DK170911B1 - Arrangement for progressive remote release of a series of clamping devices which have been tensioned one after another along an underwater structure - Google Patents
Arrangement for progressive remote release of a series of clamping devices which have been tensioned one after another along an underwater structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK170911B1 DK170911B1 DK373789A DK373789A DK170911B1 DK 170911 B1 DK170911 B1 DK 170911B1 DK 373789 A DK373789 A DK 373789A DK 373789 A DK373789 A DK 373789A DK 170911 B1 DK170911 B1 DK 170911B1
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- pin
- pins
- rope
- clamping devices
- arrangement
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
- F16L1/16—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom
- F16L1/163—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom by varying the apparent weight of the pipe during the laying operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
- F16L1/20—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats or weights
- F16L1/24—Floats; Weights
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Description
i DK 170911 B1in DK 170911 B1
Opfindelsen vedrører et arrangement til progressiv fjernbetjent udløsning som tillader forbindelsen mellem en undervandsstruktur og en række spændeindret-ninger fastspændt langs strukturen, at blive udløst un-5 der fjernbetjeningskontrol på hurtig, effektiv, pålidelig og især økonomisk måde uden anvendelse af dykkere.The invention relates to an arrangement for progressive remote release which allows the connection between an underwater structure and a series of clamping devices clamped along the structure to be triggered under remote control in a fast, efficient, reliable and especially economical manner without the use of divers.
Når rørledningspartier eller andre undervandsstrukturer transporteres over afstande på op til flere kilometer til det sted, på hvilket de skal installeres 10 på havbunden, er det kendt at anvende bærende flydere, som er arrangeret efter hinanden og hver for sig er forbundet til strukturen, der skal bæres, ved hjælp af spændeindretninger, reb eller andre midler, som derefter skal udløses, når operationen er fuldført.When pipeline portions or other subsea structures are transported over distances of up to several kilometers to the site at which they are to be installed 10 on the seabed, it is known to use bearing floats arranged one after the other and separately connected to the structure to be are carried, by means of clamping devices, ropes or other means, which must then be released when the operation is completed.
15 I den kendte teknik udføres dette udløsningstrin af dykkere, eller af fjernstyrede fartøjer, som direkte udløser hvert element, det ene efter det andet.In the prior art, this triggering step is performed by divers, or by remote controlled vessels, which directly trigger each element, one after the other.
Denne fremgangsmåde er imidlertid ikke blot meget kostbar både med hensyn til tid og penge, men den 20 er også meget risikabel, når der henses til sikkerheden for operatørerne, der personligt må udløse forbindelserne. Der anvendes af og til indretninger, som overflødiggør den direkte anvendelse af operatører, ved at udløse spændeindretningerne ved fjernbetjening under 25 anvendelse af akustiske signaler, men et udløsningsarrangement af denne type er så dyrt, at dets anvendelse ikke altid kan retfærdiggøres.However, this approach is not only very costly both in terms of time and money, but it is also very risky when it comes to the safety of the operators who have to personally trigger the connections. Occasions are sometimes used to eliminate the direct use of operators by triggering the clamping devices by remote control using acoustic signals, but a trigger arrangement of this type is so expensive that its use cannot always be justified.
Formålet med opfindelsen er at overvinde de nævnte ulemper, ved at tilvejebringe et effektivt ud-30 løsningssystem, som tillader en række spændeindretninger, der er spændt efter hinanden langs en undervandsstruktur, at blive udløst i rækkefølge på økonomisk og hurtig måde ved hjælp af fjernstyring, hovedsagelig fra vandoverfladen uden anvendelse af dykkere.The object of the invention is to overcome said disadvantages by providing an effective trigger system which allows a series of clamping devices which are tensioned one after the other along an underwater structure to be released sequentially economically and quickly by remote control. mainly from the water surface without the use of divers.
35 Dette opnås i det væsentlige ved, at hver spæn- deindretning i rækken har form af to kæber, som vender DK 170911 B1 2 mod hinanden og er hængslet sammen ved deres ene par af hosliggende ender ved hjælp af en mekanisme til indstilling af spændeindretningens spændekraft og som er forbundet ved deres andet par af hosliggende ender ved 5 hjælp af et sammensætteligt hængsel, der kan låses ved hjælp af en hul gennemgående forbindelsestap, som kan trækkes ud efter ønske. Den hule cylindriske tap har form af to taphalvparter, der er sammenkoblet og holdes i deres sæde, ikke blot ved hjælp af spændekraften, der 10 påføres ved hjælp af spændeindretningen, men også ved hjælp af et bryst ved den ende af taphalvparterne, der er beliggende på den side fra hvilken tappen trækkes ud og eventuelt ved hjælp af en elastisk holdering, monteret ved den modsatte ende af taphalvparterne.This is achieved essentially by the fact that each clamping device in the row is in the form of two jaws which face each other and are hinged together at their one pair of adjacent ends by a mechanism for adjusting the clamping force of the clamping device. and which are connected at their second pair of adjacent ends by a composite hinge which can be locked by means of a hollow through connection pin which can be pulled out as desired. The hollow cylindrical pin takes the form of two pin halves interconnected and held in their seat not only by the clamping force applied by the clamping device but also by a chest at the end of the pin halves located on the side from which the pin is pulled out and, optionally, by means of an elastic holder, mounted at the opposite end of the pin half.
15 Endelig føres et reb gennem de stort set flug tende centrale boringer gennem tappene i hele rækken af spændeindretninger, hvilket reb ved den ene ende har et fortykket parti med en dimension, der er større end diameteren af boringen gennem alle tappene, men en smu-20 le mindre end diameteren af selve tappene, således at det kan trækkes ud af hængslet sammen med tappene, medens dets anden ende holdes ved vandoverfladen af operatørerne, der udfører udløsningsoperationen.Finally, a rope is passed through the substantially flushing central bores through the pins throughout the row of clamping devices, which rope at one end has a thickened portion having a dimension greater than the diameter of the bore through all the pins, but a small one. 20 µl less than the diameter of the pins itself so that it can be pulled out of the hinge together with the pins while its other end is held at the water surface by the operators performing the triggering operation.
ved at trække i rebet ved hjælp af organer pla-25 ceret ved vandoverfladen føres det fortykkede parti mod de enkelte tappe og tvinger dem ud af deres hængsler og trækker dem også ud af de elastiske ringe, hvis disse er påsat, og åbner og udløser efter hinanden på denne måde spændeindretningerne i rækken. Da tappene er ud-30 ført i to halvparter, åbner de sig så snart de er trukket ud af deres sammensættelige hængsler og frigiver således den fortykkede ende af rebet, som derfor er klar til at virke på de følgende tappe.by pulling the rope by means placed at the water surface, the thickened portion is guided to the individual pins and forcing them out of their hinges and also pulling them out of the elastic rings, if fitted, and opening and releasing after each other in this way the clamping devices in the row. As the pins are formed in two half-parts, they open as soon as they are pulled out of their composite hinges, thus releasing the thickened end of the rope, which is therefore ready to act on the following pins.
Ifølge opfindelsen er et arrangement til pro-35 gressiv fjernbetjent udløsning af en række spændeindretninger, der er blevet spændt efter hinanden langs en DK 170911 B1 3 undervandsstryktur, og hvor hver spændeindretning i rækken har form af to kæber, der vender mod hinanden og er sammenhængslet ved hjælp af en mekanisme til indstilling af spændingen med hvilken spændeindretningen 5 griber undervandsstrukturen, samt er indbyrdes forbundet ved deres andet par af hosliggende ender ved hjælp af et sammensætteligt hængsel, der er låsbart med en gennemgående låsetap, ejendommeligt ved, at den gennemgående låsetap har form af to sammenkoblede taphalvpar-10 ter, der afgrænser en central gennemgående boring, gennem hvilke boringer i tappene i hele rækken af spænde-indretninger efter hinanden, er ført et reb, der ved den ene ende har et fortykket parti af større dimension end diameteren af tappens centrale boring, men en smule 15 mindre end diameteren af selve tappene, hvilket rebs anden ende holdes i vandoverfladen af operatørene, der udfører udløsningsoperationen.According to the invention, an arrangement for progressive remote release of a series of clamping devices which have been tensioned one after another along a subsea structure and each clamping device in the row is in the form of two jaws facing each other and interconnected. by means of a mechanism for adjusting the tension with which the clamping device 5 engages the underwater structure, and is interconnected at their other pairs of adjacent ends by means of a composite hinge lockable with a through locking pin, characterized in that the through locking pin has in the form of two interconnected pin halves defining a central through bore through which bores in the pins throughout the row of clamping devices are successively passed a rope having at one end a thickened portion of a larger dimension than the diameter of the pin central bore but slightly less than the diameter of the pins themselves, the other end of the rope being held in the water surface by the operators performing the triggering operation.
En foretrukket udførelsesform af opfindelsen er ejendommelig, ved at hver forbindelsestap med gennem-20 gående boring, ved de tappene dannende halvparters ender, der er beliggende til den side til hvilken tovet trækkes ud, har et bryst med en dimension, der er større end dimensionen af den gennemgående boring i det sammensættelige hængsel, i hvilken de gennemgående tap-25 pe indsættes.A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that each connecting bore with through bore, at the ends of the baffles forming at the side to which the rope is pulled out, has a chest having a dimension greater than the dimension. of the through bore in the composite hinge into which the through pins are inserted.
Yderligere kan en elastisk holdering være anbragt ved enden af hver hul, gennemgående forbindelsestap ved den ende, der er modsat den, hvor rebet trækkes ud.In addition, an elastic retainer may be provided at the end of each hole, through connecting pins at the end opposite to the one where the rope is pulled out.
30 I stedet for at blive anvendt til successiv ud løsning af flydere, anvendt til at bære et parti af en rørledning under transporten til det sted, hvor den skal lægges på havbunden, kan udløsningsarrangementet anvendes f.eks. til successiv udløsning af ballast el-35 ler last fra strukturer, der anvendes under vandet. Udover dette kan spændeindretningerne i stedet for at ha- DK 170911 B1 4 ve kæber udformet som halvringe, der særlig er egnet til rørledninger og i det væsentlige cylindriske strukturer, være forsynet med kæber af en hvilken som helst ønsket form, og de hule gennemgående forbindelsestappe 5 kan også have enhver anden form end cylindrisk, og yderligere kan der anvendes en wire eller lignende i stedet for et reb.Instead of being used for successive discharge of floats, used to carry a portion of a pipeline during transport to the place where it is to be laid on the seabed, the triggering arrangement may be used e.g. for successive release of ballast or 35 cargo from structures used underwater. In addition to this, the clamping devices, instead of having jaws designed as semi-rings particularly suitable for piping and substantially cylindrical structures, may be provided with jaws of any desired shape, and the hollow through connecting pins. 5 may also be of any shape other than cylindrical, and a wire or the like may be used instead of a rope.
Opfindelsen vil nu blive nærmere forklaret ved hjælp af nogle udførelsesformer og med henvisning til 10 tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 viser anvendelsen af udløsningsarrangementet ifølge opfindelsen ved transport af et rørledningsparti ved hjælp af flydere, fig. 2 viser den operation, der omfatter udløs-15 ning af flyderne i fig. 1 efter hinanden for at rørledningspartiet kan lægges ned på havbunden, fig. 3 et delbillede i større målestok af området ved den første spændeindretning i fig. 1, fig. 4 et længdesnit i større målestok af hæng-20 selområdet i fig. 3, fig. 5 et frontbillede af hængselområdet i fig.The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of some embodiments and with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows the use of the release arrangement according to the invention in transporting a pipeline portion by means of floats; FIG. 2 shows the operation comprising releasing the floats in FIG. 1 in a row so that the pipeline portion can be laid down on the seabed; FIG. 3 is a larger scale sectional view of the region of the first clamping device of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hinge area of FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a front view of the hinge area of FIG.
3, fig. 6 et sidebillede af hængselområdet i fig.3, FIG. 6 is a side view of the hinge area of FIG.
5, og 25 fig. 7 og 8 billeder der i større målestok vi ser trin under udløsningen af den første spændeindretning ifølge opfindelsen.5 and 25 in FIG. Figures 7 and 8 show, on a larger scale, steps during the release of the first clamping device according to the invention.
Tegningen viser en båd 1, der ved hjælp af en wire 2 slæber et rørledningsparti 3, der skal ned-30 lægges på havbunden 4. Rørledningspartiet 3 bæres under transporten af en række bærende flydere 5i - 5·, som er placeret efter hinanden langs rørledningspartiet og som er låst til dette ved hjælp af en række ens spændeindretninger 6» - 6· og forbindelseswirer 7.The drawing shows a boat 1 which, by means of a wire 2, tows a pipeline portion 3 to be laid on the seabed 4. The pipeline portion 3 is carried during the transport of a series of load-bearing floats 5i - 5 · which are placed one after the other along the pipeline portion. and which are locked to this by means of a series of similar clamping devices 6 »- 6 · and connecting wires 7.
35 Hver spændeindretning 6i - 6· består af to kæber 8 og 9, der er hængslet sammen i den ene ende i mod DK 170911 B1 5 hinanden vendende stillinger ved hjælp af en mekanisme 10, der ved hjælp af en bolt 11 og en møtrik 12 tillader justering af den kraft, der udøves af spænde-indretningen når den spænder om rørledningspartiet 3.Each clamping device 6i - 6 · consists of two jaws 8 and 9 which are hinged at one end to opposite positions by a mechanism 10 which by means of a bolt 11 and a nut 12 permits adjustment of the force exerted by the clamping device as it spans the pipeline portion 3.
5 De to andre ender af kæberne 8 og 9 er forbun det med hinanden ved hjælp af et sammensætteligt hængsel 13, 14 som er låst ved hjælp af en gennemgående forbindelsestap, der består af to taphalvparter 15 og 16, der er koblet sammen så de danner en central gen-10 nemgående boring 17, som vist især i fig. 8. Taphalvparterne 16 og 17 har ved den ende, der vender mod båden 1 et bryst 18, som hindrer at tappen trækkes ud mod højre side som set i fig. 4, og taphalvparterne holdes sammen ved deres anden ende ved hjælp af en ela-15 stisk holdering 19.5 The other two ends of the jaws 8 and 9 are connected to each other by means of a composite hinge 13, 14 which is locked by means of a continuous connecting pin consisting of two pin halves 15 and 16 which are connected together to form a central through-bore 17, as shown particularly in FIG. 8. The pin halves 16 and 17 have at the end facing the boat 1 a chest 18 which prevents the pin from being pulled out to the right as seen in FIG. 4, and the tap halves are held together at their other end by an elastic retainer 19.
Et trækreb 20 er ført igennem den ene centrale gennemgående boring 17 efter den anden i tappene i de sammensættelige hængsler i hver af spændeindretninger-ne 6i - 6· og den ene af rebets ender fastholdes på 20 båden 1 ved vandoverfladen og rebets anden ende har en fortykkelse 21, hvis dimension er større end diameteren af boringerne 17, men mindre end diametren af selve tappene, således at den kan trækkes tilbage sammen med tappene i de sammensættelige hængsler.A pull rope 20 is passed through one central through bore 17 after the other in the pins of the composite hinges of each of the clamping devices 6i - 6 · and one of the ends of the rope is retained on the boat 1 at the water surface and the other end of the rope has a thickening 21, the dimension of which is greater than the diameter of the bores 17, but smaller than the diameter of the pins themselves, so that it can be retracted together with the pins of the composite hinges.
25 Ved at hale ind på trækrebet 20 fra båden 1, idet der trækkes i det med en vis kraft, antydet ved pilen 22 i fig. 7 og 8, fås fortykkelsen 21 til at trykke mod enden af tappen, således at tappen, når trækningen fortsættes, trækkes fuldstændig ud fra 30 hængslet, hvorved den pågældende spændeindretning udløses. På denne måde kan alle spændeindretninger 6i -6· udløses ved betjening fra båden 1, idet tappene, når de er blevet trukket ud af hængslerne, falder ned og frigiver rebet.25 Taking in on the pulling rope 20 from the boat 1, pulling on it with some force, indicated by the arrow 22 in FIG. 7 and 8, the thickening 21 is caused to press against the end of the pin, so that the pin, when the pulling is continued, is completely pulled out from the hinge, thereby releasing the respective clamping device. In this way, all clamping devices 6i -6 · can be released by operation from the boat 1, when the pins, when pulled out of the hinges, fall down and release the rope.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT8821554A IT1226554B (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1988-07-29 | PROGRESSIVE DISTANCE RELEASE SYSTEM OF A SERIES OF CLAMPED LOCKS IN SUCCESSION ALONG AN UNDERWATER STRUCTURE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS INSTALLATION. |
IT2155488 | 1988-07-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK373789D0 DK373789D0 (en) | 1989-07-28 |
DK373789A DK373789A (en) | 1990-01-30 |
DK170911B1 true DK170911B1 (en) | 1996-03-11 |
Family
ID=11183526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK373789A DK170911B1 (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1989-07-28 | Arrangement for progressive remote release of a series of clamping devices which have been tensioned one after another along an underwater structure |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT397548B (en) |
BE (1) | BE1003076A4 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8903700A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1337580C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3923957A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK170911B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2014915A6 (en) |
FI (1) | FI893552L (en) |
FR (1) | FR2634854A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2221247B (en) |
GR (1) | GR1000590B (en) |
IE (1) | IE63699B1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1226554B (en) |
LU (1) | LU87558A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8901920A (en) |
NO (1) | NO893061L (en) |
PT (1) | PT91298B (en) |
SE (1) | SE8902577L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003002848A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | Smit Land & Marine Engineering Limited | Method of laying an underwater flowline |
WO2006117249A2 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-09 | Acergy France Sa | Towing and subsea installation of long articles |
NL2017332B1 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-23 | Boskalis Bv Baggermaatschappij | Method, system and parts of said system for releasing a submergible load from a buoyant member |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3128512A (en) * | 1961-05-10 | 1964-04-14 | Merritt Chapman & Scott Corp | Release mechanism |
FR2260051A1 (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1975-08-29 | Sedec | Method of placing undersea piping - uses collapsible fluid filled tube gives buoyancy to prevent kinking of piping |
FR2281534A1 (en) * | 1974-08-05 | 1976-03-05 | Petroles Cie Francaise | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RELEASING FLOATS FOR LIGHTENING SUBMARINE PIPES |
FR2344678A1 (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-10-14 | Doris Dev Richesse Sous Marine | Float detachment system from underwater structure - has main circuit connecting control position to one release device |
FR2353002A1 (en) * | 1976-05-25 | 1977-12-23 | Doris Dev Richesse Sous Marine | SUBMERSIBLE FLOAT RELEASE DEVICE |
US4399601A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1983-08-23 | Shell Oil Company | Method of preparing and using a pressure actuated release mechanism |
US4563108A (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1986-01-07 | Shell Oil Company | Pressure actuated release mechanism |
-
1988
- 1988-07-29 IT IT8821554A patent/IT1226554B/en active
-
1989
- 1989-07-12 IE IE224989A patent/IE63699B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-13 GR GR890100449A patent/GR1000590B/en unknown
- 1989-07-14 GB GB8916205A patent/GB2221247B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-14 CA CA000605657A patent/CA1337580C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-18 LU LU87558A patent/LU87558A1/en unknown
- 1989-07-19 DE DE3923957A patent/DE3923957A1/en active Granted
- 1989-07-19 FR FR8909716A patent/FR2634854A1/en active Pending
- 1989-07-20 SE SE8902577A patent/SE8902577L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-20 BR BR898903700A patent/BR8903700A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-21 ES ES8903014A patent/ES2014915A6/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-24 AT AT0178289A patent/AT397548B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-25 FI FI893552A patent/FI893552L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-25 NL NL8901920A patent/NL8901920A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-26 BE BE8900806A patent/BE1003076A4/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-27 PT PT91298A patent/PT91298B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-27 NO NO89893061A patent/NO893061L/en unknown
- 1989-07-28 DK DK373789A patent/DK170911B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK373789A (en) | 1990-01-30 |
IE892249L (en) | 1990-01-29 |
GB2221247B (en) | 1992-07-29 |
BR8903700A (en) | 1990-10-02 |
ATA178289A (en) | 1993-09-15 |
LU87558A1 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
NL8901920A (en) | 1990-02-16 |
PT91298A (en) | 1990-02-08 |
FI893552L (en) | 1990-01-30 |
GB2221247A (en) | 1990-01-31 |
NO893061L (en) | 1990-01-30 |
CA1337580C (en) | 1995-11-21 |
AT397548B (en) | 1994-04-25 |
SE8902577D0 (en) | 1989-07-20 |
DE3923957A1 (en) | 1990-02-08 |
GR1000590B (en) | 1992-08-26 |
FR2634854A1 (en) | 1990-02-02 |
DK373789D0 (en) | 1989-07-28 |
IT1226554B (en) | 1991-01-24 |
PT91298B (en) | 1995-07-06 |
GB8916205D0 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
ES2014915A6 (en) | 1990-07-16 |
SE8902577L (en) | 1990-01-30 |
NO893061D0 (en) | 1989-07-27 |
FI893552A0 (en) | 1989-07-25 |
DE3923957C2 (en) | 1990-09-27 |
IT8821554A0 (en) | 1988-07-29 |
IE63699B1 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
BE1003076A4 (en) | 1991-11-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
PBP | Patent lapsed |