DE963226C - Process for the stabilization of refractory, mainly dicalcium silicate containing masses - Google Patents
Process for the stabilization of refractory, mainly dicalcium silicate containing massesInfo
- Publication number
- DE963226C DE963226C DEP30071D DEP0030071D DE963226C DE 963226 C DE963226 C DE 963226C DE P30071 D DEP30071 D DE P30071D DE P0030071 D DEP0030071 D DE P0030071D DE 963226 C DE963226 C DE 963226C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- refractory
- strontium
- barium
- dicalcium silicate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003438 strontium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6-bromopyridin-2-yl)hydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241001076195 Lampsilis ovata Species 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000729 antidote Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011822 basic refractory Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Stabilisieren von feuerfesten, überwiegend Dicalciumsilikat enthaltenden Massen Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stabilisieren von feuerfesten, überwiegend Dicalciiumsilikat enthaltenden Massen.Process for stabilizing refractory, predominantly dicalcium silicate Containing compositions The present invention relates to a method for stabilizing of refractory, predominantly dicalcium silicate containing masses.
Dicalciumsilikat ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil einer Reihe von kalkreichen silikati@schen Massen, vor allem der Dolomitsteine, d. h. basischer feuerfester Steine, die sich besonders in der Stahlindustrie bewährt haben. Das Dicalciumsilikat hat nun aber die technisch außerordentlich störende Eigenschaft, während der Abkühlung sich beii 675° unter starker Volumenzunahme umzuwandeln, was zu demgefürchteten »Zerrieseln« der Fertigprodukte führt, die diese Kristallart in nennenswerter Menge enthalten. Als Gegenmittel hat man bisher kleine Mengen Borsäure oder P'hosphorsäu,re (o,5 bis :21/o) bzw. Chromoxyd (über 21/o) den betreffenden Massen zugegeben, die bewirkten, daß die Hochtemperaturmodifikation über den ganzen Temperaturbereich bestehenbleibt. Phosphorsäure und Chromoxyd wirken allerdings nur dann sicher, wenn die feuerfesten Steine nicht reduzierenden Einflüssen ausgesetzt werden. Wirklich zuverlässig ist deshalb nur die Borsäure.Dicalcium silicate is an essential component of a number of lime-rich silicate compounds, especially dolomite stones, i.e. H. basic refractory bricks, which have proven themselves particularly in the steel industry. The dicalcium silicate, however, has the technically extremely disruptive property of transforming itself during cooling at 675 ° with a strong increase in volume, which leads to the feared "trickling" of the finished products, which contain this type of crystal in appreciable quantities. As an antidote, small amounts of boric acid or phosphoric acid, re (0.5 to: 21 / o) or chromium oxide (over 21 / o) have been added to the compounds in question, which have the effect that the high-temperature modification persists over the entire temperature range. However, phosphoric acid and chromium oxide only work safely if the refractory bricks are not exposed to reducing influences. Only boric acid is therefore really reliable.
Es ist schon ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von feuerfesten Chromiterzeugii:issen und die Zugabe von Erdalkalien beschrieben worden. Jedoch waren die bei diesem Verfahren verwendeten Mengen an Erdalkalien so bemessen, daß die im Chromit enthaltene Kieselsäure gebunden wird, wobei eine stabilisierende Wirkung der Barium-und Strontiumverbindungen auf Dicalciumsili.kat nicht angestrebt wurde.It is already a method of making refractory chromite products and the addition of alkaline earths have been described. However, they were with this procedure The quantities of alkaline earths used are such that the silicic acid contained in the chromite is bound, with a stabilizing effect of the barium and strontium compounds on Dicalciumsili.kat was not sought.
Ferner ist schon der Zusatz von Natrium- oder Kaliumchromatbekanntgeworden. Dieses Verfahren hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß durch die Anwesenheit der Natrium- bzw. Kaliumionen, die an einer Stabilisierung völlig unbeteiligt sind, die Feuerfestigkeit der damit hergestellten Massen sehr beeinträchtigt wird.Furthermore, the addition of sodium or potassium chromate has already become known. However, this process has the disadvantage that the presence of the sodium or potassium ions, which are completely uninvolved in stabilization, the fire resistance the masses produced with it is greatly impaired.
Auch ist ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Dicalciumsilikat beschrieben worden, nach welchem Zirkonoxy.d oder Magnes;i.u:moxyd verwendet wird. Diese zuletzt genannten Oxyde bilden aber Kationen mit einem verhältnismäßig großen Ionenradius, die sich ungünstig auf .d!as Kristallgitter von Dicalciumsilikaten auswirken können.A method for stabilizing dicalcium silicate is also described after which Zirkonoxy.d or Magnes; i.u: moxyd is used. This last but these oxides form cations with a relatively large ionic radius, which can have an unfavorable effect on the crystal lattice of dicalcium silicates.
Um :unter allen Umständen eine Zerrieselung zu vermeiden, wurde erfindungsgemäß festgestellt, daß eine Stabilisierung des Dicalciumsilikates durch Zugabe von Verbindungen solcher Kationen erreicht wird, die größer als das Calciurnion sind und 'eine kristallchemische Verwandtschaft zu Ca haben, also in geeigneter Verbindung wenigstens in einem gewissen Bereich mit 2 CaO - S.i02 Mischkristalle zu bilden vermögen, nämlich Verbindungen des Strontiums .und Bariums. Die zur Stabilisierung notwendige Menge hängt von dem Unterschied der Ionenradien ab. So benötigt man wenigstens 2,5%, zweckmäßig 5'/o Sr 0 oder eine entsprechende Menge einer anderen Strontiumverbindung, um ein Zerrieseln zu unterdrücken; höhere Zusätze, z. B. 8%,- sind ebenfalls .günstig. Im Falle des Ba 0 benötigt man nicht soviel, jedoch #wenigstens 1,5% Ba0, zweckmäßig 3 bis q.% BaO oder eine entsprechende Menge einer anderen Bariumverbindung. BaO ist also wirksamer als SrO, aber nur bis zu einer gewissen Grenze. Höhere ZZusätze von z. B. 8 bis io% BaO zu reinem Dicalci:ums,ilikat sind nicht mehr wirksam. Diese Erscheinung findet ihre Erklänu.ng darin, daß das etwas größere Sr-Ion in das 2 Ca O - S .i 02 Gitter eingeht, also einen Mischkristall bildet und dadurch die Umwandlung blokkiert. Das Ba-Ion ist merklich größer als Ca, wirkt infolgedessen schon in geringerer Konzentration, erzeugt aber zugleich solche Spannungen im Gitter, daß es nur beschränkt aufgenommen wird. Ist der Zusatz an Ba-Ionen zu groß, so bildet sich 2Ba0 S#02 als zweite selbständige Phase neben 2 Ca 0 S#02, und die Masse zerrieselt wieder. Anstatt die Kationen im Mittel größer zu machen, kann man auch die Anionen im Mittel kleiner machen, da es nur auf das Größenverhältnis von Kationen zu Anionen ankommt. Wie eingangs erwähnt, ist es bekannt, Borsäure, Phosphorsäure und Chromoxyd, das in Chromsäure übergeht, zu verwenden, die sich der gef=undenen Gesetzmäßigkeit einordnen. Aber auch andere Anionen wi.rkein stabilisierend', wenn sie etwas kleiner sind als das S'04-Anion. So wurde ;gefunden, daß z. B. Sulfate und selbst Sulfide merklich stabilisierend wirken. Freilich ist es runter technischen Bedingungen nicht möglich, wesentlich mehr als etwa i % S in den gebrannten Massen auf die Dauer zu halten, eine Menge, die allein nicht ausreicht, um das Zerrieseln zu unterdrücken. Aber es genügt ein kleinerer Zusatz an SrO oder Ba0 zur dauernden Stabilisierung, wenn außerdem noch Sulfate oder Sulfide vorhanden sind. In gleicher Weise ist die Wirkung der bisher bekannten Stabilisatoren Borsäure us.w. durch z. B. SrO oder Ba0 zu verstärken> so- daß man also mit einer für sich allein nicht ausreichenden Menge von z. B. Borsäure oder Chromoxyd zusammen mit einer für sich allein ebenfalls nicht ausreichenden Menge an Sr- oder Ba-Verbind'ungen eine dauernde Stabilisierung erzielen kann, gegebenenfalls noch unter gleichzeitiger Anwendung von Schwefelverbindungen.In order: to avoid ruffling under all circumstances, was carried out according to the invention found that the dicalcium silicate was stabilized by adding compounds such cations are achieved which are larger than the calcium ion and are crystal-chemical To be related to Ca, so in a suitable connection at least in a certain way Area with 2 CaO - S.i02 mixed crystals are able to form, namely compounds of strontium. and barium. The amount necessary for stabilization depends on the Difference in ionic radii. So you need at least 2.5%, expediently 5% Sr 0 or an equivalent amount of another strontium compound to create a trickle to suppress; higher additives, e.g. B. 8%, - are also cheap. In the case of the Ba 0 is not needed as much, but # at least 1.5% Ba0, expediently 3 to q.% BaO or an equivalent amount of another barium compound. So BaO is more effective as SrO, but only up to a certain limit. Higher additions of z. B. 8 to io% BaO to pure dicalci: ums, ilikat are no longer effective. This appearance finds its explanation in the fact that the somewhat larger Sr ion in the 2 Ca O - S .i 02 lattice enters, i.e. forms a mixed crystal and thereby blocks the transformation. The Ba ion is noticeably larger than Ca, and as a result works in a lower concentration, but at the same time creates such tensions in the grid that it can only be absorbed to a limited extent will. If the addition of Ba ions is too great, 2Ba0 S # 02 is formed as a second, independent one Phase next to 2 Ca 0 S # 02, and the mass trickles again. Instead of the cations in the To make the mean larger, you can also make the anions smaller on the mean, there it only depends on the size ratio of cations to anions. As mentioned at the beginning, it is known that boric acid, phosphoric acid and chromium oxide, which turns into chromic acid, to use which fit into the found law. But others too Anions are not stabilizing if they are slightly smaller than the S'04 anion. It has thus been found that e.g. B. sulfates and even sulfides noticeably stabilizing works. Of course, it is not possible under technical conditions, it is essential to keep more than about i% S in the fired masses in the long run, a lot, which alone is not enough to suppress the trickle. But one is enough Smaller addition of SrO or Ba0 for permanent stabilization, if also Sulphates or sulphides are present. In the same way, the effect is the same as before known stabilizers boric acid etc. by z. B. to reinforce SrO or Ba0> so that with an amount of z. B. boric acid or chromium oxide together with one is also insufficient on its own Amount of Sr or Ba compounds can achieve permanent stabilization, if necessary still with the simultaneous use of sulfur compounds.
Aber nicht nur reines Dicalciums:i,likat, sondern auch technische Massen, die Dicalciiumsilikat enthalten, wie z. B. Doloinitsteine, lassen sich nach diesem Verfahren stabilisieren. Es ist jedoch nicht möglich, allgemein gültige Grenzwerte für die Höhe des Zusatzes an Stabilisatoren anzugeben, da der Zusatz voh der Menge und Art der Begleitstoffe abhängt. So wurde gefunden, daß besonders das Eisenoxyd das Zerrieseln sehr fördert. Trotzdem genügte in einer technischen Dolomiitmasse ein Zusatz von 2,2% BaO in Form von Ba C 03, bezogen auf ioo Gesamtmasse, zur Stabilisierung vollkommen. Bei unbekannten Massen werden wenige Versuche genügen, um die jeweils notwendigen Mindestmengen an Stabilisatoren zu bestimmen.But not just pure dicalcium: i, likat, but also technical Masses containing dicalcium silicate, such as. B. Doloinite stones, can be stabilize this process. However, it is not possible to set generally applicable limit values for the amount of the addition of stabilizers to be indicated, since the addition voh the amount and the type of accompanying substances. So it was found that iron oxide in particular which encourages the trickling. Nevertheless, a technical dolomite mass was sufficient an addition of 2.2% BaO in the form of Ba C 03, based on 100 total mass, for stabilization completely. If the masses are unknown, a few attempts will suffice to find the to determine the necessary minimum quantities of stabilizers.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP30071D DE963226C (en) | 1944-12-05 | 1944-12-05 | Process for the stabilization of refractory, mainly dicalcium silicate containing masses |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP30071D DE963226C (en) | 1944-12-05 | 1944-12-05 | Process for the stabilization of refractory, mainly dicalcium silicate containing masses |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE963226C true DE963226C (en) | 1957-05-02 |
Family
ID=7371805
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEP30071D Expired DE963226C (en) | 1944-12-05 | 1944-12-05 | Process for the stabilization of refractory, mainly dicalcium silicate containing masses |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE963226C (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB481281A (en) * | 1936-07-03 | 1938-03-03 | Non Metallic Minerals Inc | Improvements in and relating to refractory products |
GB492565A (en) * | 1937-04-01 | 1938-09-22 | Norman Percy Pitt | The bonding of calcium silicates |
US2210326A (en) * | 1937-04-01 | 1940-08-06 | Canadian Refractories Ltd | Bonding of calcium silicates |
US2214353A (en) * | 1939-01-13 | 1940-09-10 | E J Lavino & Co | Process for making chromite refractory materials |
DE706163C (en) * | 1935-12-03 | 1941-05-20 | Dynamidon Werk Engelhorn & Co | Process for the manufacture of refractory products |
-
1944
- 1944-12-05 DE DEP30071D patent/DE963226C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE706163C (en) * | 1935-12-03 | 1941-05-20 | Dynamidon Werk Engelhorn & Co | Process for the manufacture of refractory products |
GB481281A (en) * | 1936-07-03 | 1938-03-03 | Non Metallic Minerals Inc | Improvements in and relating to refractory products |
GB492565A (en) * | 1937-04-01 | 1938-09-22 | Norman Percy Pitt | The bonding of calcium silicates |
US2210326A (en) * | 1937-04-01 | 1940-08-06 | Canadian Refractories Ltd | Bonding of calcium silicates |
US2214353A (en) * | 1939-01-13 | 1940-09-10 | E J Lavino & Co | Process for making chromite refractory materials |
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