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EP0042839A1 - Device for handling parcels - Google Patents

Device for handling parcels

Info

Publication number
EP0042839A1
EP0042839A1 EP80902167A EP80902167A EP0042839A1 EP 0042839 A1 EP0042839 A1 EP 0042839A1 EP 80902167 A EP80902167 A EP 80902167A EP 80902167 A EP80902167 A EP 80902167A EP 0042839 A1 EP0042839 A1 EP 0042839A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
carriage
support plate
console
distribution conveyor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80902167A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Willy Bollierschaffner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grapha Immobilien AG
Original Assignee
Daverio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daverio AG filed Critical Daverio AG
Publication of EP0042839A1 publication Critical patent/EP0042839A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/74—Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
    • B65G47/94—Devices for flexing or tilting travelling structures; Throw-off carriages
    • B65G47/96—Devices for tilting links or platform

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a distribution conveyor for piece goods according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Distribution conveyors of this type are known and are mainly used in mail distribution centers for sorting packages according to their destinations.
  • a distribution conveyor is known in which the support plate can be tilted about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the carriage, the tilting movement being triggered by a linkage actuated by a separate guide rail, which at the tilting points is diverted by switches.
  • a necessary guide rail is relatively bulky and expensive Vietnamese under ⁇ is the wear.
  • the support plates do not need any guidance in the horizontal position, they rest on bearing shells two swivel axes arranged on both sides of the longitudinal center axis of the carriage. Guide rails or switches are also required to trigger the tilting movement. In addition, additional springs must be used, which hold the support plates in the horizontal and in the tilted position.
  • a drive disk is expediently rotatably mounted on the carriage, the axle of which, for example via a universal joint, is in drive connection with the axle of the support plate.
  • cooperating control rails can then be arranged with the drive pulley for the purpose of rotating the same.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a section of a conveyor track at an unloading point
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the carriage of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 is a rear view of the carriage of FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of a car driven by an electric linear motor
  • FIG. 6 is a rear view of the carriage of FIG .. 5
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a section of the conveyor track of a distribution conveyor with a guide rail 1 in which the carriages 2 are guided.
  • Each carriage 2 carries a support plate 3, which is intended to receive a package 4.
  • the support plates are 3
  • the carriage 2 to 4 show the structure of a carriage 2 with the support plate 3.
  • the carriage 2 has four rollers 6 with which it rolls in a flat guideway la of the rail 1.
  • the horizontal guidance is carried out by two guide rollers 7, which are mounted on vertical axes and are guided through vertical walls 1b of the rail 1.
  • the carriage 2 is driven in a known manner by an endless, revolving chain 8, to which each carriage 2 is connected by a driver 9.
  • Each carriage 2 carries an arm 10 protruding from the top of the guide rail, which arm forms a bearing head 11 for an axis 12 which is inclined at an angle o to the horizontal support plate 3 and is rigidly connected to the latter.
  • the angle ° is suitably about 40 to 50.
  • the lower end of the axis 12 is connected via a universal joint 13 to a vertical shaft 14 which is rotatably mounted on the carriage 2 in a bearing 14a.
  • a horizontal drive pulley 15 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft 14. If this drive disc 15 is rotated relative to the carriage, the support plate 3 is inclined. Position, as shown in Fig. 1, pivoted.
  • the drive disk 15 has stop cams 16a, 16b which cooperate with a middle stop 17, which acts as a catch acts and secures the drive pulley 15 in its central position until it is deflected.
  • Brake rods 18 are arranged at the unloading stations and, as indicated by double arrows, e.g. are pressed electromechanically against the circumference of the drive disks 15 and pivot them up to the stop 16a or 16b, so that the support plate 3 is inclined to the left or right and throws off the package conveyed by it.
  • the brake rods 18 can also be designed as electromagnets, which brake the drive disk 15 electromagnetically.
  • the support plates 3 are pivoted back into their horizontal position after the sorting station by further brake rods.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show an embodiment in which the carriage is driven by an electric linear motor he follows.
  • the rotor of a short-circuit rotor motor is designed as a steel track 19, over which the flat stator 20, which is formed by the carriage 2, moves in the longitudinal direction.
  • the structure of the carriage 2 corresponds exactly to the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Discharge Of Articles From Conveyors (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Intermediate Stations On Conveyors (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)

Abstract

Une pluralite de vehicules (2) sont entraines au moyen d'une chaine sans fin (8) sur un rail de guidage (1). Chaque vehicule (2) supporte une console (3) destinee a supporter un paquet. Aux emplacements de dechargement predetermines, les consoles sont inclinees si bien que les paquets glissent dans un collecteur. Un axe (12) est fixe a la console, obliquement par rapport a la surface de celle-ci; cet axe est dispose dans un palier (11) de maniere pivotante. De maniere a incliner la console (3), l'axe (12) est oriente au moyen d'un disque de transmission (15), qui est relie a l'axe (12) par l'intermediaire d'un arbre (14) et d'un joint de cardan (13). Le disque de transmission (15) est lui-meme freine et par suite tourne au moyen de rail de commande electromecanique ou magnetique, aux emplacements de dechargement lors du passage du vehicule. Le dispositif d'inclinaison des consoles est tres simple et fonctionne sans ennui.A plurality of vehicles (2) are driven by means of an endless chain (8) on a guide rail (1). Each vehicle (2) supports a console (3) intended to support a package. At the predetermined unloading locations, the consoles are tilted so that the packages slide in a collector. An axis (12) is fixed to the console, obliquely to the surface thereof; this axis is arranged in a bearing (11) in a pivoting manner. In order to tilt the console (3), the axis (12) is oriented by means of a transmission disc (15), which is connected to the axis (12) by means of a shaft (14 ) and a universal joint (13). The transmission disc (15) is itself braked and therefore rotated by means of electromechanical or magnetic control rail, at the unloading locations during the passage of the vehicle. The console tilting device is very simple and works without boredom.

Description

Verteilförderer für Stückgut Distribution conveyor for general cargo
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verteilförderer für Stückgut nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a distribution conveyor for piece goods according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Verteilförderer dieser Art sind bekannt und werden vorwie¬ gend in Postverteilstellen zum Sortieren von Paketen nach ihren Bestimmungsorten eingesetzt. Aus der GB-PS 1 335 114 ist z.B. ein Verteilförderer bekannt, bei welchem die Trag¬ platte um eine sich in Längsrichtung des Wagens erstreckende Achse kippbar ist, wobei die Kippbewegung über ein durch eine separate Führungsschiene betätigtes Gestänge ausgelöst wird, das an den Kippstellen durch Weichen umgelenkt wird. Die zusätzlich zu den Schienen für die V.'a en erforderliche Führungsschiene ist jedoch verhältnismassig teuer und unter¬ liegt dem Verschleiss. Bei einem Verteilförderer nach der GB-PS 1 544 570 benötigen die Tragplatten in der Horizontal¬ lage keine Führung, sie liegen mittels Lagerschalen auf zwei beidseitig zur Längsmittelachse der Wagen angeordneten Schwenkachsen auf. Für die Auslösung der Kippbewegung sind aber ebenfalls -Führungsschienen bzw. -weichen erforderlich. Zudem müssen zusätzliche Federn verwendet werden, welche die Tragplatten in der horizontalen und in der gekippten Stellung festhalten.Distribution conveyors of this type are known and are mainly used in mail distribution centers for sorting packages according to their destinations. From GB-PS 1 335 114, for example, a distribution conveyor is known in which the support plate can be tilted about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the carriage, the tilting movement being triggered by a linkage actuated by a separate guide rail, which at the tilting points is diverted by switches. However, in addition to the rails for the V. 's a necessary guide rail is relatively bulky and expensive unter¬ is the wear. In the case of a distribution conveyor according to GB-PS 1 544 570, the support plates do not need any guidance in the horizontal position, they rest on bearing shells two swivel axes arranged on both sides of the longitudinal center axis of the carriage. Guide rails or switches are also required to trigger the tilting movement. In addition, additional springs must be used, which hold the support plates in the horizontal and in the tilted position.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Verteilförderer der ein¬ gangs genannten Art derart auszubilden, dass die VerSchwen¬ kung der Tragplatten in die geneigte Lage an den jeweiligen Entladestellen einen möglichst geringen konstruktiven Auf¬ wand erfordert.It is an object of the invention to design a distribution conveyor of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the pivoting of the support plates into the inclined position at the respective unloading points requires the least possible design effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Ausbildung nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the training according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Durch das Verschwenken der schräg zur Tragplatte verlaufen¬ den Achse wird automatisch die erforderliche Neigung der Tragplatte erzielt, die das Abrutschen des Stückgutes in einen Sammelbehälter ermöglicht. Zum Verschwenken der Achse ist zweck ässig auf dem Wagen eine Antriebsscheibe drehbar gelagert, deren Achse, z.B. über ein Kreuzgelenk, in Λn- triebsverbindung mit der Achse der Tragplatte steht. An den Entladestellen können dann mit der Antriebsscheibe zwecks Drehung derselben zusammenwirkende Steuerschienen angeord¬ net sein. Durch diese Ausbildung ist der Mechanismus für die Ver- schwenkung der Tragplatten in die geneigte Lage äusserst einfach, und er weist eine geringe Störungsanfälligkeit auf.By pivoting the axis running obliquely to the support plate, the required inclination of the support plate is automatically achieved, which enables the piece goods to slide into a collecting container. To pivot the axle, a drive disk is expediently rotatably mounted on the carriage, the axle of which, for example via a universal joint, is in drive connection with the axle of the support plate. At the unloading points, cooperating control rails can then be arranged with the drive pulley for the purpose of rotating the same. As a result of this design, the mechanism for pivoting the support plates into the inclined position is extremely simple and has a low susceptibility to malfunction.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungs¬ gegenstandes mit einer Variante schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:In the drawing, an embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is shown schematically with a variant. Show it:
Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Teilstück einer Förderbahn an einer Entladestelle,1 is a perspective view of a section of a conveyor track at an unloading point,
Fig. 2" eine Seitenansicht eines Wagens mit Kettenantrieb,2 "is a side view of a car with chain drive,
Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf den Wagen nach Fig. 2,3 is a plan view of the carriage of FIG. 2,
Fig. 4 eine Rückansicht des Wagens nach Fig. 2 ,4 is a rear view of the carriage of FIG. 2,
Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht eines Wagens mit Antrieb durch einen elektrischen Linearmotor undFig. 5 is a side view of a car driven by an electric linear motor and
Fig. 6 eine Rückansicht des Wagens nach Fig. 5.6 is a rear view of the carriage of FIG .. 5
Die Fig. 1 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Teil¬ stück der Förderbahn eines Verteilförderers mit einer Füh¬ rungsschiene 1, in der die Wagen 2 geführt sind. Jeder Wagen 2 trägt eine Tragplatte 3, die zur Aufnahme eines Paketes 4 bestimmt ist. Bei zwei Stationen sind die Tragplatten 31 shows a perspective view of a section of the conveyor track of a distribution conveyor with a guide rail 1 in which the carriages 2 are guided. Each carriage 2 carries a support plate 3, which is intended to receive a package 4. At two stations, the support plates are 3
O PI_ verschwenkt dargestellt, so dass die geförderten Pakete 4 in Sammelabteile 5 abgeworfen werden.O PI_ shown pivoted so that the conveyed packages 4 are dropped into collecting compartments 5.
Die Fig. 2 bis 4 zeigen den Aufbau eines Wagens 2 mit der Tragplatte 3. Der Wagen 2 weist vier Laufrollen 6 auf, mit denen er in einer ebenen Führungsbahn la der Schiene 1 ab¬ rollt. Die horizontale Führung übernehmen zwei Führungsrol¬ len 7, die an vertikalen Achsen gelagert sind und durch ver¬ tikale Wände lb der Schiene 1 geführt werden. Der Antrieb der Wagen 2 erfolgt in bekannter Weise durch eine endlose, umlaufende Kette 8, mit der jeder Wagen 2 durch einen Mit¬ nehmer 9 verbunden ist. Jeder Wagen 2 trägt einen oben aus der Führungsschiene herausragenden Arm 10, der einen Lager¬ kopf 11 für eine Achse 12 bildet, die unter einem Winkel o geneigt zur horizontalen Tragplatte 3 verläuft und mit die¬ ser starr verbunden ist. Der Winkel ° beträgt zweckmässig etwa 40 bis 50 . Das untere Ende der Achse 12 ist über ein Kreuzgelenk 13 mit einer vertikalen Welle 14 verbunden, die in einem Lager 14a auf dem Wagen 2 drehbar gelagert ist.2 to 4 show the structure of a carriage 2 with the support plate 3. The carriage 2 has four rollers 6 with which it rolls in a flat guideway la of the rail 1. The horizontal guidance is carried out by two guide rollers 7, which are mounted on vertical axes and are guided through vertical walls 1b of the rail 1. The carriage 2 is driven in a known manner by an endless, revolving chain 8, to which each carriage 2 is connected by a driver 9. Each carriage 2 carries an arm 10 protruding from the top of the guide rail, which arm forms a bearing head 11 for an axis 12 which is inclined at an angle o to the horizontal support plate 3 and is rigidly connected to the latter. The angle ° is suitably about 40 to 50. The lower end of the axis 12 is connected via a universal joint 13 to a vertical shaft 14 which is rotatably mounted on the carriage 2 in a bearing 14a.
Mit der Welle 14 ist eine horizontale Antriebsscheibe 15 drehfest verbunden. Wird diese Antriebsscheibe 15 relativ zum Wagen gedreht, so wird die Tragplatte 3 in die geneigte. Lage, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, verschwenkt. Die Antriebs¬ scheibe 15 weist Anschlagnocken 16a, 16b auf, welche mit einem mittleren Anschlag 17 zusammenwirken, der als Raste wirkt und die Antriebsscheibe 15 in ihrer mittleren Lage sichert, bis sie ausgelenkt wird.A horizontal drive pulley 15 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft 14. If this drive disc 15 is rotated relative to the carriage, the support plate 3 is inclined. Position, as shown in Fig. 1, pivoted. The drive disk 15 has stop cams 16a, 16b which cooperate with a middle stop 17, which acts as a catch acts and secures the drive pulley 15 in its central position until it is deflected.
An den Entladestationen sind Bremsstäbe 18 angeordnet, die, wie durch Doppelpfeile angedeutet, z.B. elektromechanisch gegen' den Umfang der Antriebsscheiben 15 gepresst werden und diese bis zum Anschlag 16a oder 16b verschwenken,- so dass die Tragplatte 3 nach links oder rechts geneigt wird und das von ihr geförderte Paket abwirft. Die Bremsstäbe 18 kön¬ nen auch als Elektromagnete ausgebildet sein, welche die An¬ triebsscheibe 15 elektromagnetisch abbremsen. Durch weitere Bremsstäbe werden die Tragplatten 3 nach der Sortierstation wieder in ihre horizontale Lage zurückgeschwenkt.Brake rods 18 are arranged at the unloading stations and, as indicated by double arrows, e.g. are pressed electromechanically against the circumference of the drive disks 15 and pivot them up to the stop 16a or 16b, so that the support plate 3 is inclined to the left or right and throws off the package conveyed by it. The brake rods 18 can also be designed as electromagnets, which brake the drive disk 15 electromagnetically. The support plates 3 are pivoted back into their horizontal position after the sorting station by further brake rods.
Während bei der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 2 bis 4 der Antrieb der Wagen 2 in bekannter Weise durch eine umlaufende Kette 8 erfolgt, zeigen die Fig. 5 und 6 eine Ausführungs¬ form, bei welcher der Antrieb der Wagen durch einen elektri¬ schen Linearmotor erfolgt. Der Läufer eines Kurzschlussläu¬ fermotors ist als eine Stahlbahn 19 ausgebildet, über der sich der ebene Ständer 20, der durch den Wagen 2 gebildet wird, in Längsrichtung bewegt. Der Aufbau der Wagen 2 ent¬ spricht genau der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 2 bis 4.While in the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 4 the carriage 2 is driven in a known manner by a revolving chain 8, FIGS. 5 and 6 show an embodiment in which the carriage is driven by an electric linear motor he follows. The rotor of a short-circuit rotor motor is designed as a steel track 19, over which the flat stator 20, which is formed by the carriage 2, moves in the longitudinal direction. The structure of the carriage 2 corresponds exactly to the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 4.
Das Verschwenken der Tragplatten 3 um ihre geneigten Achsen 12 ermöglicht eine wesentlich einfachere konstruktive Aus- bildung der einzelnen U'agen 2 im Vergleich zu den bekannten Ausführungsformen von Wagen, bei denen die Tragplatte um eine oder zwei Längsachsen gekippt wird. The pivoting of the support plates 3 about their inclined axes 12 enables a considerably simpler design Formation of the individual U'agen 2 compared to the known embodiments of cars, in which the support plate is tilted about one or two longitudinal axes.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verteilförderer für Stückgut mit einer Vielzahl von längs einer endlosen Bahn umlaufenden Wagen, von denen jeder eine beidseitig neigbare Tragplatte für das Förder¬ gut trägt, die an vorbestimmten Entladestellen mittels an der Bahn angeordneten Steuereinrichtungen neigbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an jeder Tragplatte (3) eine schräg zur Tragplattenebene verlaufende Achse (12) starr befestigt ist, dass diese Achse (12) in einem fest mit dem Wagen (2) verbundenen Lager (11) schwenkbar gelagert ist, und dass am Wagen von den Steuereinrichtungen (18) beeinflussbare Antriebsmittel (15) zum Verschwenken der Achse (12) mit ihrer Tragplatte (3) vorgesehen sind.1. Distribution conveyor for general cargo with a plurality of cars running along an endless path, each of which carries a support plate for the material to be tilted on both sides, which can be inclined at predetermined unloading points by means of control devices arranged on the track, characterized in that on each support plate (3) an axis (12) extending obliquely to the support plate plane is rigidly fixed, that this axis (12) is pivotably mounted in a bearing (11) which is fixedly connected to the carriage (2), and that the control devices (18) on the carriage influenceable drive means (15) for pivoting the axis (12) with its support plate (3) are provided.
2. Verteilförderer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem Wagen (2) eine Antriebsscheibe (15) drehbar gelagert ist, deren Achse (14), z.B. über ein Kreuzge¬ lenk (13) in Λntriebsvcrbindung mit der Achse (12) der Tragplatte (5) steht, dass ferner an den Entladestellen mit der Antriebsscheibe (15) zwecks Drehung derselben zu¬ sammenwirkende Steuerschienen (18) angeordnet sind.2. Distribution conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that on the carriage (2) a drive disc (15) is rotatably mounted, the axis (14), e.g. Via a universal joint (13) in drive connection with the axis (12) of the support plate (5) there is further arranged control rails (18) which are arranged at the unloading points with the drive disc (15) for the purpose of rotating the same.
OMPI OMPI
3. Verteilförderer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschienen (18) längs der Förderbahn (1) an¬ geordnet sind und beim Durchlauf des Wagens (2) elektro- mechanisch oder magnetisch die Antriebsscheibe (15) ab¬ bremsen.3. Distribution conveyor according to claim 2, characterized in that the control rails (18) along the conveyor track (1) are arranged an¬ and brake the drive disc (15) electro-mechanically or magnetically when passing through the carriage (2).
4. Verteilförderer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Antrieb der Wagen (2) die Förderbahn (1) als Läufer eines elektrischen Linearmotors ausgebildet ist. 4. Distribution conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that for driving the carriage (2), the conveyor track (1) is designed as a rotor of an electric linear motor.
EP80902167A 1980-01-04 1980-11-17 Device for handling parcels Withdrawn EP0042839A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH38/80 1980-01-04
CH3880A CH642326A5 (en) 1980-01-04 1980-01-04 DISTRIBUTOR FOR PIECE.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0042839A1 true EP0042839A1 (en) 1982-01-06

Family

ID=4177923

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80902167A Withdrawn EP0042839A1 (en) 1980-01-04 1980-11-17 Device for handling parcels

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US4413721A (en)
EP (1) EP0042839A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0416371B2 (en)
AT (1) AT381081B (en)
AU (1) AU6489980A (en)
BE (1) BE886342A (en)
CH (1) CH642326A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3050102C2 (en)
DK (1) DK145662C (en)
ES (1) ES8202751A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2472956B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2078187A (en)
IT (1) IT1136229B (en)
NL (1) NL8020422A (en)
NO (1) NO153254C (en)
SE (1) SE429841B (en)
WO (1) WO1981001999A1 (en)

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SE8104469L (en) 1981-07-21
NL8020422A (en) 1981-10-01
DK145662C (en) 1983-07-04
CH642326A5 (en) 1984-04-13
DK145662B (en) 1983-01-17
IT1136229B (en) 1986-08-27
NO153254B (en) 1985-11-04
AU6489980A (en) 1981-08-07
NO812384L (en) 1981-07-23
JPS56501848A (en) 1981-12-17
FR2472956A1 (en) 1981-07-10
AT381081B (en) 1986-08-25
NO153254C (en) 1986-02-12
DK289181A (en) 1981-07-23
ATA911080A (en) 1986-01-15
FR2472956B1 (en) 1985-08-30
SE429841B (en) 1983-10-03
ES498283A0 (en) 1982-02-16
DE3050102C2 (en) 1989-02-23
IT8012763A0 (en) 1980-12-31
ES8202751A1 (en) 1982-02-16
BE886342A (en) 1981-03-16
JPH0416371B2 (en) 1992-03-23
US4413721A (en) 1983-11-08
DE3050102T1 (en) 1982-04-22
WO1981001999A1 (en) 1981-07-23
GB2078187A (en) 1982-01-06

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