DK166374B

DK166374B - PROCEDURE FOR BREATHING BEGONY SPECIES

Info

Publication number: DK166374B
Application number: DK004586A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Jean-Marc Chaintron
Original assignee: Chaintron Jean Marc
Priority date: 1985-01-07
Filing date: 1986-01-06
Publication date: 1993-05-10
Also published as: EP0209536B1; FR2575632A1; JPH059049B2; DK4586D0; JPS62501329A; ES8707647A1; ATE52158T1; DE3577266D1; FR2575632B1; OA08181A; ES550654A0; DK166374C; WO1986003934A1; CA1309587C; EP0209536A1; DK4586A

Abstract

Method for the multiplication and culture of bamboo-like species and lignous species, hybrids and mutants thereof, of the botanical begonia genus, characterized in that it comprises the utilization of mature and lignified cane pieces as multiplication material.

Description

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Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til formering og dyrkning af bambuslignende og trælignende arter, og hybrider og mutanter deraf, af den botaniske slægt Begonia.The present invention relates to a method for propagating and growing bamboo-like and tree-like species, and hybrids and mutants thereof, of the Begonia botanical genus.

5 Denne fremgangsmåde gør det muligt at - opnå planter med nye former af de pågældende arter, - opnå planter med standardiseret højde, - opnå planter, som blomstrer oftere og tidligere, og som bærer flere blomster, 10 - opnå energibesparelser, idet mere end 50% af dyrkningen kan udføres i varme egne, og - reducere distributionsomkostningerne og lette transporten (yderst anvendelig til postordresalg).5 This approach makes it possible to - obtain plants with new forms of the species concerned, - obtain plants of standard height, - obtain plants that flower more frequently and earlier, and which bear more flowers, 10 - obtain energy savings, with more than 50 % of cultivation can be carried out in hot areas, and - reduce distribution costs and facilitate transport (extremely useful for mail order sales).

Bambuslignende, trælignende og busklignende arter, som ofte 15 stammer fra Andesbjergene, og/eller hybrider deraf kan nå overraskende højder (2-3 meters højde, jfr. fig. 1).Bamboo-like, tree-like and shrub-like species, often 15 from the Andes, and / or their hybrids can reach surprising heights (2-3 meters in height, cf. Fig. 1).

De bambuslignende og trælignende Begoniaarter formeres ved stiklinger ligesom mange arter, hvis kønnede formering er vanskelig eller giver et lavt udbytte.The bamboo-like and tree-like Begoni species are propagated by cuttings, as are many species whose sex reproduction is difficult or yields poorly.

20 Stiklingerne dannes ud fra græsagtige plantedele med en længde på 5-10 cm, som i almindelighed kaldes græslignende begyndelsesstiklinger (fig. 2a), stiklinger med ét (fig.20 The cuttings are formed from grassy plant parts with a length of 5-10 cm, commonly called grass-like initial cuttings (Fig. 2a), cuttings together (Figs.

2b) eller to (fig. 2c) stængelled. Disse stiklinger har et tværsnit på 5-6 mm. Under sædvanlige dyrkningsbetingelser 25 formerer enhver fagmand planterne på denne måde.2b) or two (Fig. 2c) stem joints. These cuttings have a cross section of 5-6 mm. Under ordinary cultivation conditions, any person skilled in the art will propagate the plants in this way.

Efter rodfæstelse nederst kan den således dannede unge plante omplantes i en potte eller på friland (fig. 3a og 3b). Denne plantes forgrening og vækst fører den i løbet af nogle måneder til en maksimal højde på 20-50 cm. De grene, 30 som bæres af begyndelsesstiklingen, gør det ikke muligt hurtigt at få en plante med begyndelseshøjden (2 m) .After rooting at the bottom, the young plant thus formed can be transplanted in a pot or outdoors (Figs. 3a and 3b). The branching and growth of this plant over a few months leads to a maximum height of 20-50 cm. The branches borne by the initial cuttings do not allow a plant with an initial height (2 m) to be obtained quickly.

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Dette kan kun lade sig gøre (fig. 4) efter fremkomsten af rodskud (a) nederst på planten (b), hvilket under vore klimabetingelser kræver næsten ét års dyrkning. Disse rodskud danner rør, som alt efter dyrkningsbetingelserne 5 kan nå en højde på over 3 m.This can only be done (Fig. 4) after the emergence of root shoots (a) at the bottom of the plant (b), which under our climatic conditions requires almost one year of cultivation. These root shoots form tubes which, depending on the growing conditions 5, can reach a height of over 3 m.

Blomstringen sker først efter veddannelse til træ, først på de små grene, der dannes nederst på begyndelsesstiklingen (fig. 4c).Flowering occurs only after tree formation, first on the small branches that form at the bottom of the initial cuttings (Fig. 4c).

Blomstring sker først på rørene, når de har nået en vis 10 modenhed (levetid 4-6 måneder).Flowering occurs only on the tubes when they have reached a certain 10 maturity (lifetime 4-6 months).

Høje, blomstrende planter dyrkes meget lidt, om overhovedet, er meget langsommelige at producere og kræver i vort klima megen energi, selv i drivhuse.Tall, flowering plants are grown very little, if at all, are very slow to produce and require a lot of energy in our climate, even in greenhouses.

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til 15 formering og dyrkning af bambuslignende og trælignende arter, og hybrider og mutanter deraf, af den botaniske slægt Begonia, hvilken fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved, at der som formeringsmateriale anvendes stykker af forved-dede og modne rør med akselknopper.The present invention relates to a method for propagating and cultivating bamboo-like and tree-like species, and hybrids and mutants thereof, of the Begonia botanical species, which is characterized in that as propagating material pieces of prey and mature tubes with shaft buds are used. .

20 Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen består i at anvende forveddede stængler med betydeligt tværsnit, som i almindelighed kaldes rør, som plantemateriale til formering og reproduktion i stedet for de sædvanligvis anvendte rankebærende dele med lille tværsnit.The method according to the invention consists in using pre-welded stems of considerable cross-section, commonly called tubes, as plant material for propagation and reproduction instead of the commonly used small-sectioned branch-bearing parts.

25 Allerede ved forvedning og modning af rørene afskæres disse, frigøres for deres blade og skæres i stykker, der kan have en længde på fra nogle få centimeter til tre meter, afhængig af den ønskede størrelse af den fremtidige plante. Gennemskæringen foretages altid mellem to led.25 Already, by pre-soaking and maturing the tubes, these are cut off, released from their leaves, and cut into pieces which can be a length of a few centimeters to three meters, depending on the desired size of the future plant. The intersection is always made between two joints.

30 Efter forvedningsstadiet, som svarer til fremkomsten af de første blomster på rørene, har røret sædvanligvis den ønskede modenhed.30 After the pre-softening stage, which corresponds to the appearance of the first flowers on the tubes, the tube usually has the desired maturity.

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Ud fra denne tilstand betinger valget af den alder, ved hvilken rørene plukkes, den fremtidige form af planten. Fx passer et meget gammelt rør bedre til at danne et træ med stamme, og et ungt rør passer bedre til at danne en søjle.From this state, the choice of the age at which the pipes are picked depends on the future shape of the plant. For example, a very old pipe is better suited to form a tree with trunk, and a young pipe is better suited to form a pillar.

5 På et gammelt rør er det faktisk vanskeligt at genoplive det sovende meristemvæv på akselknopperne, hvis disse altså forekommer.5 On an old tube, it is actually difficult to resuscitate the sleeping meristem tissue on the shaft buds, if these do occur.

De som ovenfor beskrevet vundne rør eller rørstykker kan lagres i adskillige måneder under sædvanlige lagringsbe-10 tingelser for frugt og vegetabilier (fx i et koldt rum ved 4° C) uden at ændre rodfæsteisen. Rørene kan let pakkes og transporteres.The tubes or tubes obtained as described above can be stored for several months under usual storage conditions for fruits and vegetables (e.g. in a cold room at 4 ° C) without changing the rooting ice. The tubes can be easily packed and transported.

På et tidspunkt, som kan ligge flere måneder efter høsten, kan rørene plantes for at slå rod. Til dette formål be-15 skæres stykkerne, dvs. at man skærer den øverste del af røret i højde med et øje (knop) og en smule skråt.At a time that can last several months after harvest, the tubes can be planted to take root. For this purpose, the pieces are cut, i.e. cutting the top of the tube with an eye (knob) and a bit oblique.

Den nederste del skæres 1 cm fra leddet. Snittene skal være ubeskadigede og udføres således, at røret ikke knuses.The lower part is cut 1 cm from the joint. The sections must be undamaged and made so that the tube is not crushed.

På den del af røret, som skal ned i jorden, bortskæres 20 knopperne eller det sovende meristemvæv i højde med træoverfladen, således at man fuldstændigt eliminerer forplantningslaget, som ville danne knopper, der igen ville give jordstængellignende stængler.On the part of the pipe to be ground, the 20 buds or the sleeping meristem tissue at the height of the tree surface are cut away so as to completely eliminate the propagation layer, which would form buds that would in turn produce rhizome-like stems.

På denne måde elimineres enhver mulighed for tilbagevenden 25 til en buskagtig fremtræden, og den trælignende form bevares med sikkerhed.In this way, any possibility of return 25 to a bushy appearance is eliminated and the tree-like form is preserved with certainty.

Efter beskæring af stykkerne plantes røret i jorden i en dybde på mindst 5 cm. Rørene skal plantes i den rigtige retning. Øjet skal befinde sig oven over og i vertikal 30 retning i forhold til bladarret på bladstilken, som blev taget af ved høsten.After pruning the pieces, plant the tube into the soil at a depth of at least 5 cm. The pipes should be planted in the right direction. The eye should be above and in vertical direction relative to the leaf vein of the leaf stalk which was removed at harvest.

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Rodfæsteisen af disse rør sker uden vanskelighed. For visse arter fremskyndes rodfæsteisen ved befugtning af den del, som er gravet ned, i væksthormoner for rodfæstelse, fx valgt blandt auxiner og cytokininer eller blandinger deraf.The root attachment of these tubes happens without difficulty. For some species, the root attachment ice is accelerated by wetting the part buried, into root growth hormones, for example selected from auxins and cytokinins or mixtures thereof.

5 For at fremme rørets rodfæstelse og give en god forankring i jorden fjernes barkvævet på langs i en højde af 3-4 cm og en bredde på 3-7 mm på to eller tre steder, som er omhyggeligt fordelt i lige stor afstand.5 To promote the rooting of the pipe and provide a good anchorage in the soil, the bark tissue is removed longitudinally at a height of 3-4 cm and a width of 3-7 mm in two or three places, which are carefully distributed at equal distances.

Denne fremgangsmåde muliggør rodfæstelse ved overfladen og 10 stabilitet hos røret ved hjælp af overfladerødderne uden at forhindre den naturlige, mere dybtgående forankring og rodfæstelse, som sker i niveau med snittet i røret.This method allows for rooting at the surface and stability of the tube by means of the surface roots without preventing the natural, more in-depth anchoring and rooting which occurs at the level of the incision in the tube.

Højden af den plante, som er opnået ved den ovenfor beskrevne formeringsmetode, bestemmes fra begyndelsen af 15 rørets højde. Dette er en træstamme, som ikke har apikalt meristemvæv, og som er forveddet og derfor ikke kan vokse mere. Røret eller det oprindelige rørstykke bevarer, når først det er høstet og plantet ud igen som beskrevet ovenfor, sin begyndelseshøjde. Det er kun akselknopperne, som 20 giver planten en ny højde eller form. Imidlertid giver de akselknopper, som stammer fra et modent rør, aldrig anledning til et nyt rør i den øverste del af planten. Disse akselknopper giver altid mange fine, rankebærende stængler (sekundært træ), hvis udseende ofte er let hængende.The height of the plant obtained by the propagation method described above is determined from the beginning of the height of the pipe. This is a tree trunk that does not have apical meristemic tissue, which is pruned and therefore cannot grow anymore. The pipe or original piece of pipe, once harvested and transplanted again as described above, retains its initial height. It is only the shaft buds that give the plant a new height or shape. However, the shaft buds that originate from a mature tube never give rise to a new tube in the upper part of the plant. These shaft buds always give many fine, branch-bearing stems (secondary wood), the appearance of which is often easily hanging.

25 Disse sekundære træer er frugttræer og bærer mange blomster.25 These secondary trees are fruit trees and bear many flowers.

Den ovenfor beskrevne fremgangsmåde muliggør standardisering af planterne. Hvis alle rørene fx skæres i stykker på 50 cm, vil alle de planter, som stammer herfra, få samme 30 størrelse under identiske dyrkningsbetingelser.The process described above allows for standardization of the plants. For example, if all the tubes are cut into 50 cm pieces, all the plants that originate from them will have the same size under identical growing conditions.

Blomstringen indtræder tidligt hos de ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen vundne planter. Røret giver akselknopperne en del af sin modenhed, hvorved en foryngelse undgås.Flowering occurs early in the plants obtained by the method according to the invention. The tube gives the shaft knobs a part of its maturity, thereby avoiding rejuvenation.

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Modningen af en plantes primære væv giver de sekundære væv, som findes nedenfor, en større evne til at blomstre, hvilket er et velkendt fænomen for fysiologer.The maturation of a plant's primary tissues gives the secondary tissues found below a greater ability to bloom, which is a well-known phenomenon for physiologists.

Akselknopperne forårsager sekundære forgreninger, hvis 5 størrelse og mekaniske (snit ved roden af stænglerne) eller kemiske ("off shoot") afnipninger gør det muligt at få alle mulige former for en given størrelse af udgangsrøret. Man kan fx også få flade, espalier formede, omvendt kegleformede eller kaskadeformede udformninger.The shaft knobs cause secondary branches whose 5 size and mechanical (cut at the root of the stems) or chemical ("off shoot") cuts allow all kinds of a given size of the output tube to be obtained. For example, one can also get flat, bar-shaped, inverted cone-shaped or cascade-shaped designs.

10 Fig. 5 og 6 viser som et eksempel udseendet af planter, som svarer til et rør på ca. 50 cm (fig. 5) og rør på 1,2 m og 50 cm (fig. 6).FIG. 5 and 6 show as an example the appearance of plants corresponding to a tube of approx. 50 cm (Fig. 5) and tubes of 1.2 m and 50 cm (Fig. 6).

Det rør, som er genstand for den foreliggende opfindelse, kan tjene som podestamme for enhver botanisk Begoniaslægt, 15 hvilket dækker alle arter og varianter af Begoniefamilien.The tube which is the subject of the present invention can serve as the inoculum for any botanical Begonia genus, covering all species and variants of the Begonia family.

Podning ved knoppodning, ved spaltepodning, ved en skråt afskåret kant, ved parring, foroven, etc. gør det muligt at fastlægge og fuldkommengøre planternes form. Til dette formål podes der på den valgte rørstamme et øje, dvs. en 20 knop, som man påfører på det forinden præparerede rør.Grafting by bud grafting, by grafting grafting, by an obliquely cut edge, by mating, top, etc. makes it possible to determine and perfect the shape of the plants. For this purpose, an eye is grafted onto the selected tube stem, i.e. a 20 knots applied to the pre-prepared tube.

Den ved den beskrevne fremgangsmåde vundne plante er meget modstandsdygtig over for tørke, kulde ned til lec og varme op til 45°C, og den er velegnet til dekoration af moderne lejligheder og verandaer.The plant obtained by the process described is very resistant to drought, cold down to lec and heat up to 45 ° C and is suitable for decoration of modern apartments and porches.

25 Formeringsfremgangsmåden reproducerer den således formerede variant helt identisk. Den gør det derfor muligt at opfylde gartneriindustriens behov.The propagation method reproduces the variant thus formed completely identically. It therefore makes it possible to meet the needs of the horticultural industry.

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Claims

1. A method of propagating and cultivating bamboo-like and tree-like species and hybrids and mutants thereof of the Begonia botanical genus. 5 characterized in that as propagating material, pieces of putty and mature pipes with shaft knobs are used.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes are cut off immediately after prewashing and maturation, released from their leaves and cut into pieces whose length corresponds to the height of the desired plant.

Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the initial section of the pipes 15 is made between two joints.

Method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the tubes, after being cut into pieces and after any storage, are placed in the soil after cutting the cut near the joint.

Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the part to be placed in the ground has already been brought into contact with growth hormones for rooting.

Process according to claim 5, characterized in that the rooting hormones are selected from auxins and cytokinins and mixtures thereof.

Method according to any one of claims 1-5, 30, characterized in that the bark tissue is removed longitudinally along DK 166374B on the part to be placed in the ground to promote root attachment ice at the surface.

Method according to any one of claims 1-7, 5, characterized in that the sleeping buds or the sleeping meristem tissue at the height of the wooden surface are removed on the part to be placed in the ground.

Process according to any one of claims 1-7, 10, characterized in that the plant, after application to the soil, is treated with a product which prevents the formation of root shoots.

Method according to any one of claims 1-9, 15, characterized in that after rooting ice, grafting of the tube strains is carried out with another variant of the beginner family.