EP0018356B1 - Method of moist stacking shaped articles, apparatus for carrying out this method, and covering for the shaped articles to be stacked in this apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The invention first relates to a method for wet stacking of molded articles from a gradually hardening, hydraulically bound material, such as concrete, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such moldings are known to be stacked in stacks as part of their industrial production and they are left in these stacks until they have hardened sufficiently on base plates until they can then be removed from these base plates in the hardened state and brought to the finished goods store.

The quality of such moldings, in particular their strength, can be significantly improved by storing them in an air-conditioned atmosphere during the hardening phase. For this purpose, the moldings have been placed, for example, in so-called hardening chambers, but their manufacture and operation cause considerable costs.

It is also already known to guide the moldings after their production in a circulating process by means of a continuous conveyor through a closed structure, which as such embodies a climate chamber of a larger size, but this procedure and the system required for this are with even higher, the production burden Cost and energy costs connected.

For example, a system designed to accelerate the setting of precast concrete parts has become known from German Offenlegungsschrift 2,431,298, which comprises an elongated tunnel, the ceiling of which is designed as a track for movable pallets in the conveying direction, initially a working platform for formworking and shaping the precast concrete parts resting on these pallets forms and then includes an area in which these finished parts are covered with heated hoods during their conveyance and fed to a lifting platform arranged at the end of the tunnel. After lifting off the hoods and stripping the finished parts in the area of this lifting platform, the finished parts are covered again with these hoods and pass through the interior of the tunnel in the opposite direction of conveyance until they are finally tipped from the pallets at the other end and finally removed.

According to a method previously known from German Offenlegungsschrift 1 953 963, prefabricated concrete parts are manufactured in formwork, which are then placed in droves on top of one another on mobile carriages. A heated hood is then placed over a stack of such formwork and the carriages are moved in a train along a track and a current-carrying rail, via which current is supplied to the hoods, until the concrete has set sufficiently.

However, all of these systems have a large space requirement for the promotion to be carried out during the air conditioning and are therefore very expensive to operate; Their performance is largely dependent on the size of the energy used for heating, or on the length of the conveying path available, which determines the duration of the air conditioning, and on the conveying speed, and is therefore limited in terms of costs.

The object of the present invention is to develop a method which can be carried out with a comparatively much lower cost and energy expenditure and with a minimum of mechanical equipment, but is nevertheless largely automated, and which therefore does not require complex erection of halls and such structures can also run undisturbed under the influence of the weather.

Such a method, which can also be used outdoors, is already part of the prior art. The moldings lying individually or in groups on documents were brought from a conveyor to a storage location immediately after they were formed and stored there in batches parallel to one another, next to and on top of one another, in stacks until they had at least partially hardened. The stacking was carried out by a stacking conveyor equipped with a long goods gripper, to which a cross conveyor was assigned, which delivered the freshly produced moldings to the stacking conveyor, which took over these moldings in droves.

In this known method, however, the atmosphere to which the moldings were exposed was not in any way intended to be air-conditioned; rather, these moldings - provided that their piles were in the open - were fully exposed to the weather and their quality could suffer considerably as a result.

The same applies to even more primitive systems, in which the documents loaded with freshly produced moldings were brought on a cable conveyor to stacks formed to the side of this conveyor and were stacked by a stacking conveyor which was movable along the cable conveyor and ran transversely to it. In this previously known system, too, air conditioning of the moldings during the hardening process was neither provided nor feasible.

In contrast, the present invention, which is based on a method of the aforementioned known type, according to the characterizing part of claim 1, provides that the moldings of the coulters forming the stack within this stack are enclosed in climate-forming covers and the the next higher coulters are placed on these covers in the stack.

These covers can be dimensioned for individual moldings or their documents or also for a group of moldings in each case, but preferably within the scope of the invention it is contemplated to provide a common cover for a complete set of moldings.

The solution according to the invention provides numerous technical and economic advantages. In addition to the fact that the construction and maintenance of your own stationary climate chambers can be dispensed with, it is thanks to the covers, if they are designed to be sufficiently load-bearing, that much higher stacks than hitherto unhardened moldings can be formed and thus saving stack space; accordingly, the conveyance paths from the paver to the stack or from the stack to a storage facility are reduced.

Regardless of the fact that the method according to the invention can be used outdoors, that is to say no expensive halls and the like. Buildings need to be erected, an excellent quality of the moldings or finished products can be guaranteed, because the moldings remain completely undisturbed immediately after their manufacture until the end of the hardening phase and under permanently favorable climatic conditions in the atmosphere limited by the cover, in particular there is no loss of moisture or loss of setting heat.

However, the method according to the invention is also extremely economical with regard to the delivery services to be provided; the funding routes can be reduced to a minimum if the process steps are rationally coordinated with the necessary manipulations.

• - zur Abdeckung frischer Formlinge wiederverwendet werden, bevor dann diese frischgefertigten Formlinge dem Stapel zugeführt und die erhärteten Formlinge abbefördert werden (Anspruch 2).

After the molded articles have hardened, their cover can be removed and immediately - in the area of the stack

• - Reused to cover fresh moldings before these freshly produced moldings are fed to the stack and the hardened moldings are removed (claim 2).

It is furthermore very advantageous that within the scope of the method according to the invention the picking up and depositing of the shaped pieces and the lifting and putting on of the covers can be carried out in succession from one and the same stack conveyor movable transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shaped pieces (claim 3). .

Advantageously, the moldings brought by the paver to the pile of coulters are conveyed in a direction parallel to the coulter coulters already in stock to one of the end faces of this stack, the documents arriving in the area, each occupied with freshly manufactured coulters, successively arriving to form and complete the individual coulters this end face collected below a stack conveyor and lined up lined up and then placed as a complete coulter on the stack (claim 4).

In connection with the method according to the invention, the invention also extends to a system for carrying it out according to the preamble of claim 5.

This system is characterized by a shaped paver with a feeder assigned to it for the documents to be covered with freshly formed shaped pieces and a conveyor which conveys the documents to the pile of coulters, which leads to a below the stack conveyor equipped with a long goods gripper located collection point arranged in the area of one of the strinsides of the stack, and there the rows of documents arriving one after the other are arranged in rows to run across the conveyor path of this stack conveyor.

Likewise, below the stack conveyor is a takeover point at which a conveyor, which also runs transversely to the conveying path of this stacking conveyor and serves to transport away hardened moldings and separates their documents, is provided, which documents these documents from a stacking device removing these moldings or the documents thus emptied for reuse feeds the molding machine as a feeder (claim 6).

The proximity of the collection point to the takeover point has the advantage that the reuse of the covers requires only little effort: in the takeover point they are removed from the fully hardened moldings and placed on the freshly produced moldings in the adjacent collection point.

Further features of such a system are explained below with reference to drawings.

Understandably, such a system also includes the covers already mentioned which form climatic chambers and with which the freshly produced, not yet hardened moldings can be covered either individually, in groups or — preferably — in groups.

The invention also extends to the formation of such covers; This training is also explained below for the sake of clarity with reference to the drawings. It is advantageous to equip these covers with heat-insulating and moisture-tight walls in order to prevent heat losses or moisture losses and to allow the covers to be fully effective as climatic chambers.

• Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf die Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung, die
• Fig. ist eine Seitenansicht bzw. ein Teilschnitt eines aus Formlings-Scharen gebildeten Stapels mit den zugehörigen Abdeckungen, die
• Fig. 3 ist eine Längsansicht, bzw. teilweise ein Längsschnitt einer einzelnen mit Formlingen belegten Unterlage und der auf diese Formlinge aufgesetzten Abdeckung, die
• Fig. 4 bis 6 schließlich zeigen in schematischen Querschnitten weitere Ausführungsvarianten von Abdeckungen.

In the drawings shows the

• Fig. 1 is a plan view of the system in a schematic representation
• Fig. Is a side view and a partial section of a stack formed from mold coulters with the associated covers, the
• Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view, or partially a longitudinal section of an individual pad covered with moldings and the cover placed on these moldings, the
• 4 to 6 show, in schematic cross sections, further design variants of covers.

1, a molded paver 1 of any type known per se is provided, which the moldings on documents 2, z. B. wooden pallets, manufactures and stores, which are brought to him by a feeder 3. A conveyor 4 brings the freshly formed moldings 5 on their documents 2 to the pile stack, which is generally designated 6. This conveyor 4 leads to a collecting point 9 below the stacking conveyor 7 which is equipped with a long goods gripper (not shown, known per se) and which is movable along the rails 8. This stacking conveyor 7 can equally be a gantry crane or also a traveling crane that can be moved along high rails, in any case any type of construction suitable as a stacking conveyor.

The collecting point 9 is located below the stack conveyor 7 in the area of one of the end faces of the stack of shares 6. At this collecting point 9, the documents 2 arriving there one after the other with the fresh moldings 5 located thereon are lined up in groups, which run across the rails 8 of the stack conveyor 7. This stacking conveyor 7 can in each case grasp, lift, convey to the stack 6 and deposit on this stack a complete set of documents with shaped articles located thereon with its long goods gripper.

For the sake of simplicity, neither the individual moldings nor their covers are shown in stack 6.

Likewise, below the stack conveyor 7 there is also a generally designated 10 take-over point, at which a conveyor 11, which also runs transversely to the rails 8 of the conveyor 7 and serves to transport away hardened moldings 5 'and separates their documents 2, is provided, which one Documents 2 feeds a stacking device 12 removing these moldings 5 'or the documents 2 thus discharged to the manufacturer 1 for reuse. The stacking device 12 forms - as usual - stacks of the finished moldings for the purpose of storing or shipping.

The covers which are not evident from FIG. 1 and which are essential to the invention are illustrated - only for example - in FIGS. 2 and 3 and consist of a steel frame which is equipped on the inside with wall-forming insulating plates 14 and embodies a hood which is open at the bottom and which embodies the Documents 2, e.g. B. can be placed on a pallet that carries the molding or a group or a group of moldings.

The frame 13 of such a cover is sufficiently load-bearing so that - as shown in FIG. 2 - a number of other documents loaded with moldings 5 and in turn carrying covers can be stacked to a considerable height. The frame 13 of the cover can also be provided with supports 13 'in order to allow the next higher support 2 to be supported in a solid and non-slip manner; if necessary, the supports 13 'can cooperate in a form-fitting manner with the supports of the covers located above or below them in order to completely rule out a risk of slipping.

The uppermost open frame can optionally be closed with an empty base 2 'or another plate to form a cover.

• Grundsätzlich könnte eine solche Abdeckung aus einem tragfähigen Rahmen allein bestehen, wobei die Klimakammer im Stapel jeweils durch die oberhalb und unterhalb eines solchen Rahmens zu liegen kommenden Unterlagen 2 der Formlinge begrenzt und abgeschlossen würde; lediglich die im Stapel oberste Kammer bedürfte dann an ihrer offenen Oberseite eines plattenförmigen Elementes zum Abschluß (Fig. 2), bei den übrigen Scharen würde sich der Abschluß allein durch die Unterlagen der jeweils im Stapel benachbarten Formlings-Scharen von selbst ergeben.

With regard to the design of the covers, there are many possibilities within the scope of the invention, only a few of which are illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 4 to 6:

• In principle, such a cover could consist of a load-bearing frame alone, the climatic chamber in the stack being limited and closed by the documents 2 of the moldings to be located above and below such a frame; only the uppermost chamber in the stack would then need a plate-shaped element at the top (Fig. 2), for the remaining coulters the closure would result automatically from the documents of the mold coulters adjacent to the stack.

On the other hand, it is also conceivable to form the cover from a load-bearing hood which is closed at the top and on the top of which the underlays of the next higher group of moldings can be removed

Finally, in the context of the invention, the cover could consist of a load-bearing hood closed at the top, on the top of which the documents of the next higher group of moldings can be removed.

Furthermore, in the context of the invention, the cover could also be embodied by a support serving for the storage and transport of the moldings 5, which is itself designed as a hood or trough, i. H. Has side walls that close the space to an adjacent same base plate and delimit a climate chamber.

In all of these cases, a cover according to the invention fulfills an original and technically valuable double function: on the one hand, it acts as a solid spacer and as a stacking aid for the stacked documents, while securing the moldings against pressure loads, and on the other hand, it limits a closed, as a climatic chamber for these moldings usable cavity.

4 shows a cover that consists of one of edged profiles 13 formed frame, which has support 13 'for an overlying, moldings 5 supporting pad 2, which closes the open top of the frame loosely and thus allows the frame to act as a cover. The next lower base 2 with the moldings 5 located thereon is located in the chamber formed thereby.

5 shows in principle a hood-shaped, z. B. made of synthetic resin cover 15, on the flat top, the base 2 of the next higher group of moldings 5 is removable.

Fig. 6 finally shows a likewise hood-shaped cover, in which the base 2 itself embodies part of the cover and carries on its underside firmly connected profiles 16, which together with the base 2 as a frame as the climatic chamber for the moldings 5 enclose a suitable room. These profiles 16 can also be equipped with suitable supports 13 'to facilitate stacking.

Likewise, such documents could also form a trough with the open side facing upwards, the profiles being connected to the top of the underlay.

Of course, the details of the invention can be modified in many ways and can be expanded without departing from the basic idea. For example, stacks 6 of moldings can be arranged on both sides of the collection point 9 and the takeover point 10 and can be fed by a common stacking conveyor 7.

• Die im Fertiger 1 fertiggestellten, aber noch nicht erhärteten Formlinge 5, z. B. einzelne Formlinge, in Einzelelemente teilbare Formlinge oder Formlingsgruppen, werden auf den vom Zubringer 3 zugeführten Unterlagen 2 abgesetzt und vom Förderer 4 in den Bereich der Sammelstelle 9 gebracht, wo sie satt mit den Kanten der Unterlagen 2 aneinanderliegen und solcherart eine geschlossene Schar von Unterlagen 2 mit daraufliegenden Formlingen 5 bilden.

The sequence of the method according to the invention in the context of the illustrated and explained system results as follows:

• The finished in the paver 1, but not yet hardened moldings 5, z. B. individual moldings, moldings or groups of moldings that can be divided into individual elements, are deposited on the documents 2 supplied by the feeder 3 and brought by the conveyor 4 into the area of the collecting point 9, where they abut one another with the edges of the documents 2 and thus form a closed group of Form documents 2 with moldings 5 lying thereon.

As soon as such a coulter has been completed, the long goods gripper of the stacking conveyor 7 detects in the takeover point 10 the cover (not shown) (FIGS. 6 to 6) of a coulter of already hardened moldings 5 ', which covers the culling which has just been completed in the collection point 9 Set of freshly made, not yet hardened moldings 5 and then place the covered set at a predetermined point in the set stack 6.

In the meantime, the conveyor 11 conveys the documents 2 with the hardened moldings 5 'resting thereon, one after the other, from the takeover point 10 to the stacking device 12, which removes the moldings 5' from the documents 2 and stacks them outside the conveying path of the conveyor 11, for removal or loaded. The unloaded documents 2 are conveyed on by the conveyor 11 and are returned to the paver 1 via the feeder 3 for reuse.

Now the stack conveyor 7 detects a new set of moldings 5 resting on their documents 2, which has already hardened in the stack 6 and brings this set together with its cover into the takeover point 10 on the conveyor 11.

During this time, the documents 2 supplied by the paver 1 and covered with freshly produced moldings 5 collect into a new group and the processes described above are repeated.

Claims (12)

1. Method of moist stacking shaped articles (5) consisting of gradually hardening, hydraulically compounded material as concrete in the course of which shaped articles applied in groups or single on underlays (2) are transported by a conveyor (4) immediately after moulding to a depot and are there stacked in longitudinal, parallel, abreast and superimposedly arranged hosts in a stack and stored until at least partially hardened, characterized by the fact that the hosts forming shaped articles (5) making up the stack (6) are within this stack enclosed in climatic chambers forming covers (Fig. 2-6) and that the directly superimposed hosts of shaped articles within this stack are applied on these covers.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that after hardening of the shaped articles which form a host, its covering is removed and re-used for covering fresh shaped articles, and that the host of fresh shaped articles (5) is then conveyed to the stack (6) and the host of hardened shaped articles (5') is evacuated.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that picking up and storing of the hosts formed by shaped articles and removing and applying of coverings (Fig. 2-6) are accomplished by the very same stack conveyor (7) which is laterally moveable to the longitudinal direction of the hosts formed by the shaped articles.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the shaped parts, conveyed to the host stack (6) by the moulder (1) are transported in a direction parallel to the already stored hosts of shaped articles to one or the other front of this stack (6), in course of which to form and complete each host the successively arriving underlays (2) paved with fresh shaped articles (5) are collected in the area of these fronts below the stack conveyor (7) ordered close against one another and afterwards forming a completed host dropped on the stack (6).

5. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 4 with a moulder (1) and a conveyor (4) to transport the fresh shaped articles (5), applied in groups or single on underlays (2) to a depot where they are stacked by a stack conveyor (7) in longitudinal, parallel, abreast and superimposedly arranged hosts in a stack (6) and stored until at least partly hardened, characterized by the fact that the moulder (1) is associated with a feeder (3) for the coverings (2), applied with fresh shaped articles (5) and that the conveyor (4), transporting the applied underlays (2) to a collecting area located at one or the other front of the stack under the stack conveyor which is equiped with a gripping device for long goods and lines the successively arriving underlays (2) close against one another in hosts laterally ordered to the conveyor track of the stack conveyor (7).

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by a transfer area (10) likewise located under the stack conveyor (7), at which is provided a conveyor (11), likewise laterally directed to the conveyor track of the stack conveyor (7), serving for removal of hardened shaped parts (5') and seperation of their underlays (2) which transports by a stacking device, removing these shaped articles (5') or by a feeder (3) the underlays (2) for re-use to the moulder.

7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by coverings (Fig. 2 to 6) forming climatic chambers, with which are covered the fresh or not yet hardened shaped articles (5) in groups, single or preferably in hosts.

8. Covering for shaped articles to be stacked in an apparatus according to claim (7), characterized by the fact that it consists of a resistent frame (13), trough or similar devices on the open top side of which is applied at least one plate-like element (2, 2'), preferably the underlay (2) of one directly superimposed host of shaped articles (5) of the stack (6), serving as its closing (Fig. 4).

9. Covering according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the frame consisting of edgewise standing structural iron (13) or similar devices showing a support, e. g. a joggle, flange or similar for supporting or slide protection respectively (Fig. 4).

10. Covering for shaped articles (5) to be stacked in an apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that it consists of a resistant bonnet (15) closed on the top side on which top side is applicable the underlay (2) of the directly superimposed host of shaped articles forming the stack (6) (Fig. 5).

11. Covering according to one of the claims 8 to 10, characterized by the fact that it is formed by an underlay-plate (2) itself, serving for storage and transport of the shaped articles (5, 5'), shaped like a bonnet ortrough (Fig. 6).

12. Covering according to one of the claims 8 to 11, characterized by the fact that it shows heat insolating wall (14) or wallparts respectively (Fig. 6).

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