EA027200B1 - Shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to engineering industry and is used preferably in railway transport. The invention is aimed at improving shock absorber workability. A shock absorber (Fig. 1) comprises a housing 2, filled with compactible liquid elastomer 3 into which a rod 4 with a piston 5 is submerged. From one side the inner cavity of the housing is tightly closed by a cover 6, from the other side by a cover 7 with a cup-type seal 8. A piston stroke guide 9 is mounted in the housing in which through channels 10 are made and through which a part 11 of the rod 4 is passed. The inner cavity of the housing is separated by the piston to a part 12 between the piston and the cover 7 and to a part 13 between the piston and a piston guide able to change the volume of these parts depending on the piston position. A movable circular valve 14 and a limiter of its run 15 are also provided. Through conical channels 16 are made in the piston, communicating said parts 12 and 13 of the housing inner cavity therebetween. A collar 17 is made on the cover 7 end. Slots 18 are made on the part 11 of the rod. Recesses 19 are made in the piston in the form of a circular cavity with a conical surface. The collar 17 forms therein a similar recess 20. The shock absorber can be installed, for example, in the design of a device absorbing the impact energy for a damping system of a railway train. It is usually arranged on a support plate and is enclosed by a friction clip of a railway coupling. The shock absorber is designed so as to regulate and set volume of the liquid elastomer 3 in the part 12 in the initial rod position by thrusting the shock absorber cover 6 to the support plate of the absorbing device, the run of which is limited by the friction clip of the railway coupling.

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and relates mainly to apparatus used in rail transport to absorb shock energy.

Known shock absorber [1], comprising a housing filled with a compressible liquid elastomer, in which a rod with a piston is immersed. In this case, the piston is equipped with channels communicating the rod and rodless cavities of the housing. The piston is also equipped with a chamber with a check valve through which it is filled with an elastomer. The check valve is made in the form of a movable element, which is located between the end of the rod and the limiter of its movement. The non-return valve closes the inlet and outlet of the housing with various delays in the forward and reverse stroke of the piston rod.

However, the design of such a shock absorber is not reliable enough and, moreover, it has little ability to manipulate its output characteristics by absorbing shock energy, which determines the insufficient universality of the shock absorber application.

More reliable and versatile is the shock absorber selected for the prototype of the invention [2], comprising a housing filled with a compressible liquid elastomer and a piston rod immersed in it. The internal cavity of the body of such a shock absorber is tightly closed on both sides by means of covers. The internal cavity of the housing is filled with a filler in the form of a pre-compressed elastomer, in which the piston rod with its piston is immersed. The piston rod is directed outward through a cover equipped with a guide and a sealing collar.

A piston stroke guide is installed in the housing of this shock absorber, through which the lower part of the rod is passed and in which through channels are made. In the initial position of the rod, its piston divides the internal cavity of the shock absorber body into two parts: between the piston and the cover provided with a cuff, and also between the piston and the piston stroke guide. These parts change their volume depending on the position of the piston, in the bore of which on the side of the piston stroke guide there is a movable annular valve and its stroke limiter fixed inside the said piston bore.

In addition, through-holes are made in the piston, communicating through their throttle portions parts of the internal cavity of the housing. Through holes through channels perpendicular to them are in communication with a cylindrical groove made on the inner surface of the housing. One of the parts of the internal cavity of the shock absorber may have a torus or conical section located next to the cover provided with a cuff, or a combined section, which consists of two hollow cones connected by an annular groove.

Also, near the lid provided with a cuff, said portions of the internal cavity may be missing. In this case, their function is performed by a flowing elongated channel made in the housing, communicated through a radial cut in the piston with the throttle portion of the through hole.

However, the disadvantage of this device is that in the actual design of the shock absorbers produced according to the prototype [2] in the aforementioned small part of the inner cavity of the housing there is less than 5% of the liquid elastomer. Therefore, at low ambient temperatures, a liquid elastomer located in a small part of the internal cavity of the body, at the initial position of the rod can significantly reduce its fluidity, which will lead to incomplete return of the rod to its original position and, accordingly, to a disruption in the operating characteristics of the shock absorber when a load is applied to its rod.

In addition, due to the above-described structural design of the elements inside the piston, which increases the flow resistance of the liquid elastomer, its flow is difficult during the reverse stroke, which reduces the energy consumption of the shock absorber and aggravates the disadvantage described above, which worsens the performance of the shock absorber at subzero temperatures.

For example, the stock of such an apparatus, which has developed more than 50% of the resource, in the cold at - 60 ° C after the application of a significant shock load on its full stroke returns to its original position by less than 90%.

Another drawback of the shock absorber [2] is the insufficient tightness of its rod in the cap due to the short base of its lip seal, which can lead to leakage of the liquid elastomer of the shock absorber and its performance, and even lead to inoperability of another product in which such a shock absorber set.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to obtain a technical result for improving its performance by increasing the volume of liquid elastomer between the piston and the cap with cuff seals of the shock absorber in its initial position, by reducing the resistance to the flow of liquid elastomer through the structural elements of the housing and by lengthening the cuff part of the said cover.

The problem is solved in that the shock absorber comprising a housing filled with a compressible liquid elastomer and a rod with a piston immersed in it, while the internal cavity of the housing is tightly closed on one side by means of a cover and, on the other hand, by means of a cover with lip seal, an insert is installed in the housing that guides the stroke of the piston, in which through channels are made and through which a part of the rod is passed, in addition, in the initial position of the rod by its piston, the internal cavity of the housing is divided into a part between a piston and a cap with a 1 027 200 lip seal and on the part between the piston and the insert guiding the piston stroke, with the possibility of changing the volume of these parts depending on the position of the piston, while a movable ring valve is located between the piston and the insert guiding the piston stroke its stroke limiter mounted on the piston, providing an arrangement of a movable annular valve between its stroke limiter and through channels made in the piston, communicating with each other the mentioned parts of the internal cavity of the housing, with the possibility of overlapping this message by closing the movable annular valve with the communication of the through channels with a part of the internal cavity of the housing between the piston and the insert guiding the piston stroke, in addition, at least one recess is made in the piston from the cap side with a lip seal, supplementing the volume of liquid elastomer in the part of the internal the cavity of the housing between the piston and the cover with a lip seal has distinctive features: in the cover with a lip seal on the piston side, at least one recess is made, at volume in the initial position of the rod with this recess, a part of the internal cavity of the housing between the piston and the lip with a lip seal and a depression in the piston from the side of this cover, a total volume of liquid elastomer of at least 5% of its total volume in the internal cavity of the housing, between the covers, including total volume.

The said implementation of the recess in the inner cavity of the housing is aimed at increasing the number and, accordingly, the volume of liquid elastomer when it is compressed in the stage of the return stroke of the shock absorber. This will facilitate the flow of the liquid elastomer at low temperatures, since the formation of the flow paths of the thickened and clumping elastomer at low temperatures will occur better from the cavity in front of the cover with lip seal than in the similar cavity of the shock absorber body according to the prototype [2], in which such a cavity is smaller volume.

In addition, this distinguishing feature in combination with other distinctive features will also improve the flow of liquid elastomer from one part of the internal cavity to another. All this will improve the performance of the shock absorber, especially at low ambient temperatures.

Additional distinguishing features of the invention, which can also improve the performance of the shock absorber:

at the end of the cap with a lip seal on the piston side there is a shoulder forming a recess;

at least one recess is also made in the piston from the side of the movable annular valve;

the depression in the piston is made in the form of an annular cavity with a conical surface in its cross section;

a movable annular valve and a piston stroke limiter are placed on the stem from the side of the insert guiding the piston stroke;

a movable annular valve and a piston stroke limiter are placed on the piston in its recess from the side of the insert guiding the piston stroke;

the through channels in the piston are conical;

at least one longitudinal groove is made on the part of the rod passed through the insert guiding the stroke of the piston;

in the case of installing a shock absorber in a device that absorbs impact energy, which is located on a plate and covered by a traction clamp of a railway coupling, the shock absorber is configured to adjust and set the volume of liquid elastomer in the part of the cavity between the piston and the cap with lip seal in the initial position of the rod by abutting the shock absorber cover into the plate of the apparatus absorbing impact energy, the course of which is limited by the traction clamp of the railway coupling.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 and 2 show general views of embodiments of the shock absorber in the initial position of its rod; in FIG. 3 is a general view of the shock absorber of FIG. 1 in the design of an apparatus that absorbs impact energy; in FIG. 4 is the same as in FIG. 3, but in the final position of the shock absorber rod under the action of the load applied to it; in FIG. 5 is a general view of the installation of the absorbing apparatus of FIG. 3 in a train damping system.

The shock absorber 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) comprises a housing 2 filled with a compressible liquid elastomer 3, in which a rod 4 with a piston 5 is immersed. In this case, the internal cavity of the housing 1 is tightly closed on one side by means of a cover 6, and on the other hand, by means of a cover 7 with lip seal

8. In the housing 2, a stroke guide 9 of the piston 5 is installed, in which through channels 10 are made and through which the rod part 11 is passed 4. In the initial position of the rod 4 by its piston 5, the internal cavity of the housing 2 is divided into part 12 between the piston 5 and the cover 7 sec lip seals 8 and to part 13 between the piston 5 and its guide 9, with the possibility of changing its volume depending on the position of the piston 5 (Fig. 3, 4).

On the side of the stroke guide 9 of the piston 5, a movable annular valve 14 and its stroke limiter 15 are located. In the piston 5, through conical channels 16 are made, communicating with each other the mentioned parts 12 and 13 of the internal cavity of the housing 2.

On the piston side 5 at the end of the cover 7 with lip seals 8 a shoulder 17 is made.

- 2 027200

On part 11 of the rod 4, passed through the stroke limiter 9 of the piston 5, at least one longitudinal groove 18 is made, for example, in the form of a slot in other similar splines.

A recess 19 is made in the piston 5 from the side of the movable annular valve 14, which is also made in the piston 5 from the side of the cover 7 with a lip seal 8, which supplements the volume of liquid elastomer 3 in part 12 of the internal cavity of the housing between the piston 5 and the cover 7 with a lip seal 8. In this case, the shoulder 17, made from the piston 5 at the end of the cap 7 with lip seals 8, forms such a recess 19 there.

This allows you to create the volume of the liquid elastomer 3 located there in the initial position of the piston 5 of not less than 5% of its total volume in the shock absorber 1.

Such a volume of liquid elastomer 3 can be increased by the fact that at least one recess 20 will also be made in the cap with a lip seal on the piston side.

The said recesses 19 in the piston 5 and the recess 20 in the cover 7 with a lip seal 8 are made in the form of an annular cavity with a conical surface.

Instead of a recess 20, separate openings (not shown) can be made in the lid 7. Moreover, the recess 20 can be both an addition to the cavity 12, and this cavity itself (not shown) in the initial position of the piston 5, which forms the entire piston volume of the elastomer 3 in this place of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1.

The liquid elastomer 3 is pumped under pressure into the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1 (Fig. 1 and 2) through a ball valve 21.

The shock absorber 1 can be installed in various products that perceive shock loads. For example, in the design of the apparatus 22 (Fig. 3), which absorbs impact energy in the damping system of the train (Fig. 5). Moreover, the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1 is mounted on a plate 23 of the housing of the apparatus 22, which is connected with the pressure piston 26 with the help of pins 24 and nuts 25, with the possibility of free passage of the holes 27 of this piston through the pins 24.

The initial position of the rod 4 with the piston 5 of the shock absorber 1 in this case (Fig. 3), and therefore the volume of the part 12 of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1, on which the initial amount of liquid elastomer 3 in this part 12 depends, is adjusted by rotation and fixing nuts 25 over studs 24.

The apparatus 22 (Fig. 3), absorbing impact energy, can be installed (Fig. 5) through a thrust pin 28 in the traction collar 29 of the automatic coupler 30 of the carriage 31 of the railway damping system. Moreover, the wedge 32 of this coupling through the thrust plate 33 is in contact with the pressure piston 26 of the apparatus 22.

The shock absorber (Fig. 1) in the apparatus 22, which absorbs impact energy (Fig. 3.4), which is installed in the traction collar 29 (Fig. 5) of the automatic coupling 30 of the car 31, works as follows.

The impact from the automatic coupling 30 (Fig. 5) of the car 31 is transmitted through the automatic coupling wedge 3 to the thrust plate 33. As a result, the pressure piston 26 moves to the apparatus body 22 simultaneously with the rod 4 with the piston 5 (Fig. 4) of the shock absorber 1 until it stops its body 2. In this case, the movable annular valve 14 (Fig. 4) closes the message of the parts 12 and 13 of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1 under the action of an instant increase in pressure of the compressible liquid elastomer 3 in the cavity 13 and in the space behind it through the through channels 10 of the travel guide 9 pistons 5.

The quenching of the energy of such a shock occurs due to the flow of the liquid elastomer 3 from the cavity 12 to the cavity 13 only through the throttle gap (not indicated due to its small size) between the piston 5 and the body 2 of the shock absorber 1.

At the end of the stroke of the rod 4 (Fig. 4) with the piston 5 of the shock absorber 1, the residual impact of the shock damped by the shock absorber 1, already of significantly reduced force, is transmitted directly to the carriage frame 31 (Fig. 5).

After that, by removing the load on the rod 4 (Fig. 4) under the influence of the residual pressure of the liquid elastomer 3 on the piston 5, the rod 4 is returned to its original position, and due to the opening of the ring valve 14 (Fig. 3) when equalizing the elastomer pressure in parts 12 , 13 of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1, the piston 5 with the rod 4 returns to its original position, at which the pressure piston 26 of the apparatus 22 also moves to its original position (Fig. 3).

The mentioned distribution of liquid elastomer 3, at least 5% in part 12 of the internal cavity of the housing 2 of the shock absorber 1, allows you to increase the amount of elastomer 3 when it is compressed in the reverse stroke stage 4 of the shock absorber 1. This will facilitate this flow of this fluid at low ambient temperatures will ultimately provide improved damping of the shock load attributable to the frame of the car 31 (Fig. 5).

Information sources:

1. Patent РЬ 122000 (В1), IPC Р16Р7 / 12; P16P9 / 30; P16P9 / 516, priority 1979.11.08, published 1982.06.30.

2. Patent РЬ 170036 (В1), IPC Р16Р9 / 30; P16P9 / 346, priority 1993.04.28, published 1996.10.31 (prototype).

Claims (9)

1. A shock absorber (1) comprising a housing (2) filled with a compressible liquid elastomer (3) and a rod (4) immersed in it with a piston (5), while the internal cavity of the housing (2) is tightly closed on one side by a cover (6), and on the other hand, by means of a cover (7) with lip seal (8), moreover, an insert (9) is installed in the body (2), guiding the piston stroke (5), in which through channels (10) and through which is missing part (11) of the rod (4), in addition, in the initial position of the rod (4) by its piston (5), the internal cavity of the housing (2) is divided into part (12) m between the piston (5) and the cover (7) with a lip seal (8) and on the part (13) between the piston (5) and the insert (9) guiding the piston stroke (5), with the possibility of changing the volume of these parts (12, 13 ) depending on the position of the piston (5), while between the piston (5) and the insert (9) that directs the piston stroke (5), a movable annular valve (14) and its travel stop (15) are mounted on the piston (5) ), ensuring the location of the movable annular valve (14) between the limiter (15) of its stroke and the through channels (16) made in the piston (5), communicating with each other the smallest parts (12, 13) of the internal cavity of the housing (2), with the possibility of overlapping this message by closing the movable ring valve (14) of the communication of the through channels (16) with the part (13) of the internal cavity of the housing (2) between the piston (5) and an insert (9) guiding the stroke of the piston (5), in addition, at least one recess (19) is made in the piston (5) from the side of the cap (7) with lip seal (8), supplementing the volume of liquid elastomer (3) in part (12) the internal cavity of the housing (2) between the piston (5) and the cover (7) with a lip seal (8), characterized in that in the cover (7) with a lip seal (8) on the piston side (5), at least one recess (20) is made, while in the initial position of the rod (4) this recess (20), part (12) of the internal cavity of the housing (2) between the piston (5) and the cap (7) with a lip seal (8) and a recess (19) in the piston (5) from the side of this cap (7) form a total volume of liquid elastomer (3) of at least 5% of its total volume in the inner the cavity of the housing (2) between the covers (6, 7), including said total volume. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that at the end of the cover (7) with a lip seal (8) on the piston side (5) there is a collar (17) forming a recess (20). 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one recess (19) is also made in the piston (5) on the side of the movable annular valve (14). 4. The shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the recess (19) in the piston (5) is made in the form of an annular cavity with a conical surface in its cross section. 5. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable annular valve (14) and the limiter (15) of the piston stroke (5) are placed on the rod (4) from the side of the insert (9) guiding the piston stroke (5). 6. The shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the movable annular valve (14) and the limiter (15) of the piston stroke (5) are placed on the piston (5) in its recess (19) from the side of the insert (9) guiding the piston stroke (5). 7. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the through channels (16) in the piston (5) are conical. 8. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one longitudinal groove (18) is made on the part (11) of the rod (4) passed through the insert (9) guiding the piston stroke (5). 9. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of installing a shock absorber (1) in an apparatus (22) that absorbs impact energy, which is located on the plate (23) and covered by a traction clamp (29) of a railway coupling (30), a shock absorber (1) is configured to adjust and set the volume of liquid elastomer (3) in the cavity part (12) between the piston (5) and the cap (7) with lip seal (8) in the initial position of the rod (4) by stopping the shock absorber cover in the plate (23) apparatus (22), absorbing impact energy, the course of which is limited by the traction clamp (29) of the railway folders