EP0031163B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la comparaison de motifs, en particulier des empreintes digitales - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour la comparaison de motifs, en particulier des empreintes digitales Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0031163B1 EP0031163B1 EP80108075A EP80108075A EP0031163B1 EP 0031163 B1 EP0031163 B1 EP 0031163B1 EP 80108075 A EP80108075 A EP 80108075A EP 80108075 A EP80108075 A EP 80108075A EP 0031163 B1 EP0031163 B1 EP 0031163B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- comparison
- fingerprint
- identification
- card
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/1365—Matching; Classification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
- G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
- G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
Definitions
- the comparison or checking criteria can be of various types; they can result from the overall signal obtained at the photoelectric converter (photoelectric detector), as an electrical quantity or as other information contained in this overall signal, for example the periodicity of the occurrence of correlation pulses and / or finally in the optical or electrical processing and evaluation of the Give signals.
- Another counterfeit possibility which could consist in moving the finger very quickly on the measuring prism to achieve identification pulses of sufficient size, for example lifting it off and putting it back on again, is countered by evaluating a signal from a return line that regulates the lamp brightness to constant evaluation brightness.
- each person who has a document carrier can prove that they are setting the authorized person to have this document carrier, because when using the document carrier they prove that the fingerprint on the document carrier shows that the fingerprint agrees, which it subjects to a comparison.
- this document carrier will only be spoken of as the card, which at a predetermined location also has a record of the fingerprint of the person who is carrying the card and is therefore authorized, as a result of which it is possible to carry out a large number of activities, business transactions and purchases with the help of Credit cards The like. To make absolutely forgery-proof, as well as to reserve access to buildings only authorized persons.
- the detector signal shown in its course in FIG. 3 occurs at the output of the amplifier 22 and is to be evaluated for identification.
- the basic oscillation signal SG is used to generate the percentage correlation signal, as shown in FIG. 6a, that is to say a correlation signal referred to below as -P / SG.
- a negative reference signal is obtained at its output, which is free of fundamental vibrations and therefore only has the main pulses and the high-frequency interference signal .
- the fundamental signal SG is again fed to an input of a downstream analog divider circuit 35, the other input of which is connected to the amplifier 34.
- a pulse at the output of the divider circuit 35 which, possibly after intermediate amplification at 36, is fed to a peak value detector 37, at whose output the desired correlation signal -P / SG then results.
- a circuit similar in comparison to FIG. 8 then also results for the generation of the -P / DC signal, the detector signal DS being fed in parallel to the input of a high-pass filter 43 and a low-pass filter 44.
- a DC voltage signal DC At the output of the low-pass filter 44, there is a DC voltage signal DC, which can also be regarded as decisive for the amplification, so that after a relationship has been established, another analog signal is generated
- Divider circuit 45, amplification at 46 and peak value detection at 47 which wins the output signal -P / DC indicating the ratio of the negative identity pulse to the DC voltage level.
- the time interval signal TA obtained by the block 27 can be generated, for example, with the aid of a time delay circuit, such as a monoflop, by triggering the monoflop with the peak pulse at one of the inputs of the peak value detectors 37, 41 or 41 'and the delay time up to Tilt back into the normal position in such a way that the next identification pulse as the peak value triggers the monoflop again before it has tipped back.
- the remaining of the monoflop in its metastable state is then to be understood as a GUT signal with regard to the time interval determination; in other words, the peak pulse arrives repeatedly within the time period T specified by the system.
- a time delay circuit such as a monoflop
- the peak value detectors 37, 41, 41 ' are designed such that a longer-lasting signal corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the peak pulse supplied at the input results at their outputs, so that the level of the output signal of the peak value detectors is a measure of that made by the respective circuit Statement about the ratio of the input variables compared with each other.
- a light level detection device 48 which generates a first signal LL, which indicates that the light level is correct, and a second signal FP, which indicates that the finger is in contact with the prism 5.
- the logic decision circuit 46 After all of these additional input signals have been found to be good, the logic decision circuit 46 generates information on three display devices 49 ', 50 and 51 which relate to the position of the inserted finger in the display device 49', namely whether the finger should be withdrawn or again on the prism is to be laid.
- the display device 50 is the output of the identification display, which can generate a good display or an indication that the identification has failed and is therefore rejected.
- the display device 51 indicates whether incorrect manipulation of the system as a whole has been determined.
- the logic decision circuit 46 derives the states resulting on the display devices 49 'and 51 mainly from the input signals of the elements 3, 47' and 48.
- the logic decision circuit is also assigned a time circuit 46a which synchronizes the synchronized timing of the individual events of the identification system, the output pulses of which can also be used to trigger the system associated with the sample and hold circuit 49 already mentioned above in a timely manner.
- This system comprises a comparator 60, the two inputs 60a, 60b of which each have the input and output of the sample and hold circuit 49 are connected, a driver circuit 61 connected downstream of the comparator 60 and a stepper motor 62.
- the object of this system is to adjust the geometrically optimal position of the fingerprint image obtained from the finger resting on the prism 5 with reference to the record 1 by mechanical readjustment.
- a finger guide 47 is provided for the finger 4, it cannot be ruled out that the finger may still be inserted somewhat obliquely or twisted and the search process with the aid of the motion finder or scanner 9 does aim for congruence, however, a slight inclination of the fingerprint image for recording or vice versa cannot be completely compensated for by this.
- the comparator 60 at whose input 60b the pulse originating from the previous measuring process is present and to whose input 60a the new identification pre-pulse is fed, causes a further adjustment movement of the card holder 3 by the stepping motor 62 in the direction originally taken a further optimization; otherwise, i.e. if the result has deteriorated, there is a rotational movement in the opposite direction.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention consists in the fact that different lighting conditions, which are caused, for example, by different blackening in the recording area of the card 2, by different coloring of the finger 4 or the like placed on it. result, is taken into account that a control circuit is provided, which adjusts the lamp brightness 6 via a connecting line 63 between the electronic evaluation circuit 13 and the lamp 6. If, for example, there is an overall too weak signal level at the output of the photodetector 12, this is mainly due to an excessive weakening of the light bundle performing the evaluation and the comparison, and the brightness of the lamp 6 is adjusted accordingly.
- a comparative threshold circuit can be provided at the output of the amplifier 22, which adjusts the amplification accordingly if the signal curve to be evaluated is too low.
- Another embodiment of the invention is based on the following consideration.
- the identification check guaranteed by the invention ensures that; that the fingerprint of the cardholder matches the recorded fingerprint of card 2 and therefore that holder is the sole authorized bearer of the card; However, it cannot be guaranteed that this card will, for example, give you access to rooms that belong to a company that also uses such a fingerprint comparison system, but that does not itself include credit cards that are forged or used in any other context will u. For such cases, additional distinction criteria are then required on the card, for example magnetic coding, infrared coding or the like. However, the invention offers a particularly elegant way out of this problem by carrying out an additional optical coding which is completely counterfeit-proof.
- the invention therefore also enables the comparison of positive or negative fingerprints with one another, that is to say in practice the comparison of two “cards” which have fingerprint recordings.
- This subsystem determines and checks whether the card belongs to the wearer; A supplementary embodiment in the same device determines whether the card belongs to the general checking system, which has an approximately parallel beam path in the illustration of FIG. 10 and can also use the existing drive means for the scanner or motion finder as a particular advantage.
- the beam path then continues to a lens 88 and to a second motion finder 89, which can be identical in construction to the first motion finder 79 and which can also use its drive motors 80 and 81, if one refrains from optically deflecting the beam path, for example, and through to let the first and then only scanner 79 run at all, which as an alternative is also within the scope of the invention.
- this scanning speed changes and is a function of the radius because, as described in the main application, the scanner, which consists of two wedge prisms that can be rotated relative to one another, operates at a constant angular speed, but this causes a different scanning speed when the radii change. Due to the relative rotation of the wedge prisms, the scanning takes place in the scanning plane (X-Y plane) in the form of a spiral moving towards the center (central area). The scanning in the edge area results in negative identification pulses, as shown overall in FIG.
- the identification can be made in an outer area of the spiral according to FIGS. 13a, 13b, then two areas result during a complete scanning cycle, which begins with the phase shift 0 between the two wedge prisms until the phase shift 0 ° is reached again (at 360 degrees) in which the identification pulses 14 can occur.
- These two areas which are designated 105a and 105b, are comparatively far apart and distant from the central scanning area 106. The reason for this can be seen in the fact that due to the relative positioning of the two wedge prisms during the fast, dynamic process, the same relative positions with respect to the beam deflection occur twice with every full scanning cycle, separated by the complementary position of the 180 degree phase shift, as can be readily seen.
- a further identification criterion then consists in evaluating the gradual increase in the amplitude of successive identification pulses when approaching the identification range by means of the spiral scanning and only permitting a GOOD display if each subsequent identification pulse increases or decreases monotonically, based on the previous.
- a counter can be provided which only allows such an output signal configuration at its outputs or if it is designed as a so-called Johnson counter generates a GOOD output signal only after receipt of a third successive identification pulse, the counter being preceded by a gate circuit which is open at intervals determined by the rotational speed (8 msec.), otherwise is blocked.
- the gate circuit can be controlled with the aid of a monostable element, which remains in its metastable state for a predetermined time interval, determined by the rotational speed of the prisms.
- the stored fingerprint and master symbol on the card are therefore completely indistinguishable from the large number of lines in this area;
- the testing device is capable of generating and evaluating corresponding identification pulses in the intended chronological order of the checking conditions, as will be explained below.
- the lighting system for the master symbol is designated by 132 in FIG. 17; the transparency of the master symbol, which is kept in the storage device in permanent storage, bears the reference number 133.
- the light from the LED 136 reaches the optical element 126 via the transparency 133, which according to a preferred exemplary embodiment is a so-called “beam splitter”, which in this case is then arranged stationary in the position shown by solid lines and deflects the striking bundle of master symbols at a right angle and feeds the further components 120 to 125.
- the scanning movement of the scanner 124 then results in the identity check and the congruent finding (coincidence) between the stored master symbol at 133 and the inserted master symbol 130 on the card 134.
- a first electrical signal results at the output of the detector 120, which is sent to the downstream electronic evaluation circuit 137 is supplied.
- the electronic evaluation circuit 137 is designed in such a way that, for a final GOOD display, two identification pulses recognized as correct in chronological order must be recorded and evaluated, the pulses coming from the master symbol check and the fingerprint check.
- the output signal of the detector 120 can be checked as described in detail above, the identification pulse resulting from the identity of the pattern being subjected to one or more of the different test criteria mentioned there.
- the electronic evaluation circuit 137 is designed or can contain a microprocessor which is not to be explained further below and which is programmed in such a way that the time sequence just described is carried out in the query of the individual examinations in the sequence comparison master symbol-fingerprint or vice versa.
- the optical element 126 can be a semitransparent mirror which allows part of the radiation incident on it to pass unhindered and reflects part in accordance with the optical laws. Therefore, this optical element 126 can be used without changes in position for performing both measurements with the illumination system 128 and 132; However, it is also possible to design the element 126 as a real mirror, which is arranged in the solid position when the master symbol corresponds to the lighting system 132 and for the fingerprint comparison check from the beam path into the dashed position 126 ' in the direction of the arrow.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention consists in making the representation of the master symbol in the optically superimposed image 130, 131 on the card 134 particularly transparent and transparent, that is to say basically indistinct, since, due to the immutability of the boundary conditions that result from the comparison, there are - always compared two stored and thus temporally invariant patterns with each other - always an identification pulse of sufficient quality with clear agreement results.
- this Reason and because of the overlay, even if you do without the additional distortion options explained above, even an image capture of the master symbol is excluded, even if you get a real card with superimposed master symbol and fingerprint representation.
- the master symbol can be, for example, another fingerprint picture, which can come from a manager of the respective company to which the cards belong. This then results in completely intertwined and confused lines of the superimposed representation on the map, the isolation of which is impossible, but which should be isolated for a forgery, since the device carries out the check in a time-separated sequence, as just described, clearly and unambiguously the presence of the master symbol on the one hand and the matching of the fingerprints on the other hand.
- a further measure for improved discrimination, also for security against counterfeiting and generally in order to make better use of the options and alternatives of the device, is to work with light of different wavelengths, for example polychromatic illumination, but monochromatic detection. Detectors, which only respond to light irradiation of certain wavelengths or wavelength bands are known; the use of relatively monochromatic detectors and / or light sources therefore results in even better possibilities for discrimination and evaluation.
- fingerprints can also be stored by digital means, for example using the known ROM or RAM, whereby such a digitally stored fingerprint would first have to be converted into an analog reference frame before the comparison, which is also to be made optically here again, is then carried out.
- the storage can therefore be carried out in analog or digital form, and the comparison is then presented in the analog form.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Image Input (AREA)
- Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
Claims (57)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80108075T ATE29931T1 (de) | 1979-12-24 | 1980-12-20 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung eines vergleichs gegebener muster, insbesondere fingerabdruecke. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2952402A DE2952402C2 (de) | 1979-12-24 | 1979-12-24 | Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Vergleichs von Fingerabdrücken |
DE2952402 | 1979-12-24 | ||
DE3018998 | 1980-05-19 | ||
DE3018998A DE3018998C2 (de) | 1980-05-19 | 1980-05-19 | Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Vergleichs von Fingerabdrücken |
DE3044881A DE3044881C2 (de) | 1980-11-28 | 1980-11-28 | Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Vergleichs von Fingerabdrücken |
DE3044881 | 1980-11-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0031163A2 EP0031163A2 (fr) | 1981-07-01 |
EP0031163A3 EP0031163A3 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
EP0031163B1 true EP0031163B1 (fr) | 1987-09-23 |
Family
ID=27188377
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80108075A Expired EP0031163B1 (fr) | 1979-12-24 | 1980-12-20 | Procédé et dispositif pour la comparaison de motifs, en particulier des empreintes digitales |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4414684A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0031163B1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR8008503A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1169970A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3072034D1 (fr) |
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US3202761A (en) * | 1960-10-14 | 1965-08-24 | Bulova Res And Dev Lab Inc | Waveform identification system |
US3383657A (en) * | 1965-05-28 | 1968-05-14 | Ibm | Personnel security system having personally carried card with fingerprint identification |
US3398558A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1968-08-27 | Benenati Salvatore | Fingerprint control system |
US3511571A (en) * | 1966-02-28 | 1970-05-12 | Hugh Malcolm Ogle | Method and apparatus for comparing patterns |
US3694240A (en) * | 1970-08-14 | 1972-09-26 | Sibany Mfg Corp | Fingerprint identification system and method |
US3947128A (en) * | 1974-04-19 | 1976-03-30 | Zvi Weinberger | Pattern comparison |
US3928842A (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1975-12-23 | Veriprint Systems Corp | Fingerprint comparator |
US4048618A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1977-09-13 | The Raymond Lee Organization, Inc. | Method of identifying a check signer |
CA1087735A (fr) * | 1978-07-28 | 1980-10-14 | Szymon Szwarcbier | Procede et appareil d'identification d'un individu |
-
1980
- 1980-12-20 EP EP80108075A patent/EP0031163B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-12-20 DE DE8080108075T patent/DE3072034D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-12-23 BR BR8008503A patent/BR8008503A/pt unknown
- 1980-12-23 CA CA000367438A patent/CA1169970A/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-12-24 US US06/219,802 patent/US4414684A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4414684A (en) | 1983-11-08 |
DE3072034D1 (en) | 1987-10-29 |
BR8008503A (pt) | 1981-07-21 |
EP0031163A3 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
EP0031163A2 (fr) | 1981-07-01 |
CA1169970A (fr) | 1984-06-26 |
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