FR2482414A1 - Rose tree production method - places bevel cut leafed graft on stem sucker with woody and developed roots - Google Patents

Abstract

The method rapidly produces rose trees by placing a bevel-cut leafed graft on a support-in stem sucker with woody and developed roots. The sucker used can be relatively short, the roots having been developed by growing directly in the ground, being caused to bud rapidly in a sealed packing kept at moderate temp. The grafts used can be taken from flower stems cut at a stage where they can be used either to produce rose trees or flowers for sales, as required by the grower. The production cycle used can last for 30 to 45 days only.

Description

The roses are made. by multipliers or pepinidrists with a view to their sale for three different end uses:
- Planting in parks and gardens for their
ornamentation.

- Planting in pots or containers for
making flower pots.

- Outdoor planting or more commonly under
greenhouse for the production of cut flowers
In these three cases the rose is almost always' made up of a variety grafted on a rootstock, the direct filling of the variety being only exceptional because it gives rise to less vigorous or less durable plants.

If the number of varieties is very large, that of the rootstocks is much smaller. They can be classified according to their mode of multiplication in two groups:
- Rootstock with sexual multiplication, it is
to say by seeds (group of Canina and Multiflora
mainly).

- Rootstock with asexual multiplication is.
say by cuttings (group of Clues, Sanetti and
some Multiflora).

Grafting is the operation which consists in bringing together a variety and a rootstock so that the variety gives the aerial part (branches, leaves, flowers), while the rootstock provides the underground part (roots).

 In practice, it is the nurseryman who ensures the manufacture of the rose plant by grafting and breeding, either in the nursery or in the greenhouse. It is then the user who will guide the rose, at the end of its production cycle, to one of the three uses mentioned above.

CHAPTER I
CURRENT STATE OF ROSE PRODUCTION
The choice of production cycle by the p-pinierist leads to the manufacture of seedlings. roses that differ in their nature and use. The observation of these two criteria makes it possible to establish the classification below.

10 / The cycle in two years:
The rootstock is planted in the spring of the first year and is grafted in the summer by budding. The rootstock is folded down at the end of the winter of the second year, which allows the escutcheon to develop to form the branches of the future rose bush.

Harvesting for sale will take place in the fall of this second year.

This mode of production therefore spans two growing cycles lasting eighteen to twenty months in total. It is mainly used for roses intended for parks and gardens and flower buddies.

20 The cycle in a year and a half:
Roses intended for the production of cut flowers call for Indica rootstocks or joysticks which do not have winter dormancy and can therefore be used; 6er = under greenhouse in all seasons. The multiplication of these rootstocks is done only by cuttings. These two characteristics have led pepi nidrists to use specific production cycles for this type of rose. The one and a half year cycle is the most commonly used.

The rootstock cuttings are weighed on the mother stock of Indica or iflanetti in the fall of the first year. It is planted in the nursery as soon as possible.

In the second year the variety is grafted by budding in the spring. The rootstock is folded down a little later and the escutcheon develops to form the branches of the Ltarra- chage rose will be made ~ from November of the second anode and until
February of the following anode. The delivery to the user who produces cut flowers will extend from the start of the uprooting until
April of the following year, as a result of cold storage.

 Because of its requirements, this mode of production is confined to regions with a Mediterranean type climate. I1 also suffers from a long implementation while these products are intended for a fluctuating market due to the large number of varieties currently on the market. In addition, it requires the nurseryman to finance its stock practically two years before collection and thus assume a heavy risk of decline.

To overcome these drawbacks, shorter production cycles have been devised.

30 / The rose in pots:
This production method consists of planting in a small pot or bucket, in a greenhouse, between October and April, an unrooted rootstock cuttings from a cold store. Feeding and aerial development are sufficient about two months before grafting in the crest is practiced. The plant can be delivered with its cup thirty to forty days after grafting.

This rapid cycle; (three to four months from planting to delivery), however, leads to the manufacture and delivery of an unfinished rose bush: the graft of the variety did not necessarily start to grow (budding) and the holder transplant is not yet turned down. For these reasons, this type of rose remains very marginal.

40 / 'Hot grafting:
Nurseries in northern Europe cannot produce roses on Indica or Manatti in the nursery because of the climatic conditions. To supply roses to producers of paired roses and to limit the stock risks mentioned above, these nurserymen use rootstocks from seedlings, of Canina type, which are grafted between December and March on a heating tablet in a greenhouse according to the techniques English or veneer grafts. The plant obtained is commonly called "hot grafting".

 From the planting of the rootstock until delivery, the cycle lasts approximately forty to fifty days. The plant delivered includes a graft which is generally budded and the rootstock is folded down: these are advantages compared to roses in pots. On the other hand, this technique only applies to rootstocks from seedlings which are poorly suited to greenhouse cultivation for the production of cut flowers. This defect is so significant that only the countries of northern Europe continue to use this type of plant.

50 / The veneer graft and the ifliniplant:
These two techniques aim to quickly obtain a small rose grafted on Indica or joystick. They consist in inserting a graft on a small cutting. In the first case, the graft is placed on a woody cutting and completely disheveled. In the second case, we use a split graft per side on a herbaceous cuttings.

 These two multiplication processes are rapid (45 to 60 days to reach the delivery stage) but they produce plants which are not very vigorous and which, after planting in the user's greenhouse, only develop very slowly. For this reason they remain little used.

CHAPTER II
THE NEW MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The current state of the art therefore leads to:
- either to the manufacture of well-adapted plants for the producer of cut flowers, but very heavy to implement at the level of the nurseryman
- - or to the rapid production of plants that are relatively economical for the nurseryman, but little suited to the requirements of the producer of cut flowers.

 The manufacturing procedure described below, which is the subject of the invention, precisely consists in rapidly producing a rose plant on a rootstock-cutting (for example Indica or felanetti), bringing together the maximum of advantages both for the nursery manufacturer of plants and for the user producer of cut flowers.

The different phases of the new process are as follows
10 / The rootstock comes from an augured cutting taken early in the fall on a stem grown in the open air. It measures approximately 15 cm and has only one eye at the top, the others having been removed by means of a grafting machine (fig. 1).

20 /. This cutting is planted in the ground, in rows, at high density (about 100 per square meter instead of 10 in the traditional method) either immediately after harvesting, or in the following spring, after storage in a cold room in airtight packaging. +10. This operation aims to obtain before the uprooting a powerful and woody root system. The planting of cuttings can also be done in pots or in pots if it is desired to deliver the rose directly in these containers
This rooting is done under very economical conditions since it only requires the application of phytosanitary treatments and irrigations.

30 / Rooted cuttings obtained in the open ground are uprooted in autumn and stored in a humid cold room at +10 for use.

 40 / Depending on the demands of its customers, the manufacturer of the plant extracts the rooted cuttings from the cold room for multiplication.

50 / The rooted cuttings are returned to vegetation by placing them in airtight and damp packaging-at a temperature of 15 to 200 for 8 to 10 days.

60 / At this stage they are ready to be grafted, that is to say that the bark (loose) comes off well from the wood. The top of the cutting, comprising the branches, is removed with the pruning shears or with a saw (line A in fig. 2). A longitudinal incision of 2 to 3 cm is made on the bark of the cutting to peel it from the wood (fig. 3
70 / The graft is taken from the flower stems of an adult rose of the desired variety at the bud flower stage.

 A simple bevel cut (line B in fig. 4) is made, leaving the sheet in whole or in part, depending on its surface.

80 / The graft thus prepared is slipped under the bark
raised from the box (fig. 5).

9o / The rootstock cutting and the graft are kept adjusted by a fixing means, for example made of rubber or
plastic. At this stage, a fungicidal scar is applied to
the richly cut top of the cutting and the graft.

IO / This grafted cutting is placed in a greenhouse at 150
approximately, under artificial mist (mist), or under chassis, or
under plastic tunnel. The main thing is to maintain humidity
relative to 100% during the time required to weld the
graft and rootstock. We will avoid during this same period
exaggerated sunstrokes.

If the manufacturer wishes to make a supply to
bare roots, these are buried during this phase in
a porous and absorbent substrate, kept moist.

If the rooted cuttings come from a crop
in a bucket (see 2 page 5) is the bucket which is directly placed
under these conditions after having been revegetated under
tightens at 150 for ten days.

Finally, the manufacturer can also at this stage place
the cutting grafted in a bucket, which will deliver
client a rooted plant, in clod, s1 similar to that described
in the previous paragraph.

110 / Depending on the variety and the location of the graft chosen
on the flower stem, the soldering and the start of the graft are
produce in 15 to 30 days. It is then necessary to "harden" the young plant obtained, that is to say to gradually accustom it to less humid atmospheric conditions. This hardening is done in 3 or 4 days by gradually opening the chassis-or by spacing 'more and more the "mist" (cf.IO0 p.6).

 12 / The young plant thus produced can then be supplied to the user who produces cut flowers, who will plant it in a greenhouse. To ensure recovery after planting, it will suffice to maintain high humidity for a few days, especially in the case of a bare root plantation.

If the user has chosen a supply of plants in pots, no special care will be necessary.

 I30 / The user who produces cut flowers will then cultivate these plants as if they were standard roses.

CHAPTER III
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE NEW PROCESS
This new multiplication process brings a series of ineffective advantages for both the manufacturer and the user.

10 / For the manufacturer:
-Rapidity: from the exit of the rooted cuttings from the
cold room until delivery of young
plants, the cycle lasts only 30 to 45 days. Thereby
the manufacturing decision and the choice of; the variety
can be done at the last moment, depending on
user commands.

-Economy: the stock which is limited only to
rooted cuttings, whereas in the classic system
it concerns roses produced in a year and a half,
represents a greatly diminished value. Moreover, the
rootstock cuttings used are twice as much
shorter than in the classical system. Finally, the stadium
precocious cutting of the graft of the variety allows for Ori
day by day flower stems, either towards the
production of grafts, or towards the sale of flowers.

Simplicity: the procEdd is very simple to set up
work even with sketchy investments and
a low-skilled workforce. It lends itself to a
industrial type manufacturing.

- Versatility: this process can be used in all
seasons and in all climates, especially in
Northern European countries, which constitutes an advantage
very important in relation to the state of the
technical.

For For the user:
Convenience: the plant is "finished", that is to say that the
the rootstock is already folded down and the graft is
started. Due to the speed of manufacturing,
the user can decide on the choice of variety
minimum time before planting. He will be able to
opt for a bucket or bare root supply,
depending on who wants to facilitate recovery in the greenhouse
or lower its purchase price.

economy: the plant with woody roots0
already well developed, shoot after planting
in the greenhouse will be very fast. Brevity and simplicity
city of the manufacture of the plant will allow prices
competitive sales. Finally, flower growers
cut off from northern countries will have
on the spot of plants grafted on Indica or ranetti,
while currently only importing seedlings
classics produced in a year and a half theirs per
would put. The cost of this importation
practically prohibited until now, despite the
superior value of these rootstocks.

Safety: the sanitary conditions of multiplication
are particularly favorable. The vegetarianization
tion before grafting makes it easy to locate and
to eliminate rooted cuttings which would be affected
Crown Gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) or Chancre
(Coniothyrium fuckelii). Then during the brief
duration of manufacturing, prophylactic treatments
eliminate other parasites.

Finally, even in the case of a planting of seedlings to
bare roots, recovery in the greenhouse will be practically
ensured with the simple precautions indicated
at 120 page 7. This is due to the fact that at the time
from delivery the plants are already in vegetation
and have adult roots.

Claims (1)

Claim n01  Very fast manufacturing process for rose plants.  by placing a beveled leafy graft on a cutting  rootstock with woody and developed roots.  Claim # 02 Method according to claim 1, characterized by the use, as a rootstock, of a much larger cutting  shorter than in conventional processes and having acquired  woody roots and developed after a growing season in the open ground.  Claim # 03  Process according to claims N 1 and 2, characterized  by rapid revegetation of rootstocks, with a view to their grafting, in airtight packaging kept at a temperate temperature.  Claim N04 Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized  by the use of grafts from cut flower stems  at such a stage that they can be oriented either towards the  grafting roses, or towards the sale of flowers according to  needs of the manufacturer.  Claim # 05  Process according to claims n01 to 4, characterized  by the fact that the production cycle lasts only 30 to 45 days,  which makes it possible to decide on the choice of the variety to be grafted to the whole  last moment. Claim # 06  Method according to claims n01 to 5, characterized by a possible application in all regions and in particular in the most northern, on the contrary -conventional techniques. Claim # 07 Process according to Claims Nos. 1 to 6, characterized in that the risks of contamination are very low, compared with the other processes thanks to the possibility of eliminating rootstocks deemed to be sick after they have been planted and to simple use of prophylactic means during the short duration of the production cycle. Claim 8  Process according to claims n01 to 7, developed on rose bushes but which, by its principles, may be extended to all woody plants and in particular fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs usually propagated by grafting. Claim # 09  All the products obtained by putting the process, object of the invention into practice, according to claims n01 to 8.