EA046442B1 - REACTOR FOR WASTE TREATMENT DEVICE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to devices for recycling waste in solid and/or liquid states, in particular to devices for recycling using the method of plasma-chemical destruction.

There is a known complex for processing solid organic waste according to RF patent No. 2741004 (published on January 22, 2021), in which, using a high-temperature plasma reactor using water vapor as a plasma-forming gas, with a temperature in the reaction zone of the order of 1600-2000°C, solid organic waste is processed by their steam plasma gasification to produce synthesis gas.

The disadvantage of the reactor is the incomplete processing of solid organic waste, since the result of processing is synthesis gas, which is also subject to disposal, as well as the impossibility of processing inorganic substances present in municipal solid waste.

The technical result to which the invention is aimed is the creation of a reactor that ensures the destruction of both organic and inorganic substances included in solid and/or liquid household waste.

The technical result is achieved in a reactor in the form of a closed cavity, made with an inlet connected to a waste supply device, and with an outlet for removing gaseous destruction products, while the internal surfaces of the cavity are partially or completely conductive, and an electrode isolated from them is introduced into the reactor , connected to a source of high-voltage voltage pulses, and the size of the gap between the electrode and the conducting surfaces of the cavity ensures the formation of corona discharge plasma streamers.

It is preferable to make the electrode cylindrical and with a pointed end.

It is preferable to make the electrode from steel.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the cavity is coated with a conductive water-containing liquid.

It is preferable to make the gap between the electrode and at least one of the sections of the conductive internal surfaces of the cavity, or the surface of the conductive aqueous liquid covering such a section, from the range of 5-50 mm.

It is preferable to make the conductive sections of the internal surfaces of the cavity from steel or other metal, and with grounding.

In one embodiment, the internal non-conductive surfaces of the cavity can be made with a protective coating of a dielectric.

In one embodiment, the cylindrical electrode is equipped with petals made in the form of steel strips, fixed on it with short sides, with long sides facing the electrode and located at an angle towards it towards its pointed end.

It is preferable to select the angle between the steel petals and the electrode axis from the range of 2060°.

It is preferable to use 3 to 6 steel petals.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the cavity is made flat and conductive, and the cylindrical electrode is located with a gap perpendicular to it.

In one embodiment, parallel to the bottom, a steel grid with a hole for a cylindrical electrode is fixed parallel to the bottom on insulators attached to it, and made with a gap around it, and the free ends of the petals rest on insulators fixed to the grid

It is preferable to make a gap around the cylindrical electrode in the range of 3-10 mm, but smaller than the gap between its tip and the conductive bottom.

It is preferable to make the reactor with the pressure inside it reduced by 0.1-1 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

In one embodiment, the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by connecting an electrostatic filter with an exhaust air fan to the outlet.

It is preferable to implement the reactor with limited air supply.

In one embodiment, the restriction of air supply is ensured by a wad blocking the entrance to the reactor, pre-formed by pressing waste before feeding it into the reactor.

The invention is illustrated by the figure.

The figure shows a vertical cross-section of the reactor, where 1 is the reactor body with an internal cavity, 2 is the inlet, 3 is the outlet, 4 is the inner surface of the reactor cavity, 5 is the conductive sections of the inner surface of the reactor cavity, 6 is a pointed electrode, 7 insulators, 8 - source of high-voltage pulses, 9 - electrode tip, 10 - conductive bottom of the reactor, 11 - device for dosed supply of recyclable waste, 12 - electrostatic filter with an exhaust air fan.

The invention can be implemented in a reactor, in the housing 1 of which there is an inlet hole 2 connected to a device 11 for dosed supply of recyclable solid and/or liquid waste, designed to limit the flow of air into the reactor, and an outlet hole 3 for removing gaseous destruction products, connected to electrostatic filter

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Claims (9)

three, equipped with an exhaust air fan, and sections 5 of the inner surface of the cavity of the housing 1 and the bottom 10 are made of steel, while through the insulator 7, an electrode 6 is inserted into the cavity of the housing 1, connected to the source of high-voltage pulses 8, and the tip 9 of the electrode 6 is located with a gap 20 mm relative to the conductive bottom 10 of the reactor vessel 1. The device works as follows. Electrode 6 is supplied with high-voltage pulses from source 8, while, as is known from source [1], with each pulse, a large number of streamers appear between the tip 9 of electrode 6, which begin to multiply and spread to the conductive bottom 10 of housing 1, gradually filling interelectrode gap and forming a corona discharge. After this, for example, a portion of compressed solid household waste is supplied to the device through the inlet 2 from the device for dosed supply of recyclable waste 11, with the restriction of the passage of atmospheric air into the housing 1 when supplied through the hole 2. The corona discharge plasma acts on the water contained in the incoming waste. waste, causing the formation of free radicals when the water molecule H2O ^ OH· + H· is destroyed. In addition, other active substances O3, O2(a,A) are also formed in the reactor under the influence of corona pulse discharge streamers. H2O2, OH, O(3P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3. Corona discharge is also a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These active substances and UV radiation have a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the processed waste, leading to their destruction with the formation of harmless gaseous reaction products - water and carbon dioxide. The inorganic components of the waste are destroyed by the acids HNO2 and HNO3, which are formed in the reactor under the influence of a corona discharge. The process of oxidation of organic substances in water is a chain reaction [2]. A low-speed chain reaction can be initiated by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. At high speed, the chain reaction is initiated by OH· radicals. That is, the device carries out plasma-chemical destruction of both organic and inorganic substances present in the waste. And gaseous destruction products enter the outlet of the reactor. Thus, the device achieves the stated technical result in the form of plasma-chemical destruction of both organic and inorganic substances present in household waste. 1. A reactor for a waste processing device, made in the form of a closed cavity, made with an inlet connected to a waste supply device, and with an outlet for removing gaseous destruction products, characterized in that the internal surfaces of the cavity are partially or completely made conductive, and in In the reactor, an electrode isolated from them is introduced, connected to a source of high-voltage voltage pulses, and the size of the gap between the electrode and the conducting surfaces of the cavity ensures the formation of plasma streamers of a pulsed corona discharge when high-voltage pulses are applied to the electrode. [1] . Aristova N.A., Piskarev I.M., Ivanovsky A.V., Selemir V.D., Spirov G.M., Shlepkin S.I. Initiation of chemical reactions under the influence of an electric discharge in a solid dielectric - gas - liquid system. // Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2004. T. 78. No. 7. P. 1326-1331. 2. A reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode is cylindrical and has a pointed end. [2]. Piskarev I.M. Redox processes in water initiated by an electrical discharge above its surface. //Journal of General Chemistry. 2001. T. 71. Issue 10. S. 1622. CLAIM 3. A reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode is made of steel. 4. A reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the cavity is covered with a conductive water-containing liquid. 5. The reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the electrode and at least one of the sections of the conductive internal surfaces of the cavity is made in size from 5 mm to 50 mm. 6. The reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the gap between the electrode and the surface of the conductive water-containing liquid covering the area of the conductive inner surface of the cavity is made in size from 5 to 50 mm. 7. A reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive sections of the internal surfaces of the cavity are made of steel or other metal and are grounded. 8. The reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal non-conducting surfaces of the cavity can be made with a protective coating of a dielectric. 9. The reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical electrode is equipped with petals made in the form of steel strips, fixed on it with short sides, with long sides facing the electrode and located at an angle to it away from the electrode. -