DK144222B - ROEG COVER AMMUNITION - Google Patents
ROEG COVER AMMUNITION Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK144222B DK144222B DK76776AA DK76776A DK144222B DK 144222 B DK144222 B DK 144222B DK 76776A A DK76776A A DK 76776AA DK 76776 A DK76776 A DK 76776A DK 144222 B DK144222 B DK 144222B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- smoke
- duration
- smoke part
- fast
- rapid
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
- F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
- F41H9/08—Smoke-pots without propulsive charge, i.e. stationary
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/10—Hand-held or body-worn self-defence devices using repellant gases or chemicals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
i 144222and 144222
Opfindelsen angår røgdækningsammunition med såvel hurtigt indtrædende som langvarig dækningsvirkning.The invention relates to smoke cover ammunition with both rapid onset and long lasting cover effect.
Ved anvendelsen af røgdækningsammunition i militære operationer til afskærmning af et begrænset eller udstrakt terrænafsnit 5 har forskellige krav til virkningen i visse henseender været van skelige eller umulige at forene. Således kræves med forskellig prioritet,dels at afskærmningen skal opnås hurtigt, og dels at virkningen skal have en varighed, der hyppigt er på et eller flere minutter.In the use of smoke cover ammunition in military operations to shield a restricted or extensive terrain section 5, various impact requirements have in some respects been difficult or impossible to reconcile. Thus, it is required with different priority, partly that the shielding must be achieved quickly, and partly that the effect must have a duration that is frequently one or more minutes.
10 Den hurtige dæknings- eller afskærmningsvirkning har kunnet opnås med røgdækningsammunition, hvor hele røgsatsen bringes i funktion ved sprængning i den såkaldte momentane røgdækningsammunition. Varigheden af sådanne røgdækninger er stærkt afhængig af vindens hastighed og retning i forhold til sigtelinien mellem 15 fjenden og egne styrker. Varigheden kan under gunstige omstændig heder være helt op til ca. 30 sekunder. Under tværvind indskrænker virkningstiden sig til nogle få sekunder. Røgsatser til ammunition af denne art er f.eks. fosfor og titantetrachlorid eller røgsatser ifølge beskrivelsen til svensk patent nr. 300.773.The fast covering or shielding effect has been achieved with smoke cover ammunition, where the entire smoke charge is brought into operation by blasting in the so-called instantaneous smoke cover ammunition. The duration of such smoke cover is strongly dependent on the speed and direction of the wind in relation to the line of sight between the enemy and its own forces. The duration can, under favorable conditions, be up to approx. 30 seconds. During crosswinds, the action time is limited to a few seconds. Smoke rates for ammunition of this kind are e.g. phosphorus and titanium tetrachloride or fumes as described in Swedish Patent No. 300,773.
20 Under visse omstændigheder er denne hurtige virkning med kort varighed fyldestgørende, men i andre tilfælde er det stadig ønskeligt at opnå en hurtig virkning, men også en garanteret varighed på et eller flere minutter.20 In some circumstances this rapid effect with short duration is adequate, but in other cases it is still desirable to obtain a rapid effect but also a guaranteed duration of one or more minutes.
Langvarig røgudlægning opnås erfaringsmæssigt bedst ved at 25 forbrænde et røglegeme af den såkaldte brændende type, som under forbrændingen pr. tidsenhed udvikler en tilstrækkelig mængde aerosolpartikler til afskærmningsvirkning. Forbrændingsdistancen for legemet kombineret med satsens forbrændingshastighed bestemmer røgudviklingens varighed. Røgdækningsammunition af denne type er 30 helt tilfredsstillende under forhold, hvor kravet om hurtig virkning er lavere prioriteret, og hvor det væsentlige ligger i at opnå størst mulig røgvirkning, d.v.s. stor dæknings- eller afskærmningsbredde og lang varighed. Røgsatser til denne type dækningsammunition er de såkaldte HC-satser, d.v.s. satser bestående 35 af hexachloretan, zinkoxid og aluminium eller tilsvarende satser, f.eks. de der kendes fra beskrivelsen til svensk patent nr.Experience has shown that long-term smoke installation is best achieved by burning a smoke body of the so-called burning type, which during the combustion per unit of time develops a sufficient amount of aerosol particles for shielding effect. The combustion distance of the body combined with the rate of combustion of the batch determines the duration of smoke evolution. Smoke coverage ammunition of this type is completely satisfactory in conditions where the requirement for rapid action is lower priority, and where the essential thing is to achieve the greatest possible smoke effect, i.e. large cover or shield width and long duration. Smoke rates for this type of cover ammunition are the so-called HC rates, i.e. batches consisting of 35 of hexachloroethane, zinc oxide and aluminum or equivalent batches, e.g. those known from the description of Swedish patent no.
359.289.359,289.
Under visse forhold hersker der som tidligere nævnt et taktisk behov for en kombination af en hurtig virkning og en vis 40 garanteret varighed. Dette krav er særligt fremtrædende ved kort- 144222 2 distance ammunition, f.eks. røghåndgranater, geværrøggranater og ved visse direkte skydende pjecer.Under certain conditions, as previously mentioned, there is a tactical need for a combination of a rapid effect and a certain guaranteed duration. This requirement is particularly prominent in short-range ammunition, e.g. smoke hand grenades, rifle smoke grenades and by certain direct firing pamphlets.
Med henblik på i nogen grad at forbedre røgdækningsammunition, som primært er beregnet til at have en længere varighed, er der 5 i en sådan ammunition anbragt satser med forskellig brandhastig hed. Ved først i et kortere tidsrum at forbruge en sats med størst mulig brandhastighed og i den resterende tid at brænde en sats med normal brandhastighed, har kravet om hurtighed til en vis grad kunnet imødekommes. Dette princip har dog sin begrænsning 10 ved, at en forøgelse af satsens brandhastighed kun har kunnet opnås ved hjælp af tilsætninger, som bevirker, at ammunitionens røgudviklingsvirkning pr. vægtenhed nedsættes væsentligt.In order to improve to some extent smoke coverage ammunition, which is primarily intended to have a longer duration, there are 5 in such ammunition placed batches with different fire rates. By first consuming a rate with the greatest possible rate of fire for a shorter period of time and for the remaining time burning a rate with normal rate of fire, the requirement for speed has to a certain extent been met. However, this principle has its limitation 10 in that an increase in the rate of fire of the batch has only been achieved by means of additives which cause the smoke development effect of the ammunition per unit of weight is significantly reduced.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår således røgdækningsammuni-tion med såvel hurtigt indtrædende som langvarig dækningsvirkning, 15 d.v.s. som giver en røgfrembringelse, som både indtræder hurtigt, og som har varighed, hvor røglegemet består af en fast røgsats af den såkaldte brændende type. Den ønskede virkning opnås ved, at røgammunitionen har de i krav 1 angivne kendetegn.The present invention thus relates to smoke cover ammunition with both rapid onset and long lasting cover effect, i.e. which produces a smoke which occurs both rapidly and which has a duration in which the smoke body consists of a fixed rate of smoke of the so-called burning type. The desired effect is achieved by the smoke ammunition having the characteristics specified in claim 1.
Udviklingen af både momentan og kontinuerlig røg opnås ved, 20 at røglegemet er opdelt i en hurtigrøgdel og en varighedsrøgdel inde i et og samme hylster, hvor hurtigrøgdelen har højere brandhastighed end varighedsrøgdelen til trods for, at der anvendes samme satssammensætning eller blot en inden for grænserne for fuldgod røgudviklingsvirkning varieret satssammensætning i både hur-25 tigrøgdel og varighedsrøgdel. Forøgelsen af brandhastigheden i hurtigrøgdelen opnås ved en forøget brandflade. Ifølge en fore-trukken udførelsesform er brandfladen indrettet til at bibeholdes praktisk taget konstant under hele forbrændingen.The development of both instantaneous and continuous smoke is achieved by the smoke body being divided into a fast smoke part and a duration smoke part inside one and the same casing, where the fast smoke part has a higher fire rate than the duration smoke part despite using the same batch composition or just one within the limits for full smoke development effect varied batch composition in both fast smoke part and duration smoke part. The increase in the fire velocity in the rapid smoke part is achieved by an increased fire surface. According to a preferred embodiment, the fire surface is arranged to be kept practically constant during the entire combustion.
Den hurtige røgudviklingsvirkning kan således opnås ved at 30 forbrænde et antal mindre røgsatslegemer,som har en eller flere overflader, der er helt eller næsten helt udsat for antændelse.The rapid smoke development effect can thus be obtained by burning a number of smaller batch bodies which have one or more surfaces which are completely or almost completely exposed to ignition.
Der kan være indrettet organer til samtidig antændelse af legemerne. Ved dette arrangement kan der under udnyttelse af en ud fra røgudviklingseffektivitetssynspunkter fuldgod sats afbrændes 35 en stor mængde røgsats under en kortvarig første fase. Varighedsrøglegemet antændes samtidigt med hurtigrøgdelen. Varighedsrøglegemets røgsatsafbrænding er fortrinsvis lineært ensartet ved, at dette legeme kun eksponerer en af overfladerne.Means may be provided for simultaneous ignition of the bodies. In this arrangement, using a rate which, from the point of view of smoke development efficiency, is complete, a large amount of smoke batch can be burned during a short first phase. The duration smoke body ignites at the same time as the fast smoke part. The smoke rate burning of the duration smoke body is preferably linearly uniform in that this body exposes only one of the surfaces.
Ved hjælp af den foreliggende opfindelse kan forskellige krav 40 opfyldes i en udstrækning,som ikke har kunnet opnås ved tidligere 3 144222 kendte arrangementer. Således kan følgende egenskaber frit og hver for sig varieres alene ved formgivning: a) den totale røgmængde under hurtigrøgudviklingsforløbet. Denne styres af det rumfang i hele røgsatsbeholdervolumenet, som er 5 tildelt hurtigdelen; b) røgmængden pr. tidsenhed og varigheden for hurtigrøgudviklingsforløbet. Denne styres ved formgivning af de enkelte legemer og/eller ved deres antal; c) røgudviklingsfordelingen under hurtigrøgudviklingsforløbet.By means of the present invention, various requirements 40 can be met to an extent which could not be achieved by previously known arrangements. Thus, the following properties can be freely and individually varied by design alone: a) the total amount of smoke during the rapid smoke development process. This is controlled by the volume in the entire smoke batch container volume which is assigned to the quick part; b) the amount of smoke per unit of time and the duration of the rapid smoke development process. This is controlled by the design of the individual bodies and / or by their number; c) the smoke development distribution during the rapid smoke development process.
10 Denne styres ved valg af de enkelte legemers geometri. Således giver et massivt, cylindrisk legeme en stærkt aftagende brandflade og dermed stærkt aftagende røgudvikling. Et cylindrisk legeme med et gennemgående hul giver en svagt aftagende brandflade.10 This is controlled by selecting the geometry of the individual bodies. Thus, a solid, cylindrical body gives a strongly decreasing fire surface and thus strongly decreasing smoke development. A cylindrical body with a through hole provides a slightly decreasing fire surface.
Andre former kan naturligvis også komme på tale; 15 d) røgudviklingens varighed i varighedsdelen, som styres af dette legemes længde; e) røgudviklingen pr. tidsenhed i varighedsrøgdelen,son styres af den afbrændte mængde pr. tidsenhed, som igen afhænger af brandfladens størrelse og brandhastighed, hvoraf den sidstnævnte egen-20 skab forudsættes kun at blive varieret inden for de snævre grænser, som giver fuldgod røgudviklingsvirkning pr. vægtenhed.Other forms can of course also be considered; 15 d) the duration of smoke evolution in the duration part, which is controlled by the length of this body; e) the smoke development per. unit of time in the duration of the smoke, which is controlled by the amount burned per. unit of time, which in turn depends on the size and rate of fire of the fire surface, of which the latter property is assumed to be varied only within the narrow limits which give a full smoke development effect per. unit of weight.
Krudtlag, f.eks. sortkrudt, er anbragt mellem hurtigrøgdelen og varighedsrøgdelen til antændelse af røgsatsen. Ligeledes kan der være anbragt krudtlag mellem dellegemerne i hurtigrøgdelen 25 og oven på hurtigrøgdelens bort fra varighedsrøgdelen vendende side, hvorved der opnås en forøget antændingsvirkning.Gunpowder layers, e.g. black powder, is placed between the rapid smoke part and the duration smoke part to ignite the smoke rate. Likewise, a layer of gunpowder can be arranged between the sub-bodies in the fast smoke part 25 and on top of the side facing away from the duration smoke part away from the duration smoke part, whereby an increased ignition effect is obtained.
Hurtigrøgdelen har hensigtsmæssigt en virkningstid på 2-20 sekunder, fortrinsvis 5-15 sekunder, mens varighedsrøgdelen hensigtsmæssigt har en virkningstid på 0,5-6 minutter, fortrinsvis 30 1-3 minutterThe rapid smoke part suitably has an action time of 2-20 seconds, preferably 5-15 seconds, while the duration smoke part suitably has an action time of 0.5-6 minutes, preferably 30 1-3 minutes.
Opfindelsen vil i det følgende blive nærmere forklaret under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et længdesnit gennem en røggranat ifølge en første udførelsesform for opfindelsen, hvor granaten 35 er opbygget af en hurtigrøgdel og en varighedsrøgdel, fig. 2 et snit efter linien II-II i fig. 1, og fig. 3 et længdesnit gennem en anden udførelsesform for en røggranat ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a smoke grenade according to a first embodiment of the invention, wherein the grenade 35 is built up of a rapid smoke part and a duration smoke part, fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II in fig. 1, and FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through another embodiment of a smoke grenade according to the invention.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7502026 | 1975-02-24 | ||
SE7502026A SE413551B (en) | 1975-02-24 | 1975-02-24 | smoke ammunition |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK76776A DK76776A (en) | 1976-08-25 |
DK144222B true DK144222B (en) | 1982-01-18 |
DK144222C DK144222C (en) | 1982-06-21 |
Family
ID=20323775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK76776A DK144222C (en) | 1975-02-24 | 1976-02-24 | ROEG COVER AMMUNITION |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT342461B (en) |
BE (1) | BE838836A (en) |
CH (1) | CH607648A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2606966C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK144222C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2309831A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1529263A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7601772A (en) |
NO (1) | NO139502C (en) |
SE (1) | SE413551B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2456934A1 (en) * | 1979-05-16 | 1980-12-12 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Intervention grenade, partic of tear-gas type - with igniting compsn. projecting into central channel running through pyrotechnic active block compsn. |
DE3022460A1 (en) * | 1980-06-14 | 1981-12-24 | Precitronic Gesellschaft für Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH, 2000 Hamburg | Method for laying smoke screen using carrier projectiles - with first screen laid in close proximity to protected position, and further screens at increasing distances and heights |
DE3037053A1 (en) * | 1980-10-01 | 1982-05-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Sealed smoke-generating body - has single fuse in part containing granular quick-burning charge |
FR2560371B1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1989-03-31 | France Etat Armement | PROCESS OF OCCULTATION OF VISIBLE AND INFRARED RADIATION AND SMOKE AMMUNITION IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS |
NO180216B1 (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1997-03-24 | Forsvarets Forsknings | Device by smoke grenade |
DE19944486C2 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2003-06-26 | Nico Pyrotechnik | irritation body |
DE102005004935B4 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2007-03-15 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Floatable fog pot |
FR3020059B1 (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2017-09-01 | Nexter Munitions | POT OF FUMIGENE COMPOSITION |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE659189C (en) * | 1933-02-17 | 1938-04-27 | Chem Fab Dr Hugo Stoltzenberg | Smoldering candle |
DE1696495B1 (en) * | 1967-07-14 | 1971-08-26 | Foersvarets Fabriksverk | Fogging mass |
SE359289B (en) * | 1971-01-14 | 1973-08-27 | Foerenade Fabriksverken |
-
1975
- 1975-02-24 SE SE7502026A patent/SE413551B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-02-17 GB GB6156/76A patent/GB1529263A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-20 NO NO760564A patent/NO139502C/en unknown
- 1976-02-20 NL NL7601772A patent/NL7601772A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-02-20 DE DE2606966A patent/DE2606966C2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-23 BE BE164546A patent/BE838836A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-02-23 AT AT129576A patent/AT342461B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-02-23 FR FR7604968A patent/FR2309831A1/en active Granted
- 1976-02-24 CH CH223376A patent/CH607648A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-02-24 DK DK76776A patent/DK144222C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO760564L (en) | 1976-08-25 |
DK76776A (en) | 1976-08-25 |
BE838836A (en) | 1976-06-16 |
FR2309831B3 (en) | 1978-11-10 |
SE413551B (en) | 1980-06-02 |
DE2606966A1 (en) | 1976-09-30 |
NL7601772A (en) | 1976-08-26 |
DE2606966C2 (en) | 1986-06-19 |
FR2309831A1 (en) | 1976-11-26 |
NO139502C (en) | 1979-03-21 |
ATA129576A (en) | 1977-07-15 |
NO139502B (en) | 1978-12-11 |
GB1529263A (en) | 1978-10-18 |
AT342461B (en) | 1978-04-10 |
DK144222C (en) | 1982-06-21 |
CH607648A5 (en) | 1978-09-29 |
SE7502026L (en) | 1976-08-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9513094B2 (en) | Ammunition with projectile containing no explosive material in order to create a multi-spectral target signature | |
DE3336853A1 (en) | MULTIPURPOSE HEAD | |
DK144222B (en) | ROEG COVER AMMUNITION | |
AU2010265108B2 (en) | Active body | |
DE19546582C2 (en) | Maneuver cartridge | |
US4391197A (en) | Smoke cartridge | |
GB2031128A (en) | Device for simulating hits on armoured vehicles and similar targets | |
RU2262064C2 (en) | Smoke charge | |
US2359192A (en) | Bomb | |
US2381474A (en) | Tracer bullet | |
KR102452007B1 (en) | self-consuming projectiles | |
RU2267079C2 (en) | Separate loading round to tank guns | |
US3731632A (en) | Incendiary grenade | |
DE541027C (en) | Explosive projectile with ignition by a burning flare | |
DE10152023B4 (en) | Shock insensitive smoke projectiles | |
US4140059A (en) | Safety device for projectiles | |
RU2229679C1 (en) | Shot for grenade launcher | |
US2534215A (en) | Thermit ammunition | |
RU2187062C2 (en) | Method and device for protection of armored objective | |
EP3011259A1 (en) | Projectile which produces an effect or a signal | |
RU2192610C2 (en) | Separate-loading round | |
DE622923C (en) | Cartridge for handguns and machine guns with several partial loads | |
RU2100755C1 (en) | Combination artillery propelling charge | |
US1757584A (en) | Shot shell | |
CH264945A (en) | Cartridge for increased projectile speeds and firing ranges. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PBP | Patent lapsed |