EA020876B1 - Solid fuel boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to industrial heat power engineering and can be used in a boiler plants, e.g. in heat supply systems of different-purpose industrial and domestic facilities. The technical result is aimed at simplifying design, improving operation reliability and service convenience and characterized in that a furnace chamber comprises a heat-exchange cylindrical-shaped casing 4 and a triangular insert 5 of cylindrical form arranged thereon along helix and a rectangular-shaped afterburners 8 with windows 9 having stationary screens 10 arranged at an acute angle to the casing vertical wall. Such design provides to burn any solid fuel, to control burning process for a long time without changing design thereof and to secure easy access service while using all boiler elements.

Description

(57) The invention relates to industrial heat and power engineering and can be used in boiler plants, for example, heat supply systems, for the production of hot water for industrial needs in various fields of the national economy. An object of the invention is to simplify the device, increase the reliability and ease of maintenance, which is achieved due to the fact that the combustion chamber is equipped with a heat exchange groom 4 and made of a cylindrical shape with a triangular insert 5 placed on it along a helical line and rectangular burners 8 with windows made 9, equipped with fixed peaks 10, placed at an acute angle to the vertical wall of the latter. Such an embodiment of the device makes it possible to burn any solid fuel, to control it for a long time without changing the design, while providing easy access to the operation of all elements of the boiler.

020 876 ΒΙ

020876 B1

The invention relates to industrial heat and power and can be used in boiler plants, for example heat supply systems, for the production of hot water for industrial needs in various fields of the national economy.

A well-known vertical boiler (see ed. St. No. 87075, M. Cl. P24H 1/00, Bull. No. 21, 1964), which is a vertical two-body cylinder, overlapped on top by a two-body cover. The gap between the walls of the vertical cylinder and the walls of the ceiling is the jacket space in which the heated water is located.

A coil is placed inside the cylinder, which is the firing part of the boiler. The coil also contains heated water.

The well-known solid fuel boiler Stropuva (see \\ uy \ u.ko1e151 goruua.gi) is a cylindrical shape in which the furnace is located on top. A controlled air heater is also located here, which gradually falls down as solid fuel burns out and always keeps on hot wood in the center of combustion.

In addition, a solid fuel boiler of long burning by the Ameriks company is known for the KENDL model (see \ y \\ yu.1sr1o-sot.gi). which is a cylindrical tank filled with solid fuel, a firebox with an air heating system with exhaust smoke and an air distributor in the combustion zone, which can drop below and always stay at the level of burning fuel in the combustion zone.

A disadvantage of the known devices is the imperfection of the boiler start-up system, the complexity of the equipment for regulating the ignition of the fuel and maintaining stable combustion of solid fuel, because the fuel is always below the level of the combustion zone, and this does not contribute to the self-maintenance of the level of gas generation of the coolant and requires additional elements for the formation and maintenance of the level of combustion and heat transfer to the heat consumption objects — space heating or water heating.

The closest technical solution in terms of the set of features and the achieved positive effect (prototype) is the Buleryan heating furnace (see ### L1_1] ap.gi), which is a horizontally located cylindrical furnace with a furnace and numerous pipes welded into it and around the perimeter, providing compulsory convention and heating of air and its smooth and uniform distribution throughout the room when warm air rises and colder air is constantly sucked from the floor, since neither the lower part of the pipes is open, and each pipe in contact with the outer surface of the cylindrical part of the furnace, in contact with the furnace provides heating in them, while the air temperature is regulated by a regulator located on the furnace door and a gas generator regulator located on the smoke pipe.

A disadvantage of the known device is the design complexity in providing the heating mode of the air and maintaining the gasification mode of the incoming gas into the ejectors of the furnace for complete liquefaction of the gas, despite the relatively high efficiency.

An object of the invention is to simplify the device, increase the reliability and ease of maintenance in work, which is achieved due to the fact that the solid fuel boiler is made of a cylindrical shape with an air-water jacket for placement of water for heating or air for heating the room, i.e. It is a double-walled tank for accommodating a liquid or gaseous coolant, which is a boiler body. In turn, the inner part is equipped with a casing for the placement of solid fuel - coal or wood residues. A triangular insert with a minimum gap between the inner wall of the boiler and the outer triangular insert of the casing is fixed along the outer perimeter along a helical line. Rectangular fuel burners are fixed below the casing above the firebox with made windows and rigidly installed flaps at an acute angle to the vertical side of the afterburner. Afterburners are mounted on the grate above the ash pan and fuel pan. The lower part of the body is equipped with a nozzle with an adjustable damper for air supply during the fuel combustion period. The boiler assembly is placed on racks rigidly mounted on the housing.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 - general view of a solid fuel heating boiler, section; FIG. 2 - a casing for loading fuel;

FIG. 3 - afterburner fuel; FIG. 4 - grate;

FIG. 5 - a tray for fuel ignition; FIG. 6 - ash pan; FIG. 7 - boiler cover; FIG. 8 - section of the boiler.

The device includes a cylindrical boiler body 1 with inlet 2 and outlet 3 pipes for the coolant. Inside the boiler body 1 there is a casing 4 in the shape of the boiler body 1, on the outside of which the guide 5 of the combustion product stream is fixedly fixed along the generatrix, made of a triangular shape with a varying angle of inclination and minimal gaps between the inner cylindrical wall of the boiler 1 and direct it 5.

In the upper part of the boiler body 1 there is a chimney 6 with a capacity of 7 for collecting condensate. In addition, below the casing 4 along the perimeter of the boiler 1 there are installed burners of fuel 8 of a rectangular shape with windows 9 and fixed shutters 10 placed above them, preventing accidental ingress of solid combustion products - coal or wood. Below the afterburner of fuel 8 there is a grate 11 made of two adjacent gratings rotatably mounted on the axis 12 and fixedly mounted on the control handle 13 of the grates 11 located on the outside of the boiler body 1. In turn, the boiler body 1 is placed and rigidly mounted on the racks 14. Under the grates 11, a cylindrical tray 15 is mounted on which the sleeve 16 is fixedly mounted for mounting on the rack 14 with the possibility of rotation around the rack 14 at the time of ignition and ash removal. On the outside, the pallet 15 is equipped with a nozzle 17 with a shutter for regulating the supply of additional air, providing the process of fuel combustion. A container 18 is installed inside the pallet 15 for collecting residues of combustion products - an ash pan, in the center of which a pipe 19 with an opening for additional air supply and final afterburning of the combustion products located under the grates 11 after cleaning the latter is placed.

The boiler body 1 is closed from above by a hermetically sealed lid 20 pivotally mounted on an arm 21 and provided with a locking device 22.

The device operates as follows.

After loading the casing 4 with solid fuel, the latter is closed tightly by a cover 20 with a locking device 22, that is, the boiler is ready for operation. In turn, the ash pan 19 is loaded with fuel and is kindled. As the firing up, the pan 15 with the ash pan 19 moves around the rack 14 into the combustion zone of the boiler under the grates 11, followed by air supply through the pipe 17 with a shutter for regulating the supply of additional air. The opening and closing of the damper is controlled so that the gas temperature at the outlet of the chimney does not exceed the condensation temperature, that is, the temperature is below room temperature.

Such a design of the boiler device makes it possible to burn almost any solid loose and other combustible materials, including peat, sawdust, coal, control the boiler for a long time with the possibility of heating without changing the design in a wide temperature range and for a long period of time with periodic loading of the boiler after 7-10 days, without waiting for the complete combustion of the fuel, while ensuring easy access to the operation of all elements of the boiler.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A solid fuel boiler, comprising a cylindrical body with a combustion chamber, in which a heat exchange section with inlet and outlet flues is located, characterized in that the heat exchange section is made in the form of a cylindrical shell, equipped with a triangular insert located along a helical line around the shell, and rectangular burners with made windows, equipped with fixed peaks, placed at an acute angle to the vertical wall of the afterburner, and the casing of the heat exchange section is located afterburners over so that the products of combustion received from the converters to the outer surface of the housing.