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DK147870B - HEARING CONNECTION WITH A MICROPHONE AND A HEADPHONE - Google Patents

HEARING CONNECTION WITH A MICROPHONE AND A HEADPHONE Download PDF

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Publication number
DK147870B
DK147870B DK602174AA DK602174A DK147870B DK 147870 B DK147870 B DK 147870B DK 602174A A DK602174A A DK 602174AA DK 602174 A DK602174 A DK 602174A DK 147870 B DK147870 B DK 147870B
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Prior art keywords
transistor
signal
low frequency
microphone
threshold
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DK602174AA
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Danish (da)
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DK147870C (en
DK602174A (en
Inventor
Fritz Hueber
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Viennatone Hoergeraete
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Publication of DK147870B publication Critical patent/DK147870B/en
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Publication of DK147870C publication Critical patent/DK147870C/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/50Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics
    • H04R25/502Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics using analog signal processing

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Description

147870147870

Opfindelsen angår en høreapparatkobling med en mikrofon og en hovedtelefon, mellem hvilke en lavfrekvenskanal med for- og udgangsforstærker for nyttesignalet er indkoblet.The invention relates to a hearing aid coupling with a microphone and a headphone, between which a low frequency channel with pre- and output amplifier for the utility signal is switched on.

Mange hørehæmmede, især sådanne, som for første gang bliver forsynet med et høreapparat, klager over den generende hørbarhed af al omgivelsesstøj ved deres apparat. I modsætning til normalt hørende, som med deres to sunde ører i høj grad har den evne at negligere en diffus forstyrrelsesstøj og koncentrere sig om det ønskede nyttesignal, går denne evne for størstedelen tabt for hørehæmmede, som normalt kun bliver forsynet med et høreap- 2 147870 parat på det ene øre- Følgen deraf er, at mange hørehæmmede modtager den hele tiden tilstedeværende - og i og for sig uønskede ekstra støj subjektivt som for høj, og ofte alene af denne grund giver afkald på et høreapparat.Many hearing impaired, especially those who are first fitted with a hearing aid, complain about the annoying audibility of all ambient noise by their apparatus. Contrary to normal hearing, which with their two healthy ears has the ability to neglect a diffuse disturbance noise and concentrate on the desired utility signal, this ability is for the most part lost to hearing impaired, which is usually only provided with a hearing aid. 147870 ready for one ear- The consequence is that many hearing impaired receive it constantly present - and in themselves undesirable extra noise subjectively as too high, and often for this reason alone renounces a hearing aid.

Man ønsker derfor et høreapparat, som undertrykker den uønskede sidestøj ved, at overføringen af en sådan sidestøj til hovedtelefonen indtil et bestemt niveau normalt er spærret. Først når der er et lavfrekvenssignal, nyttesignal eller et støjsignal, hvis styrke ligger over dette niveau, bør overføringsvejen åbnes og lavfrekvenssignalet være forstærket i hørbar grad. Et sådant høreapparat har en indgangs-udgangskarakteristik som vist i fig. 1.It is therefore desirable to have a hearing aid which suppresses the unwanted side noise by transferring such a side noise to the headphone until a certain level is normally blocked. Only when there is a low-frequency signal, utility signal or a noise signal whose strength is above this level should the transmission path be opened and the low-frequency signal amplified to an audible degree. Such a hearing aid has an input-output characteristic as shown in FIG. First

Mens der ved kendte høreapparater også ved lavt indgangsniveau hersker et lineært forhold imellem indgangslydtrykket pi og udgangslydtrykket po (stiplet linie), skal der ifølge opfindelsen opnås en undertrykkelse af udgangssignalet for alle indgangsniveauer, som er mindre end tærskelværdiniveauet pi'. Fra tærskelværdien skal forstærkningen så stige lineært (den optrukne linie), indtil udgangsniveauet endelig ved værdien po' opnår sin mætningsværdi .While, at known hearing aids, there is also a linear relationship between the input sound pressure p1 and the output sound pressure po (dashed line) at low input level, according to the invention, a suppression of the output signal for all input levels less than the threshold level p1 is obtained. From the threshold, the gain must then increase linearly (the line drawn) until the output level finally reaches its saturation value at the po 'value.

Tærskelværdi-koblinger har længe været kendt fra radioteknikken under betegnelsen "støj-spærring", "stumafstemning" osv. Men alle disse koblinger benytter af nærliggende grunde de modtagne signalers højfrekvensbærebølge som styrende kriterium for ind- og udkoblingen af lavfrekvens-overføringsvejen. Da der ved høreapparater dog ingen højfrekvensbærebølge er til stede, må styresignalet afledes fra selve lavfrekvenssignalet.Threshold couplings have long been known from the radio technique under the term "noise barrier", "mute tuning", etc. But all these couplings, for obvious reasons, use the high frequency carrier received signals as a controlling criterion for the switching on and off of the low frequency transmission path. However, as there is no high frequency carrier present with hearing aids, the control signal must be derived from the low frequency signal itself.

Det er derfor opfindelsens formål at tilvejebringe et høreapparat, som ved fremkomsten af et lavfrekvenssignal (nyttesignal og støjsignal) over et tærskelværdiniveau pludselig sætter ind og så forstærker lineært. Dette opnås med en høreapparatkobling af den allerede nævnte art ved, at der til lavfrekvenskanalen hører en tærskelværdi-omskifter, som spærrer lavfrekvenskanalen indtil en i forvejen given, fortrinsvis indstillelig tærskelværdi af det af nyttesignalet og omgivelsesstøjen dannede ind- 147870 3 gangslydtryk ved mikrofonens indgang, hvorhos styresignalet for tærskelværdi-omskifteren er afledt af det fra mikrofonen afgivne lavfrekvenssignal. En foretrukken udførelsesform ifølge opfindelsen består i, at tærskelværdiomskifteren er dannet ved hjælp af en kontakttransistor (T^), hvis kollektor-emittervej er således forbundet med indgangskredsen til en transistor, fortrinsvis lavfrekvenskanalens udgangstransistor (T^), at den ind- og udkobler denne.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a hearing aid which, upon the appearance of a low frequency signal (utility signal and noise signal) above a threshold level, suddenly inserts and then amplifies linearly. This is achieved with a hearing aid coupling of the kind already mentioned by the fact that a low-frequency switch is included which lowers the low-frequency channel until a predetermined, preferably adjustable threshold value of the input signal formed by the utility signal and the ambient noise is formed by the low frequency channel. wherein the control signal for the threshold switch is derived from the low frequency signal emitted from the microphone. A preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that the threshold switch is formed by means of a contact transistor (T 1) whose collector-emitter path is thus connected to the input circuit of a transistor, preferably the low frequency channel output transistor (T 2), to switch it on and off. .

Opfindelsen skal i det følgende nærmere beskrives med henvisning til tegningen, hvorpå fig. 1 viser en tilstræbt indgangs-udgangskarakteristik for høreapparatet ifølge opfindelsen, og fig. 2 viser et udførelseseksempel ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a desired input-output characteristic of the hearing aid according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

Høreapparatet ifølge fig. 2 har en mikrofon 1, som via en forstærker 2, et potentiometer 3 og en kondensator C2 er til basis for en udgangstransistor T^. TJdgangstransistorens T^ kollekter er via en hovedtelefon 4 sluttet til den positive klemme (+), og dens emitter er direkte sluttet til batteriets negative klemme (-). Mellem udgangstransistorens T^ basis og batteriets positive klemme er kollektor-emittervejen for en kontakttransistor T2 i serie med en modstand Rg. I parallel med kontakttransistorens 3?2 kollektor-emittervej er koblet en kondensator C^. forforstærkerens 2 udgang er via en kondensator forbundet med basis af en forforstærkertransistor T^. Transistorens T^ kollektor er forbundet til batteriets positive klemme (+) over modstanden af et potentiometer 5 med to skydere 7, 8, hvorimod transistorens T^ emitter er forbundet med batteriets negative klemme (-). Kontakttransistorens T2 basis kan via en kondensator og en kontaktenheds 6 første eller andet-klemmepar sluttes til potentiometerets 5 henholdsvis første og anden skyder 7, 8. Desuden kan kontakttransistorens T2 basis over et tredje klemmepar på kontaktenheden 6 og en modstand R2 sluttes til batteriets negative klemme (-). Transi- 4 147870 storens "basis er over en modstand ført til forbindelses-punktet mellem modstande R^, R^, som er koblet i serie imellem transistorens ¢3 kollektor og batteriets negative klemme (-)„The hearing aid of FIG. 2 has a microphone 1 which via a amplifier 2, a potentiometer 3 and a capacitor C2 are the basis of an output transistor T1. The T ^ collector of the input transistor is connected to the positive terminal (+) via a headphone 4 and its emitter is directly connected to the negative terminal of the battery (-). Between the output transistor T ^ base and the positive terminal of the battery is the collector-emitter path of a contact transistor T2 in series with a resistor Rg. In parallel with the collector-emitter path of the contact transistor 3, a capacitor C1 is coupled. the output of the preamplifier 2 is connected via a capacitor to the base of a preamplifier transistor T1. The transistor T ^ collector is connected to the positive terminal (+) of the battery over the resistance of a potentiometer 5 with two sliders 7, 8, whereas the transistor T ^ emitter is connected to the negative terminal (-) of the battery. The base of the contact transistor T2 can be connected via a capacitor and the first or second terminal pairs of the contact unit 6 to the first and second slides 7, 8 of the potentiometer 5, respectively. (-). The "base" of the transistor is over a resistor passed to the junction of resistors R ^, R ^, which are connected in series between the collector of the transistor ¢ 3 and the negative terminal of the battery (-) "

Mellem modstandenes R^, R^ forbindelsespunkt og kontakttransistorens Tg basis er indskudt en modstand R^.Between the resistor R 1, R 1 connection point and the base of the contact transistor Tg a resistor R 1 is inserted.

Arbejdsmåden for koblingen i fig. 2 er som følger: Det fra mikro fonen 1 optagede lavfrekvenssignal bliver forstærket ved hjælp af forforstærkeren 2 og via potentiometeret 3 ført til individuel lydstyrkeindstilling og kondensatoren Cg ved basis af udgangstransistoren T^.The operation of the coupling in FIG. 2 is as follows: The low frequency signal received from the microphone 1 is amplified by the preamplifier 2 and via the potentiometer 3 is applied to individual volume setting and the capacitor Cg at the base of the output transistor T1.

1 hviletilstand, dvs. ved små indgangssignaler, som i første række dannes som følge af omgivelsesstøj, opnår kontakttransistoren Tg over spændingsdeleren R^/R^ og over R^ en sådan forspænding, at den er spærret. Men derved får basis af udgangstransistoren T^ ingen forspænding over Rg, og T^ er ligeledes spærret. Hovedtelefonen 4 er derfor strømløs, og der fremkommer ingen gengivelse. Punktet 9 af koblingen ligger næsten ved den fulde driftsspænding. Forstærkningstransistoren T^ er ligesom forforstærkeren 2 i drift hele tiden og uafhængig af indgangslydstyrken. Lavfrekvenssignalet er ved dens basis i praksis uafhængig af stillingen af potentiometeret 3. Let ved arbejdsmodstanden 5 fra T^ aftagne lavfrekvenssignal bliver via kontaktenhedens 6 sluttede første klem-mepar og kondensatoren 0^ ført til kontakttransistoren Tg. Ved dennes basis-emitterstrskning bliver signalet ensrettet og åbner kontakttransistoren Tg, så snart signalet har nået en bestemt amplitude. Ved små indgangssignaler er dette dog ikke tilfældet.1 resting state, i.e. at small input signals, which are primarily formed as a result of ambient noise, the contact transistor Tg obtains over the voltage divider R ^ / R ^ and over R ^ such a bias that it is blocked. But thereby the basis of the output transistor T ^ is not biased over Rg and T ^ is also blocked. Therefore, the headphone 4 is powerless and no reproduction appears. Point 9 of the coupling is almost at full operating voltage. The amplifier transistor T ^, like the preamplifier 2, is constantly operating and independent of the input volume. At its base, the low-frequency signal is in practice independent of the position of the potentiometer 3. The low-frequency signal taken off by the resistor 5 from T ^ is passed via the first terminal pairs of the contact unit 6 and the capacitor 0 ^ to the contact transistor Tg. At its base-emitter threshold, the signal becomes unidirectional and opens the contact transistor Tg as soon as the signal has reached a certain amplitude. However, this is not the case for small input signals.

Først når et kraftigere signal, som er over en i forvejen given tærskelværdi, rammer mikrofonen, optræder der ved forforstærkerens 2 udgang en højere lavfrekvensspænding, som ved hjælp af transistoren T^ bliver videreforstærket og gør kontakttransistoren Tg delvis ledende. Lerved kan der over modstanden Rg flyde en udgangs-trin-basisstrøm, som også gør udgangstransistoren T^ delvis ledende. Som følge af det nu optrædende spændingsfald ved hovedtelefonen bliver spændingen ved punktet 9 derfor mere negativ, hvor- 147870 5 ved kontakttransistoren T2 bliver åbnet endnu mere og udgangstransistoren fuldt indkoblet. Ved anbringelsen af modstanden R^ til punktet 9 sker overgangen fra spærre- til ledende tilstand lavineagtigt, koblingen opnår et kipforhold.Only when a more powerful signal which is above a predetermined threshold hits the microphone does a higher low frequency voltage appear at the output of the preamplifier 2 which is further amplified by the transistor T ^ and partially makes the contact transistor Tg conductive. Hereby, an output stage base current can flow over the resistor Rg which also makes the output transistor T1 partially conductive. Therefore, due to the current voltage drop at the headphone, the voltage at the point 9 becomes more negative, whereby at the contact transistor T2 is opened even more and the output transistor is fully switched on. By applying the resistor R 1 to the point 9, the transition from the lock to the conductive state is avalanche-like, the coupling achieves a tilt ratio.

Hvis lavfrekvenssignalet kommer under en bestemt værdi, så bliver den ensrettede signalspænding ved kontakttransistorens Tg basis igen mindre. Men den over modstanden tilførte jævnspænding kan ikke alene holde kontakttransistoren Tg åbnet. Kontakttransistoren T2 bliver igen højohmsk, og kontakten kipper tilbage i den spærrede tilstand. Kondensatoren forhindrer for det første gennemslag af lavfrekvenssignaler over transistorerne T.j, Tg til udgangstransistoren T^, og for det andet bevirker den en vis forsinkelse af kipningen, således at ganske korte støjimpulser ikke vil kunne påvirke koblingen.If the low frequency signal falls below a certain value, then the unidirectional signal voltage at the base of the contact transistor Tg becomes smaller. However, the DC applied over the resistor can not only keep the contact transistor Tg open. The contact transistor T2 again becomes high-ohmic and the switch ticks back into the locked state. First, the capacitor prevents low-frequency signals from transmitting transistors T1, Tg to the output transistor T1, and secondly, it causes a certain delay of the tilt so that very short noise pulses will not affect the coupling.

Den størrelse af indgangssignalerne, ved hvilken omkipningen sker fra spærret til ledende tilstand, afhænger af amplituden af lavfrekvenssignalerne ved basis af koblingstransistoren Tg. Med den udefra betjenelige kontaktenhed S har den tungt hørende selv mulighed for at tilpasse omskiftningstærskelen til hans omgivelsers momentant akustiske tilstande. I stærkt støjfyldte rum vil han indstille tærskelen til et højere niveau, da nyttelyden (tale) ligeledes er højere her (man forsøger uvilkårligt ved samtale at hæve stemmen over omgivelsesstøjen).The magnitude of the input signals at which the switching occurs from the locked to conductive state depends on the amplitude of the low frequency signals at the base of the coupling transistor Tg. With the externally operable switching unit S, the heavy-hearing self has the opportunity to adjust the switching threshold to the instantaneous acoustic conditions of his surroundings. In high-noise rooms, he will set the threshold to a higher level, since the usefulness (speech) is also higher here (one tries to raise the voice above ambient noise involuntarily in conversation).

Hvis kontaktenheden S er i den viste øverste stilling, så bliver kun en mindre del af den forstærkede signalspænding fra arbejdsmodstanden 5 virksom ved kontakttransistoren Tg. Signalet må være meget kraftigt, for at åbne kontakttransistoren Tg. I den midterste omskifterstilling bliver derimod det samlede ved modstanden 5 stående signal virksomt ved kontakttransistoren T2, og transistoren Tg bliver derfor åbnet allerede ved mindre indgangslydstyrker. Men hvis omskifterenheden S befinder sig i den nederste stilling, så bliver kontakttransistoren Tg hele tiden holdt åbnet over modstanden Rg, tærskelværdiomskifteren er ude af funktion.If the contact unit S is in the upper position shown, then only a minor part of the amplified signal voltage from the working resistor 5 becomes active at the contact transistor Tg. The signal must be very powerful to open the contact transistor Tg. In the middle switching position, on the other hand, the total signal standing at the resistor 5 becomes active at the contact transistor T2, and the transistor Tg is therefore already opened at smaller input volumes. However, if the switching unit S is in the lower position, then the contact transistor Tg is kept open above the resistor Rg, the threshold switch is inoperative.

Claims (2)

1. Høreapparatkobling med en mikrofon (1) og en hovedtelefon (4), mellem hvilke en lavfrekvenskanal med for- og udgangsfor-stærker-transistortrin (henholdsvis 2 og Tj) for nyttesignalet er indkoblet, kendetegnet ved, at der til lavfrekvenskanalen hører en tærskelværdi-omskifter, som spærrer lavfrekvenskanalen indtil en i forvejen given, fortrinsvis indstillelig tærskelværdi af det af nyttesignalet og omgivelsesstøjen dannede indgangslydtryk ved mikrofonens indgang, hvorhos styresignalet for tærskelværdi-omskifteren er afledt af det fra mikrofonen (1) afgivne lavfrekvenssignal.Hearing aid coupling with a microphone (1) and a headphone (4), between which a low frequency channel with pre- and output amplifier transistor steps (2 and Tj respectively) for the utility signal is connected, characterized in that a low frequency channel has a threshold value. switch which blocks the low frequency channel up to a predetermined, preferably adjustable threshold value of the input sound pressure produced by the utility signal and the ambient noise at the microphone input, the threshold signal control signal being derived from that of the low frequency signal (1). 2. Høreapparatkobling ifølge krav 1, kendetegn’et ved, at tærskelværdiomskifteren er dannet ved hjælp af en kontakttransistor (T2), hvis kollektor-emittervej er således forbundet med indgangskredsen til en transistor, fortrinsvis .lavfrekvenskanalens udgangstransistor (T3), at den ind- og udkobler denne.Hearing aid coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the threshold switch is formed by means of a contact transistor (T2), whose collector-emitter path is thus connected to the input circuit of a transistor, preferably the output frequency transistor (T3) of the low frequency channel. and disables this.
DK602174A 1973-11-21 1974-11-20 HEARING CONNECTION WITH A MICROPHONE AND A HEADPHONE DK147870C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT975773A AT324460B (en) 1973-11-21 1973-11-21 HEARING AID CONTROL
AT975773 1973-11-21

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DK602174A DK602174A (en) 1975-07-21
DK147870B true DK147870B (en) 1984-12-24
DK147870C DK147870C (en) 1985-06-24

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US (1) US3928733A (en)
AT (1) AT324460B (en)
CH (1) CH580899A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2452998C2 (en)
DK (1) DK147870C (en)
GB (1) GB1452564A (en)

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AT324460B (en) 1975-09-10
DK147870C (en) 1985-06-24
GB1452564A (en) 1976-10-13
CH580899A5 (en) 1976-10-15
DK602174A (en) 1975-07-21
DE2452998C2 (en) 1983-09-01
US3928733A (en) 1975-12-23
DE2452998A1 (en) 1975-05-22

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