the jaws are moved apart in one slide position and moved against one another in the other position. The control slide can also have a third position in which the pneumatic cylinder can be actuated by a four-way valve.

The jaws can be provided both on the front and on the top with peg holes arranged in a grid dimension with a cylindrical fitting diameter and a thread underneath, such that top jaws, which are fixed on the front and top, or special jaws related to the workpiece by means of fitting screws or hollow fitting bushes and through these Inserted clamping screws can be fastened. This enables a particularly universal and efficient use of the vice. However, it is also possible for the support to be provided on the underside with fitting bores arranged in a grid dimension, by means of which the vice can be pinned and screwed onto a base plate, a mounting bracket or the like.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht des Schraubstocks mit Aufsatzbacken für die Aussenspannung eines Werkstücks,
• Fig. 2 ein Schraubstock wie in Fig. l, jedoch mit Aufsatzbacken zur Innenspannung eines Werkstücks,
• Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt durch den Schraubstock von Fig. 1, jedoch ohne Aufsatzbacken,
• Fig. 4 eine Ansicht auf den Schraubstock von Fig. l, teilweise im Schnitt,
• Fig. 5 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V-V von Fig. 4
• Fig. 6 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VI-VI von Fig. 4.

An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing. It shows:

• 1 is a side view of the vise with top jaws for the external clamping of a workpiece,
• 2 a vice as in Fig. 1, but with top jaws for internal clamping of a workpiece,
• 3 shows a longitudinal section through the vice of FIG. 1, but without top jaws,
• 4 is a view of the vise of FIG. 1, partly in section,
• 5 shows a section along the line VV of FIG. 4th
• 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI of FIG. 4th

As shown for example in Fig. 1, the vise consists essentially of the support 1 on the sliding surface 3, the two vise jaws 5 and 6 are movable back and forth. A spindle 7, which can be actuated with the hand crank 9, serves to move the positionable jaw 6. With this spindle 7, the positionable jaw 6 can be moved over large distances. As soon as it is in the desired position, it can be fixed by the clamping curves 11, which are arranged on both sides of the jaw.

The movable jaw 5 is actuated by a drive mechanism 13, e.g. a pneumatic cylinder. It only covers a short distance, but this is sufficient to clamp the workpiece 15 or to release it again. In FIG. 1, top jaws 19 and 21 are provided for clamping the workpiece 15 on the jaws 5 and 6 and fastened with screws 17.

While the top jaws 19 and 21 shown in FIG. 1 serve to grasp the workpiece 15 on the periphery, that is to say to clamp it from the outside, the top jaws 19 'and 21' from FIG. 2 serve to clamp a workpiece 15 'from the inside.

The more detailed structure of the vise can be seen in FIGS. 3 to 6. The support 1 consists essentially of the trough-shaped base body 23, the interior 24 of which is laterally closed by the support plate 25 and the top by the guide plate 27, or of a box-shaped base body 23, whose interior 24 is laterally closed by the support plate 25. In this embodiment, the stability of the base body is significantly increased.

As already mentioned above with reference to FIG. 1, the jaw 6 can be moved on the support 1 by means of a hand crank 9 via the spindle 7. For the axial on both sides The spindle 7 is supported by a double-acting ball socket package 29 with the pressure plate 31, which is screwed to the jaw 6. The spindle is protected by the U-shaped mudguard 33. When the jaw 6 is in the desired position, the clamping curves 11 are rotated (FIGS. 1 and 6). The pull-down wedges 35, which are mounted in the grip bars 37, are shifted inwards, because there is a pin 34 in the cam slot 36 of the clamping curve 11. This causes the jaw 6 to be pressed firmly against the sliding surface 3 and in this position is blocked.

In the interior 24 of the support 1 there is a lever 41 mounted on the axis 39 in the support, which is coupled to the jaw 5 by means of a joint 43. In the idle state, the short lever arm 45 of the lever 41 is perpendicular to the sliding surface 3. This position represents a neutral position, from which the lever arm 45 prestresses the jaw 5 against the sliding surface 3 when moving in one direction or the other about the axis 39. Regardless of whether the vice is used for external clamping (Fig. 1) or for internal clamping (Fig. 2), the jaw 5 is thus always preloaded against the sliding surface 3 in the clamping position. There is therefore never any play between the jaw 5 and the sliding surface 3 in the tensioned state.

If it were also possible to design the lever 41 as a one-armed lever, it is more expedient, as shown, to provide a two-armed lever, in particular an angle lever, which has the arms 45 and 46. The long lever arm 46 is much longer than the arm 45 in the embodiment shown, so that a corresponding translation is achieved.

In the embodiment shown, between the drive member, i.e. the pneumatic cylinder 13, and the drive member, i.e. the angle lever 41, a curve is provided. This curve is in the form of two slides 47 arranged symmetrically to the lever arm 46, which are connected at one end by the coupling piece 49 to one another and to the piston rod 51 of the pneumatic cylinder 13.

The slides 47 have a U-shaped cross section and run on the rollers 53, which in turn are mounted on the axes 55. Each slide 47 has a cam slot 57, which runs at an acute angle to the direction of movement, in which a roller 59 can run, which can rotate on a pin 61 arranged in the angle lever 41. Thus, when the slide 47 is moved from the piston rod 51 to the left, the pin 61 is moved downward through the cam slot 57 and the angle lever 41 is thus pivoted clockwise, as is necessary for the closing movement for clamping the workpiece 15 in FIG. 1 . Since the cam slot 57 runs at an acute angle to the direction of movement, there is a self-locking. So should the pneumatic pressure on the piston 14 drop, the workpiece 15 remains clamped anyway. The elastic deformation of the angle lever 41 ensures the necessary clamping force.

As FIG. 4 shows, two locking members in the form of pins 63, 64 are provided, through which the path of the slide 47 can be limited. In Figure 4, the locking member 64 is in the locked position, so that only a movement of the jaw 5 for external clamping (Fig. 1) is possible by the drive member 13. For internal clamping (Fig. 2), the locking member 63 in the Brought locking position and pulled out the locking member 64. By means of these blocking elements, an undesirably large ventilation path can be avoided on the one hand, but on the other hand it can also be ensured that the jaw is securely clamped against the sliding surface in the clamping position.

The interior 24 of the support is filled with oil. In order to prevent oil from escaping between the sliding surface 3 and the jaw 5, the support surface of the jaw 5 is in the sliding surface of the support or, as shown in FIG. 3. two grooves 65 are provided, in which the seal 66 is located. When the piston rod 51 penetrates into the interior 24, the piston pumps oil into the cavity 67 of the jaw, the sliding surface 3 being lubricated in the region of the jaw 5.

The ball joint 43 is also lubricated. In order to prevent oil from escaping from the jaw 5, a cover 69 is screwed to the jaw 5 with screws 70 and thus covers the ball joint 43.

The use of a ball joint 43 enables the jaw 5 not only to perform a back and forth movement on the sliding surface 3, but also a rotary movement about an axis perpendicular to the sliding surface of the support. In this case the jaw 5 can e.g. adapt to a non-parallel workpiece. If, however, it is desired that no such rotation takes place or the rotation is limited, the set screws 71 can be actuated (FIGS. 1 and 6).

As can be seen from FIG. 1, a compressed air connection 73 is provided on the support plate 25. Another hole for a second compressed air connection is closed by a plug 75. Inside the support plate 25, two compressed air channels (not shown in the drawing) lead to the control block 77 (FIG. 4), which has a control slide 81 which can be rotated by an adjusting lever 79. In the position shown in FIG. 4, compressed air is fed from the connection 73 via the channels 83, 85 into the cylinder 13, which then causes a closing movement to the outside tension. In another slide position, the other side of the piston 14 is steamed up in order to bring the jaw 5 back into the original position. For the internal tension (FIG. 2), the piston 14 is acted on in the reverse order

The control slide 81 is designed such that when it is brought into a neutral intermediate position, it enables remote control via a four-way valve. For this purpose, the sealing plug 75 (FIG. 1) is replaced by a second pneumatic connection. By reversing the valve, both sides of the piston 14 are then optionally acted upon by compressed air via the pneumatic exclusions.

As FIG. 3 shows, the vice has 1 centering holes 87 in the base of the support. Four centering bores 87 are expediently distributed over the base area in a grid dimension. This makes it possible to accurately and reproducibly insert and screw the vice onto substructure elements if corresponding bores are also provided there. This means that the vice can be used in a modular system. For the use on processing machines with T-slots special slot nuts are used, which establish the connection between the centering bushes 87 and the T-slots.

Claims (19)

1. Vice with two jaws (5, 6) movable relative to one another and a drive element (13), which acts via a drive member (41) on one of the jaws (5) in order to clamp or release a workpiece (15, 15 ') on the sliding surface (3) of a support (1), characterized in that the drive member (41) is designed such that during the clamping movement it drives the driven jaw (5) against the sliding surface (3) of the support (1 ) preloaded. 2. _S chraubstock according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive member (41) is a bearing in the support (1) and coupled with the jaw (5) lever, in the rest condition of the lever (41) substantially perpendicular to the sliding surface (3) stands. 3. Vise according to claim 2, characterized in that the lever (41) has a neutral position in the idle state, from which it moves the driven jaw (5) against the sliding surface (3) of the support () when moving in one direction or the other. 1) preloaded. 4. Vise according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the lever (41) is a double-armed lever, e.g. an angle lever, is. 5. Vise according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the drive member (13) and the drive member (41) a curve (57) is provided to drive the driving force from the drive member (13) to the drive member (41) transfer. 6. Vise according to claim 5, characterized in that the curve (57) and / or the drive member (13) is designed such that self-locking occurs. 7. Vise according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the curve consists of two on one side of the drive member (41), on rollers (53) in the support (1) running slide (47), which one in a point Have an angle to the direction of movement inclined cam slot (57) into which rollers (59) arranged on the drive member engage. 8. Vice according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that two selectively operable locking members (63, 64) are provided to limit the path of the curve. 9. Vise according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the coupling of the lever (41) with the jaw (5) via a ball joint (43). 10. Vise according to claim 9, characterized in that means (71) for limiting or preventing rotation of the jaw (5) on the sliding surface (3) of the support (1) are provided. 11. Vise according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the support has a cavity (24) which is filled with oil. 12. Vise according to claim ll, characterized in that in the sliding surface (3) of the support (1) and / or the support surface of the jaw (5) at least one groove (65) is provided, in which a seal (66) is located . 13. Vise according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the drive member (13) is a pneumatic cylinder. 14. Vise according to claim 13, characterized in that it has at least one two-position control slide (77) which controls the action on the pneumatic cylinder (13) so that the jaws move apart in one slide position and against each other in the other position will. 15. Vise according to claim 14, characterized in that the control slide (77) has a third position in which the pneumatic cylinder (13) can be actuated by a four-way valve. 16. Vise according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the jaws (5, 6) are provided both on the end face and on the top with peg holes arranged in a grid dimension with a cylindrical fitting diameter and thread underneath such that both end face and top jaws (19, 21) or modular jaws based on the workpiece can also be fastened using fitting screws (17) or hollow fitting bushes and clamping screws inserted through these bushings. 17 _S chraubstock according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that is provided to the support (1) on the underside is arranged in a grid spacing fitting bores (87), whereby the vice on a base plate, an angle plate or the like staked and fastened can be. 18. Vise according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the other jaw (6) by pull-down wedges (35) which can be actuated by tensioning curves (11) against the sliding surface (3) of the support (1) and can be tensioned the support (1) can be fixed. 19. Vise according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the curve consists of two on one side of the drive member (41) arranged on rollers (53) or sliding surfaces slides, which has an inclined at an acute angle to the direction of the cam slot ( 57), in which slide elements arranged on the drive member engage.

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