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EP0038911B1 - Coin validating method and apparatus - Google Patents

Coin validating method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0038911B1
EP0038911B1 EP81101222A EP81101222A EP0038911B1 EP 0038911 B1 EP0038911 B1 EP 0038911B1 EP 81101222 A EP81101222 A EP 81101222A EP 81101222 A EP81101222 A EP 81101222A EP 0038911 B1 EP0038911 B1 EP 0038911B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coin
spring
electrical parameter
mass
track
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
EP81101222A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0038911A1 (en
Inventor
Manuel Ing. Vasconcelos
Karl Jauch
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Sodeco Saia AG
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Sodeco Saia AG
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Priority to AT81101222T priority Critical patent/ATE4150T1/en
Publication of EP0038911A1 publication Critical patent/EP0038911A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
    • G07D5/04—Testing the weight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for checking the authenticity of coins based on their mass of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and to a device for performing the method.
  • the object of the invention is to create a further device which also serves to check the authenticity of coins, but which can be produced very economically.
  • the invention is characterized in claim 1.
  • 1 means a career path along which a coin 2 or any token is accelerated under the action of a force P.
  • the track 1 is an inclined plane on which the coin 2 slides down, the force P accelerating the coin being a component of the weight G of the coin.
  • the lower end of the track 1 consists of a movable part 3, which is held in some way, for example by a magnetic armature, in its position as a track for the coin.
  • a spring as a buffer element in the present example a spring tongue 4 firmly clamped on one side, on the free end 5 of which the coin 2 sliding along the track acts.
  • a light barrier 9, z. B. a light emitting diode and a phototransistor whose beam path is interrupted by the coin. The time difference between the interruption of the light beam and the beginning of a deformation on the spring tongue 4 serves to determine the speed V of the coin 2.
  • a guide plate 10 for collecting the coins there are a guide plate 10 for collecting the coins and a flap 11 influenced by the good / bad decision of the device for returning the coins.
  • a flap 11 influenced by the good / bad decision of the device for returning the coins. In Fig. 1 this is drawn in the position for accepting a coin.
  • the movable part 3 is removed and the coin 2 no longer serves as a career.
  • the flap 11 is then also pivoted out and a coin 16 entered in this state falls directly into a return tray for withdrawing the money.
  • the movable part 3 forms the end of the track 1.
  • the first touch causes the measurement of the speed V together with the light barrier 9, and on the other hand this forms the command to remove the movable part 3.
  • the resilient spring tongue 4 drops the coin.
  • the sensors 7 and 8 measure the vibration of the spring tongue 4 generated by the coin.
  • the vibration is evaluated only via its first oscillation half-wave, that is, between the point in time t o at which a coin is located in the Spring tongue 4 in the rest position meets until the time t i , at which the spring tongue 4 passes through its rest position when springing back.
  • the mass m of the coin 2 then results from the relationship in which there is no plant-specific constant.
  • the evaluation is preferably carried out by a programmed computer. Based on predetermined limit values for m, the latter also decides whether a coin is to be accepted or rejected and, if the decision is positive, actuates the flap 11 within the flight time of the coin If the decision is negative, coin 16 falls directly into the return bowl.
  • the free end 5 of the spring tongue 4 has a Z-shaped kink and is blunt against the incoming coins Forms an angle, the apex 12 of which serves as a point of contact with the coins 2 and lies at the level of the center of gravity 13 thereof. This ensures that regardless of the position of the incoming square coins, their point of attack on the spring tongue 4 always takes place at the same location, namely at the apex 12, which reduces the scatter of the measured values.
  • the spring tongue 4 is arranged such that its longitudinal axis lies in a perpendicular and together with the raceway 1 forms a plane which is parallel to the planes formed by the two end faces of the coin 2 when sliding down, which is particularly space-saving advantageous is.
  • the longitudinal axis of the spring tongue 4 could, however, deviate from the figures, also run outside the last-mentioned planes and form an angle with them. In particular, it makes sense if the longitudinal axis is arranged horizontally, that is to say at a right angle to the planes mentioned. Such an arrangement allows the same spring tongue 4 to be used for coins with a round as well as with a polygonal circumference, because even in the second case the point of engagement of the coin on the spring tongue can only scatter within the narrow width of the spring tongue 4.
  • the device described is particularly suitable for use in coin-operated cash machines. Such are exposed to very large changes in ambient temperature, and it has been shown that the sensors 7, 8 described for scanning the spring travel are very insensitive in this regard. In addition, the device has no special tolerance requirements and can therefore be manufactured very cheaply.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)
  • Labeling Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)

Abstract

1. A process for testing the authenticity of coins by reference to their mass, wherein the coin to be tested is accelerated under the effect of a force along a track and then impinges against a buffer element from which it rebounds and is deflected into a coin box or a return dish, wherein an electrical parameter is detected by means of at least one sensor, and a value proportional to the mass of the coin can be determined from said electrical parameter, characterised in that the buffer element used comprises a spring (4) which is deflected and caused to oscillate by the coin (2) impinging thereagainst, that the spring travel of the spring (4) is detected by means of the sensor (7, 8) and converted into the electrical parameter (US ) and that the mass (m) of the coin (2) is deduced from the first half-wave of the oscillation of the electrical parameter (US ) in which the spring (4) is away from its rest position.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung von Münzen anhand ihrer Masse der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Art sowie auf eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for checking the authenticity of coins based on their mass of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and to a device for performing the method.

In Verkaufs- oder Dienstleistungsautomaten werden verschiedene Parameter an eingeworfenen Münzen gemessen, um Falsifikate von guten Münzen unterscheiden zu können und diese entweder durch Rückgabe abzulehnen oder als gut anzunehmen. Der wohl am meisten verwendete Parameter besteht in einer Gewichtskontrolle auf rein mechanischem Weg. Die zu prüfende Münze wird dabei meist auf einer Gleitbahn in eine Wägestellung gebracht, und je nach dem Ansprechen der Wägeeinrichtung wird zwischen gut oder schlecht entschieden. Dazu muss die Bewegung der Münzen auf ihrem Weg zur Kasse während des Wägens gestoppt werden. Solche Einrichtungen arbeiten daher langsam und sind aufwendig, denn es muss bei diesen zusätzlich dafür gesorgt werden, dass erst wieder eine zweite Münze eingegeben werden kann, wenn die erste fertig verarbeitet ist. Auch wird nicht unmittelbar ein elektrisches Signal geliefert, das direkt für den weiteren Steuerungsablauf verwendbar ist.In vending machines or service machines, various parameters are measured on inserted coins in order to be able to distinguish false certificates from good coins and either reject them by returning them or accept them as good. The probably most used parameter is a weight control in a purely mechanical way. The coin to be checked is usually brought into a weighing position on a slideway, and a decision is made between good or bad depending on the response of the weighing device. To do this, the movement of the coins on their way to the checkout must be stopped during weighing. Such devices therefore work slowly and are complex, since it must be additionally ensured that a second coin can only be inserted again when the first has been processed. An electrical signal that can be used directly for the further control process is also not delivered directly.

Darüberhinaus wurde schon vorgeschlagen, eine Münze durch deren Gewicht längs einer Laufbahn zu beschleunigen, deren Endgeschwindigkeit vor dem Aufprall auf eine Prallplatte, insbesondere ein Piezokristall-Element, zu messen und aus der Geschwindigkeit und einer integrierten Kraft/Zeit-Fläche die Masse der Münze zu bestimmen.In addition, it has already been proposed to accelerate a coin by its weight along a track, to measure its final speed before impact on a baffle plate, in particular a piezo crystal element, and to increase the mass of the coin from the speed and an integrated force / time area determine.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine weitere ebenfalls der Echtheitsprüfung von Münzen dienende, doch sehr wirtschaftlich herstellbare Einrichtung zu schaffen.The object of the invention is to create a further device which also serves to check the authenticity of coins, but which can be produced very economically.

Die Erfindung ist im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet.The invention is characterized in claim 1.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below.

Es bedeuten :

  • Figur 1 eine vereinfacht dargestellte erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung und
  • Figur 2 eine Variante.
It means:
  • Figure 1 is a simplified representation of the inventive device and
  • Figure 2 shows a variant.

In beiden Figuren bedeutet 1 eine Laufbahn, längs der eine Münze 2 oder irgend eine Wertmarke unter Einwirkung einer Kraft P beschleunigt wird. Im vorliegenden Beispiel ist die Laufbahn 1 eine schiefe Ebene, auf der die Münze 2 hinuntergleitet, wobei die die Münze beschleunigende Kraft P eine Komponente des Gewichtes G der Münze ist. Das untere Ende der Laufbahn 1 besteht aus einem beweglichen Teil 3, der in irgend einer Weise, beispielsweise durch einen Magnetanker, in seiner als Laufbahn für die Münze dienenden Stellung gehalten ist. Am Ende der Laufbahn 1 bzw. am Ende des beweglichen Teiles 3 befindet sich als Pufferelement eine Feder, im vorliegenden Beispiel eine einseitig fest eingespannte Federzunge 4, auf deren freies Ende 5 die der Laufbahn entlang gleitende Münze 2 einwirkt. Zwischen dem freien Ende 5 der Federzunge 4 und deren Einspannstelle 6 befinden sich zwei nur in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Sensoren 7 und 8, die zwischen sich einen Luftspalt bilden, in welchem sich die Federzunge 4 bei deren Verformung bewegt und damit eine elektrische Grösse Us als elektrisches Signal in einem Stromkreis beeinflusst. Diese Beeinflussung kann in irgend einer Weise, z. B. durch eine induktive oder kapazitive Kopplung oder duch eine Ausnützung des Hall-Effektes erfolgen.In both figures, 1 means a career path along which a coin 2 or any token is accelerated under the action of a force P. In the present example, the track 1 is an inclined plane on which the coin 2 slides down, the force P accelerating the coin being a component of the weight G of the coin. The lower end of the track 1 consists of a movable part 3, which is held in some way, for example by a magnetic armature, in its position as a track for the coin. At the end of the track 1 or at the end of the movable part 3 there is a spring as a buffer element, in the present example a spring tongue 4 firmly clamped on one side, on the free end 5 of which the coin 2 sliding along the track acts. Between the free end 5 of the spring tongue 4 and its clamping point 6 there are two sensors 7 and 8 only shown in FIG. 1, which form an air gap between them, in which the spring tongue 4 moves when it is deformed and thus an electrical variable U s influenced as an electrical signal in a circuit. This influence can be in any way, e.g. B. by an inductive or capacitive coupling or by utilizing the Hall effect.

Es könnte auch nur ein Sensor, z. B. 8 vorhanden sein, doch gibt die Differenzbildung ihrer beiden Signale eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeit.It could also be just one sensor, e.g. B. 8, but the difference between their two signals gives increased sensitivity.

In einem Abstand a von der Ruhestellung der Federzunge 4 entfernt befindet sich etwa im Zentrum der die Laufbahn 1 hinuntergleitenden Münzen eine Lichtschranke 9, z. B. eine Leuchtdiode und ein Phototransistor, deren Strahlengang von der Münze unterbrochen wird. Der zeitliche Unterschied zwischen der Unterbrechung des Lichtstrahles und dem Beginn einer Verformung an der Federzunge 4 dient zur Ermittlung der Geschwindigkeit V der Münze 2.At a distance a from the rest position of the spring tongue 4 is located approximately in the center of the coins sliding down the track 1, a light barrier 9, z. B. a light emitting diode and a phototransistor whose beam path is interrupted by the coin. The time difference between the interruption of the light beam and the beginning of a deformation on the spring tongue 4 serves to determine the speed V of the coin 2.

Unterhalb des beweglichen Teiles 3 befinden sich ein Leitblech 10 zur Einkassierung der Münzen und eine von der Gut/Schlecht-Entscheidung der Einrichtung beeinflusste Klappe 11 zur Rückgabe der Münzen. In der Fig. 1 ist diese in der Stellung für die Annahme einer Münze gezeichnet.Below the movable part 3 there are a guide plate 10 for collecting the coins and a flap 11 influenced by the good / bad decision of the device for returning the coins. In Fig. 1 this is drawn in the position for accepting a coin.

Ist die Einrichtung spannungslos, dann ist der bewegliche Teil 3 entfernt und dient der Münze 2 nicht mehr als Laufbahn. Auch die Klappe 11 ist dann ausgeschwenkt und eine in diesem Zustand eingegebene Münze 16 fällt direkt in eine Rückgabeschale zur Entnahme des Geldes.If the device is de-energized, the movable part 3 is removed and the coin 2 no longer serves as a career. The flap 11 is then also pivoted out and a coin 16 entered in this state falls directly into a return tray for withdrawing the money.

In betriebsbereitem Zustand bildet der bewegliche Teil 3 das Ende der Laufbahn 1. Eine eingeworfene Münze gleitet der Laufbahn 1 entlang, deckt die Lichtschranke 9 ab, trifft auf die Federzunge 4 auf und lenkt diese auf der Höhe ihres Berührungspunktes um einen ihrer Masse m und ihrer Geschwindigkeit V entsprechend grossen Betrag s aus, wie dies in der Fig. 1 gestrichelt dargestellt ist.In the operational state, the movable part 3 forms the end of the track 1. An inserted coin glides along the track 1, covers the light barrier 9, strikes the spring tongue 4 and directs it at the level of its contact point by one of its mass m and its Velocity V corresponding to the large amount s, as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1.

Die erste Berührung bewirkt einerseits zusammen mit der Lichtschranke 9 die Messung der Geschwindigkeit V, und andererseits bildet diese den Befehl zur Entfernung des beweglichen Teiles 3.The first touch, on the one hand, causes the measurement of the speed V together with the light barrier 9, and on the other hand this forms the command to remove the movable part 3.

Die zurückfedernde Federzunge 4 lässt die Münze nach unten fallen.The resilient spring tongue 4 drops the coin.

Zur Ermittlung der elektrischen Grösse Us messen die Sensoren 7 und 8 die von der Münze erzeugte Schwingung der Federzunge 4. Ausgewertet wird die Schwingung nur über deren erste Schwingungshalbwelle, das heisst zwischen dem Zeitpunkt to, an dem eine Münze an der sich in der Ruhestellung befindlichen Federzunge 4 eintrifft, bis zum Zeitpunkt ti, an dem die Federzunge 4 beim Zurückfedern ihre Ruhestellung wieder durchläuft. Die Masse m der Münze 2 ergibt sich dann nach der Beziehung

Figure imgb0001
in welcher Keine anlagespezifische Konstante ist.To determine the electrical variable U s , the sensors 7 and 8 measure the vibration of the spring tongue 4 generated by the coin. The vibration is evaluated only via its first oscillation half-wave, that is, between the point in time t o at which a coin is located in the Spring tongue 4 in the rest position meets until the time t i , at which the spring tongue 4 passes through its rest position when springing back. The mass m of the coin 2 then results from the relationship
Figure imgb0001
 in which there is no plant-specific constant.

Eine weitere, aufwandmässig sehr vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zur Bestimmung der Masse m einer Münze besteht darin, dass unter Verzicht auf die Messung der Geschwindigkeit V der Münze, einzig auf der elektrischen Grösse Us basierend, die Zeitdauer t = t, - to einer Schwingungshalbwelle ermittelt und daraus die Masse m der Münze 2 nach der Beziehung

Figure imgb0002
bestimmt wird, wobei c ebenfalls eine anlagespezifische Konstante ist.Another possibility, which is very advantageous in terms of expenditure, for determining the mass m of a coin consists in determining the duration t = t, - t o of an oscillation half-wave, without the measurement of the speed V of the coin, based solely on the electrical variable U s and from this the mass m of the coin 2 according to the relationship
Figure imgb0002
 is determined, where c is also a plant-specific constant.

Für beide Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung von m erfolgt die Auswertung vorzugsweise durch einen programmierten Rechner. An Hand vorgegebener Grenzwerte für m entscheidet dieser auch, ob eine Münze anzunehmen oder abzulehnen ist, und betätigt bei positiver Entscheidung innerhalb der Flugzeit der Münze die Klappe 11. Diese leitet dann eine anzunehmende Münze 15 entlang dem Leitblech 10 in eine Kasse, während eine abzulehnende Münze 16 bei negativem Entscheid direkt in die Rückgabeschale fällt.For both options for determining m, the evaluation is preferably carried out by a programmed computer. Based on predetermined limit values for m, the latter also decides whether a coin is to be accepted or rejected and, if the decision is positive, actuates the flap 11 within the flight time of the coin If the decision is negative, coin 16 falls directly into the return bowl.

Damit auch Münzen verarbeitet werden können, die keinen kreisförmigen Umfang aufweisen, also beispielsweise 7-eckige, ist es zweckmässig, wenn gemäss der Fig. 2 das freie Ende 5 der Federzunge 4 eine Z-förmige Knickung aufweist und einen gegen die eintreffenden Münzen gerichteten stumpfen Winkel bildet, dessen Scheitelpunkt 12 als Berührungsstelle mit den Münzen 2 dient und auf der Höhe von deren Schwerpunkt 13 liegt. Damit wird erreicht, dass unabhängig von der Lage der eintreffenden eckigen Münzen deren Angriffspunkt an der Federzunge 4 immer am gleichen Ort, nämlich am Scheitelpunkt 12 erfolgt, was die Streuung der Messwerte verkleinert.So that coins can also be processed that do not have a circular circumference, for example, 7-cornered, it is expedient if, according to FIG. 2, the free end 5 of the spring tongue 4 has a Z-shaped kink and is blunt against the incoming coins Forms an angle, the apex 12 of which serves as a point of contact with the coins 2 and lies at the level of the center of gravity 13 thereof. This ensures that regardless of the position of the incoming square coins, their point of attack on the spring tongue 4 always takes place at the same location, namely at the apex 12, which reduces the scatter of the measured values.

In der beschriebenen Einrichtung ist die Federzunge 4 so angeordnet, dass deren Längsachse in einer Lotrechten liegt und mit der Laufbahn 1 zusammen eine Ebene bildet, die parallel liegt zu den von den beiden Stirnflächen der Münze 2 beim Hinuntergleiten gebildeten Ebenen, was besonders raumsparend von Vorteil ist.In the described device, the spring tongue 4 is arranged such that its longitudinal axis lies in a perpendicular and together with the raceway 1 forms a plane which is parallel to the planes formed by the two end faces of the coin 2 when sliding down, which is particularly space-saving advantageous is.

Die Längsachse der Federzunge 4 könnte aber abweichend von den Figuren auch ausserhalb den zuletzt genannten Ebenen verlaufen und mit diesen einen Winkel bilden. Insbesondere ist es sinnvoll, wenn die Längsachse waagrecht, das heisst, in einem rechten Winkel zu den genannten Ebenen angeordnet ist. Eine solche Anordnung erlaubt es, die gleiche Federzunge 4 sowohl für Münzen mit rundem als auch mit mehreckigem Umfang zu verwenden, denn auch im zweiten Fall kann der Angriffspunkt der Münze an der Federzunge nur innerhalb der geringen Breite der Federzunge 4 streuen.The longitudinal axis of the spring tongue 4 could, however, deviate from the figures, also run outside the last-mentioned planes and form an angle with them. In particular, it makes sense if the longitudinal axis is arranged horizontally, that is to say at a right angle to the planes mentioned. Such an arrangement allows the same spring tongue 4 to be used for coins with a round as well as with a polygonal circumference, because even in the second case the point of engagement of the coin on the spring tongue can only scatter within the narrow width of the spring tongue 4.

Die beschriebene Einrichtung ist insbesondere geeignet für die Verwendung in Münzkassier-Telephonautomaten. Solche sind sehr grossen Umgebungstemperaturänderungen ausgesetzt, und es hat sich gezeigt, dass die beschriebenen Sensoren 7, 8 zur Abtastung des Federweges diesbezüglich sehr unempfindlich sind. Ausserdem stellt die Einrichtung keine besonderen Toleranz-Forderungen und kann daher sehr günstig hergestellt werden.The device described is particularly suitable for use in coin-operated cash machines. Such are exposed to very large changes in ambient temperature, and it has been shown that the sensors 7, 8 described for scanning the spring travel are very insensitive in this regard. In addition, the device has no special tolerance requirements and can therefore be manufactured very cheaply.

Claims (8)

1. A process for testing the authenticity of coins by reference to their mass, wherein the coin to be tested is accelerated under the effect of a force along a track and then impinges against a buffer element from which it rebounds and is deflected into a coin box or a return dish, wherein an electrical parameter is detected by means of at least one sensor, and a value proportional to the mass of the coin can be determined from said electrical parameter, characterised in that the buffer element used comprises a spring (4) which is deflected and caused to oscillate by the coin (2) impinging thereagainst, that the spring travel of the spring (4) is detected by means of the sensor (7, 8) and converted into the electrical parameter (U,) and that the mass (m) of the coin (2) is deduced from the first half-wave of the oscillation of the electrical parameter (Us) in which the spring (4) is away from its rest position.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the speed V of the coin (2) is determined and the mass m of the coin (2) is determined by integration of the electrical parameter Us with respect to time in accordance with the equation
Figure imgb0005
wherein K is a system-specific constant and the times to and t1 define the period of time for which the spring (4) is away from its rest position.
3. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the duration t of a half-wave of the oscillation is determined by means of the electrical parameter (Us) and therefrom the mass m of the coin (2) is determined in accordance with the equation
Figure imgb0006
wherein c is a system-specific constant.
4. A process according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that the force (P) which accelerates the coin (2) is the weight (G) thereof or a component of the weight (G) of the coin (2).
5. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that the track (1) is an inclined plane and the coin (2) slides down thereon.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that the spring is a spring blade member (4) which is fixedly gripped at one end, the coin (2) acting on the free end (5) of the spring blade member at the end of the track (1), and that there are two sensors (7, 8), in the air gap of which moves the spring blade member (4) upon deformation thereof, to influence the electrical parameter (Us)..
7. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to claim 2, characterised in that, for the purposes of determining the speed (V) of the coin (2) along the track (1), there is at least one light barrier means (9) for measuring the difference in time between the interruption of a light beam and the beginning of deformation at the spring blade member (4).
8. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that the free end (5) of the spring blade member (4) has a Z-shaped bend and forms an obtuse angle in the opposite direction to the impinging coins (2), the apex (12) of said angle constituting the point of contact with the coins (2) and being disposed at the height of the centre of gravity (13) of the coin (2).
EP81101222A 1980-04-28 1981-02-20 Coin validating method and apparatus Expired EP0038911B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81101222T ATE4150T1 (en) 1980-04-28 1981-02-20 PROCEDURE AND FACILITIES FOR CHECKING COINS AUTHENTICITY.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3263/80 1980-04-28
CH3263/80A CH647608A5 (en) 1980-04-28 1980-04-28 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CHECKING COINS FOR COURTNESS.

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EP0038911A1 EP0038911A1 (en) 1981-11-04
EP0038911B1 true EP0038911B1 (en) 1983-07-13

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AT (1) ATE4150T1 (en)
CH (1) CH647608A5 (en)
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DE3160582D1 (en) 1983-08-18
EP0038911A1 (en) 1981-11-04
ATE4150T1 (en) 1983-07-15
CH647608A5 (en) 1985-01-31

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