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DK172441B1 - Two-stage ammonia converter with at least one catalyst bed and at least one internally arranged heat exchanger - Google Patents

Two-stage ammonia converter with at least one catalyst bed and at least one internally arranged heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
DK172441B1
DK172441B1 DK198800501A DK50188A DK172441B1 DK 172441 B1 DK172441 B1 DK 172441B1 DK 198800501 A DK198800501 A DK 198800501A DK 50188 A DK50188 A DK 50188A DK 172441 B1 DK172441 B1 DK 172441B1
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
catalyst bed
tubes
ammonia converter
stage ammonia
Prior art date
Application number
DK198800501A
Other languages
Danish (da)
Other versions
DK50188A (en
DK50188D0 (en
Inventor
Hans-Dieter Marsch
Klaus-Juergen Mundo
Original Assignee
Uhde Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uhde Gmbh filed Critical Uhde Gmbh
Publication of DK50188D0 publication Critical patent/DK50188D0/en
Publication of DK50188A publication Critical patent/DK50188A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK172441B1 publication Critical patent/DK172441B1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0407—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0415—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00203—Coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B01J2208/00221—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

In a two-stage ammonia converter containing at least one catalyst bed arranged in the pressure housing in annular fashion and a heat exchanger which can be flowed through by the reaction gas and is arranged centrally in the interior with respect to said bed, a solution is to be provided with which especially the guiding of the heat exchanger pipes, optimisation, decoupling of the length of the heat exchanger from the height of the catalyst bed and even a more favourable transmission of heat are achievable, where, in particular, a solution which is simple in construction terms should be found. This is achieved by constructing the heat exchanger (5) as a single-plate heat exchanger having heat exchanger tubes (6) arranged centrally in a plate (7) in a U-shaped manner, the side tubes of the U-tubes being arranged centrally for the inlet and being arranged on the circumference for the outlet. <IMAGE>

Description

DK 172441 B1DK 172441 B1

Opfindelsen angår en totrinsammoniakkonverter med mindst et ringformet katalysatorleje, der er anbragt i trykbeholderen, og med en varmeveksler, som er anbragt centralt indvendigt i katalysatorlejet, og som kan gennemstrømmes af reaktionsgas.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a two-stage ammonia converter having at least one annular catalyst bed disposed in the pressure vessel and having a heat exchanger located centrally inside the catalyst bed which can be flowed through reaction gas.

5 Der kendes totrinsammoniakkonvertere af forskellig konstruktion. Således viser DE offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 27 10 247 en sådan konverter i forskellige opbygninger, hvilket også fremgår af DE offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 31 46 778. De kendte varmevekslere har det til fælles, at gassen tilføres 10 det indre gennem et koncentrisk rør i varmeveksleren, og derefter føres via passende tilbagestrømsrør til forvarmning af det første katalysatorleje, for at gennemstrømme dette og i det mindste delvis afgive reaktionsvarmen, som er opstået i varmeveksleren.5 Two-stage ammonia converters of different construction are known. Thus, DE Publication No. 27 10 247 discloses such a converter in various constructions, as also disclosed in DE Publication No. 31 46 778. The known heat exchangers have in common that the gas is supplied to the interior through a concentric tube in the heat exchanger, and then passed through appropriate back flow tubes to preheat the first catalyst bed to flow through it and at least partially release the reaction heat generated in the heat exchanger.

15 Det har vist sig, afhængigt af konstruktion og føring af gassen, at et centralt placeret rør med meget stort tværsnit ikke giver et optimalt resultat.15 It has been found, depending on the construction and guidance of the gas, that a centrally located pipe of very large cross-section does not produce an optimal result.

Formålet med opfindelsen er, ved den direkte føring af varmevekslerrørene at optimere og opnå en gunstigere varmeoverfø-20 ring, og at tilvejebringe en enkel konstruktiv opbygning.The object of the invention is to optimize and obtain a more favorable heat transfer by the direct routing of the heat exchanger tubes and to provide a simple constructive structure.

Dette opnås med en totrinsammoniakkonverter af den indledningsvise angivne art, der er ejendommelig ved, at varmeveksleren er opbygget som en enke 1 tbunds varme veks ler med U-formede varmevekslerrør, der er anbragt i en bund, og at U-røre-25 nes rørben er anbragt med indløbet ved midten og udløbet ved periferien.This is achieved with a two-stage ammonia converter of the kind initially provided, characterized in that the heat exchanger is constructed as a single 1-tonne heat exchanger with U-shaped heat exchanger tubes housed in a bottom and the tubes of the U-tubes 25 is arranged with the inlet at the center and the outlet at the periphery.

De U-formede varmevekslerrør er i og for sig kendt. Det primære ved den her omtalte radialt opbyggede totrinsammoniakkonverter er fordelen, at de allerede indvendigt placerede 30 varmevekslerrør, som fører gassen nedefter, kan udnyttes til varmeveksler. Den såkaldte enkeltbundsopbygning muliggør som regel også en ganske enkelt konstruktion, da hele varmeveks- DK 172441 Bl 2 leren til eksempel kan indsættes og monteres fra oven i reaktoren. Den kan under alle omstændigheder byttes ud ved eftersyn eller afmontering, uden at dette medfører specielle besværligheder. Ydermere behøver varmevekslerens længde ikke at 5 være afstemt efter katalysatorlejets længde, d.v.s. at den også kan være kortere.The U-shaped heat exchanger tubes are known per se. The primary feature of the above-mentioned radially constructed two-stage ammonia converter is the advantage that the already internally located 30 heat exchanger tubes which carry the gas downwards can be utilized for heat exchanger. The so-called single-bottom structure usually also enables a simple construction, for example, the entire heat exchanger can be inserted and mounted from above in the reactor. In any case, it can be replaced by overhaul or disassembly without causing any particular difficulties. Furthermore, the length of the heat exchanger does not have to be adjusted to the length of the catalyst bed, i.e. that it may also be shorter.

I en udførelsesform for opfindelsen, kan varmevekslerbunden være anbragt ved den øvre side af varmeveksleren, set i tyngdekraftens retning, og være forsynet med en centralt placeret 10 friskgastilførsel- og -fordelerklokke.In one embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger bottom may be located at the upper side of the heat exchanger, viewed in the direction of gravity, and provided with a centrally located 10 fresh gas supply and distributor clock.

Det har vist sig fordelagtigt, at der om de U-formede rør kan være tilvejebragt strømningsbegrænsende foranstaltninger til at styre strømningen ved varmevekslerenden af de fra det første katalysatorleje afgående gasser.It has been found advantageous that flow restricting measures may be provided for the U-shaped pipes to control the flow at the heat exchanger end of the gases exiting from the first catalyst bed.

15 Det er også fordelagtigt, at der kan være mindst en tilførselskanal med regulerbar udgangsåbning for bratkølingsgas inden i varmevekslerens rørbund. Dermed bliver både starten af reaktionen forenkelt og der kan udøves en vis styring.It is also advantageous that there may be at least one supply duct with an adjustable outlet opening for quenching gas within the heat exchanger's pipe bottom. Thus, both the onset of the reaction is simplified and some control can be exercised.

Opfindelsen forklares nedenfor under henvisning til tegnin-20 gen, hvor figuren viser et tværsnit gennem en forenkelt to-trinsammoniakkonverter ifølge opfindelsen.The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, in which the figure shows a cross-section through a simplified two-stage ammonia converter according to the invention.

Den som helhed med 1 betegnede konverter består af en trykbeholder 2 med et dæksel 2a, hvor der i det indre af trykbeholderen er tilvejebragt to katalysatorlejer 3 og 4, hvis speci-25 elle opbygning og specielle konstruktive foransaltninger ikke beskrives nærmere.The converter referred to as 1 as a whole consists of a pressure vessel 2 with a cover 2a, in which two catalyst bearings 3 and 4 are provided within the interior of the pressure vessel, the specific structure and special structural pre-assemblies of which are not described.

Det cylindriske katalysatorleje 3, der her er af væsentligst interesse, er indvendigt forsynet med en enkeltbundsvarmeveksler 5, hvis varmevekslerrør 6 er bøjet U-formede så de fører 30 inde fra og ud, og at de er anbragt i en fælles rørbund 7.The cylindrical catalyst bed 3, which is of major interest here, is provided internally with a single-bottom heat exchanger 5, whose heat exchanger tubes 6 are bent U-shaped so that they guide 30 from the inside and out and are arranged in a common tube bottom 7.

DK 172441 B1 3 *DK 172441 B1 3 *

De indvendigt placeret delrør, som varmevekslerrørenes 6 U-formede dele består af, står via en fordelerklokke 8 i forbindelse med en tilførselskanal 9, hvorigennem syntesegassen tilføres. Udgangssiden af rørbenene udmunder i en gaskuppel 5 10, hvorfra det, der skal påsprøjtes det første katalysator leje 3 ved radial gennemstrømning, kommer.The internally located part tubes, which comprise the U-shaped parts of the heat exchanger tubes 6, are connected via a distributor bell 8 to a supply duct 9 through which the synthesis gas is supplied. The outlet side of the pipe legs opens into a gas dome 5 10, from which comes what is to be sprayed on the first catalyst bearing 3 by radial flow.

I det indvendige af varmeveksleren 5, er der tilvejebragt strømningsbegrænsende foranstaltninger 11, for at tilnærme sig til en optimal gennemstrømning. Der er også tilvejebragt 10 en bratkølingsgastilførselseledning 12, hvis neddykningsdybde er regulerbar, hvilket er antydet med dobbeltpilen 13. Efter radial gennemstrømning af det andet katalysatorleje 4, når procesgassen frem til udløbsdysen 14.Inside the heat exchanger 5, flow limiting measures 11 are provided to approximate an optimum flow. Also provided is a quench gas supply line 12 whose immersion depth is adjustable, which is indicated by the double arrow 13. After radially flowing through the second catalyst bed 4, the process gas reaches the outlet nozzle 14.

Claims (4)

1. Totrinsammoniakkonverter med mindst et ringformet katalysatorleje, der er anbragt i trykbeholderen, og med en varme- 5 veksler, som er anbragt centralt indvendigt i katalysatorlejet, og som kan gennemstrømmes af reaktionsgas, kende -tegnet ved, at varmeveksleren (5) er opbygget som en enkeltbundsvarmeveksler med U-formede varmevekslerrør (6) , der er anbragt i en bund (7) , og at U-rørenes rørben er an-10 bragt med indløbet ved midten og udløbet ved periferien.1. Two-stage ammonia converter having at least one annular catalyst bed disposed in the pressure vessel and having a heat exchanger located centrally inside the catalyst bed and flowable by reaction gas, characterized in that the heat exchanger (5) is constructed as a single-bottom heat exchanger with U-shaped heat exchanger tubes (6) arranged in a bottom (7) and the tubular legs of the U tubes being arranged with the inlet at the center and the outlet at the periphery. 2. Totrinsammoniakkonverter ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at varmevekslerbunden (7) er placeret ved den øvre ende af varmeveksleren (5) , set i tyngdekraftens retning, og at den er forsynet med en centralt placeret frisk- 15 gastilførsel- og -fordelerklokke (8).A two-stage ammonia converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger bottom (7) is located at the upper end of the heat exchanger (5), viewed in the direction of gravity and is provided with a centrally located fresh gas supply and distributor clock ( 8). 3. Totrinsammoniakkonverter ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at der rundt om de U-formede rør (6) er indrettet strømningsbegrænsende foranstaltninger (11) til styring af strømmen ved varmevekslerenden, af de fra det før- 20 ste katalysatorleje (3) afgående gasser.A two-stage ammonia converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that flow limiting measures (11) for controlling the flow at the heat exchanger end are arranged around the U-shaped tubes (11) from the first catalyst bed (3). outgoing gases. 4. Totrinsammoniakkonverter ifølge et eller flere af kravene 1-3, kendetegnet ved, at mindst en tilførselskanal (12) for brat kølingsgas er placeret inden i varmevekslerens (5) rørbundt (6), hvilken tilførselskanal (12) kan reguleres 25 via sin udgangsåbning.A two-stage ammonia converter according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one steep cooling gas supply duct (12) is located within the tube bundle (6) of the heat exchanger (5), which supply duct (12) can be regulated through its outlet opening. .
DK198800501A 1987-03-18 1988-02-01 Two-stage ammonia converter with at least one catalyst bed and at least one internally arranged heat exchanger DK172441B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3708781 1987-03-18
DE19873708781 DE3708781A1 (en) 1987-03-18 1987-03-18 TWO-STAGE AMMONIA CONVERTER WITH AT LEAST ONE CATALYST BED WITH HEAT EXCHANGER INSIDE ITSELF

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK50188D0 DK50188D0 (en) 1988-02-01
DK50188A DK50188A (en) 1988-09-19
DK172441B1 true DK172441B1 (en) 1998-07-13

Family

ID=6323361

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK198800501A DK172441B1 (en) 1987-03-18 1988-02-01 Two-stage ammonia converter with at least one catalyst bed and at least one internally arranged heat exchanger

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0282699B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0672013B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1010402B (en)
AT (1) ATE86950T1 (en)
AU (1) AU594229B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1298962C (en)
DE (3) DE3708781A1 (en)
DK (1) DK172441B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2039001T3 (en)
FI (1) FI84168C (en)
MY (1) MY100781A (en)
NO (1) NO170575C (en)
ZA (1) ZA88539B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3819451A1 (en) * 1988-06-08 1989-12-14 Uhde Gmbh DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT EXOTHERMAL, CATALYTIC GAS REACTIONS FOR AMMONIA OR METHANOL SYNTHESIS
DE102004028200B3 (en) 2004-05-28 2005-12-15 Hippweb E.K. Method for carrying out heterogeneous catalytic exothermic gas phase reactions for the synthesis of methanol
DE102006061847A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Uhde Gmbh Ammonia converter comprises a radially flowed-through catalyst bed, which concentrically surrounds a heat exchanger, an external- and/or an internal annular space and a main flow direction formed by the catalyst bed
GB201308428D0 (en) * 2013-05-10 2013-06-19 Johnson Matthey Plc Reactor
DE102016203753A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-14 Thyssenkrupp Ag Process for the production of products under changing load conditions

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE730568A (en) * 1968-03-28 1969-09-29
TR18747A (en) * 1975-07-15 1977-08-02 Snam Progetti RADIAL FLOW REACTORY FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMMONIA WITH HIGH THERMAL LEVELING STEAM
GB1574723A (en) * 1976-03-10 1980-09-10 Haldor Topsoe As Apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia
IT1141102B (en) * 1980-11-28 1986-10-01 Ammonia Casale Sa AXIAL-RADIAL REACTOR FOR HETEROGENEOUS SYNTHESIS
US4452760A (en) * 1982-01-18 1984-06-05 The M. W. Kellogg Company Horizontal ammonia converter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO880535D0 (en) 1988-02-08
DK50188A (en) 1988-09-19
DE8717724U1 (en) 1989-10-05
NO880535L (en) 1988-09-19
JPS63230517A (en) 1988-09-27
CA1298962C (en) 1992-04-21
FI84168C (en) 1991-10-25
FI880450A (en) 1988-09-19
AU1130388A (en) 1988-09-22
DE3879241D1 (en) 1993-04-22
DE3708781C2 (en) 1989-11-23
CN88100966A (en) 1988-10-05
NO170575B (en) 1992-07-27
NO170575C (en) 1992-11-04
MY100781A (en) 1991-02-14
EP0282699A2 (en) 1988-09-21
FI880450A0 (en) 1988-02-01
DE3708781A1 (en) 1988-09-29
EP0282699A3 (en) 1989-04-26
ATE86950T1 (en) 1993-04-15
DK50188D0 (en) 1988-02-01
JPH0672013B2 (en) 1994-09-14
EP0282699B1 (en) 1993-03-17
ZA88539B (en) 1988-07-27
ES2039001T3 (en) 1993-08-16
FI84168B (en) 1991-07-15
AU594229B2 (en) 1990-03-01
CN1010402B (en) 1990-11-14

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