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DE931689C - Microphone for string instruments - Google Patents

Microphone for string instruments

Info

Publication number
DE931689C
DE931689C DES35012A DES0035012A DE931689C DE 931689 C DE931689 C DE 931689C DE S35012 A DES35012 A DE S35012A DE S0035012 A DES0035012 A DE S0035012A DE 931689 C DE931689 C DE 931689C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
microphone according
strings
piezoelectric transducer
microphone
piezoelectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DES35012A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Reinhard Dipl-Ing Leisterer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
Priority to DES35012A priority Critical patent/DE931689C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE931689C publication Critical patent/DE931689C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
    • G10H3/185—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar in which the tones are picked up through the bridge structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/465—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument
    • G10H2220/481—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument on top, i.e. transducer positioned between the strings and the bridge structure itself
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/465—Bridge-positioned, i.e. assembled to or attached with the bridge of a stringed musical instrument
    • G10H2220/485—One transducer per string, e.g. 6 transducers for a 6 string guitar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/525—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage
    • G10H2220/541—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage using piezoceramics, e.g. lead titanate [PbTiO3], zinc oxide [Zn2 O3], lithium niobate [LiNbO3], sodium tungstate [NaWO3], bismuth ferrite [BiFeO3]
    • G10H2220/545—Barium titanate piezoceramics [BaTiO3]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)

Description

Es ist bekannt, unter den Stahlsaiten von Gitarren elektromagnetische Mikrofone anzuordnen. Hierbei verändern die :bewegten Stahlsaiten das magnetische Feld eines Dauermagneten und induzieren. dadurch in passend angeordneten Spulen Spannungen der angeschlagenen Saitenfrequenz. Da- die induzierte Spannung der Änderungsgeschwind!igkeit des magnetischen Feldes proportional ist, bevorzugt ein derartiges Mikrofon die höheren Frequenzen. Auch nichtlineare Verzerrungen treten .bei elektrorniagnetischen Mikro= fonen auf und vermindern,die K1anZquali,tät.It is known to be electromagnetic among the steel strings of guitars Arrange microphones. Here the: moving steel strings change the magnetic one Field of a permanent magnet and induce. thus in appropriately arranged coils Tensions of the struck string frequency. The induced voltage is the rate of change of the magnetic field is proportional, preferably such a microphone higher frequencies. Non-linear distortions also occur with electromagnetic Microphones open and reduce the quality of the sound.

Es ist auch vorgeschlagen worden,. p,iezoelektrische Körperschallmikrofone auf dem Resonanzboden des Saiteninstrumentes anzubringen. Diese geben somit die vom Resonanzboden bevorzugten Schwingungen .am stärksten wieder. Die Wiedergabe von Griff- und Kratzgeräuschen haftet jedoch diesen Mikrofonen als wesentlicher Fehler an.It has also been suggested. p, iezoelectric structure-borne sound microphones to be attached to the soundboard of the stringed instrument. These therefore give the vibrations preferred by the soundboard. strongest again. The playback grip and scratching noises stick to these microphones as more essential Error on.

Gemäß der Erfindung werden die genannten. Nachteile .dadurch vermieden, d.aß :dher Steg .des-Saiteni:ns,trumentes als piezoelektrischer Wandler ausgebildet ist. Schwankungen des Auflagedruckes, wie sie durch Anzupfen oder Streichen der Saiten hervorgerufen sind, werden durch die piezoelektrischen Wandler als druckproportionale Spannungsschwankungen wiedergegeben. E,s kann ein piezoelektrischer Wandler für eine oder mehrere Saiten vorgesehen sein. Vorteilhaft ist es,. :die piezoelektrischen Wandler aus polarisierter Bariurntitanatkeramik herzustellen. Da ,dieser Werkstoffeine ausreichende Druckfestigkeit hat, können die Saiten unmittelbar aufliegen. Außerdem ,hat Bariumtitanatkeramik d'en wesentlichen Vorteil, daß es kaum feuchtigkeitsempfindlich ist. Die ipiezoelektnischen Wandler können in Form von. flachen Zylindern, schmalen Prismen oder Röhrchen verwendet werden. Sie sind in einem IsolierstoffBockel gelagert bzw.. in, diesem ein- oder aufgekittet.According to the invention, said. Disadvantages. Thereby avoided, d.aß: dher bridge .des-Saiteni: ns, trumentes designed as a piezoelectric transducer is. Fluctuations in the contact pressure, such as those caused by plucking or stroking the Strings are created by the piezoelectric transducer as pressure-proportional Voltage fluctuations shown. E, s can be a piezoelectric transducer for one or more strings may be provided. It is beneficial. : the piezoelectric Manufacture transducers from polarized barium titanate ceramic. There, this material one has sufficient compressive strength, the strings can rest directly. aside from that , barium titanate ceramics has the major advantage that it is hardly sensitive to moisture is. The electrical converter can be in the form of. flat cylinders, narrow Prisms or tubes can be used. They are stored in an insulating material base or .. in, this one or puttied.

In den Fsg. i und 2 sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch .dargestellt. -Fi;g. i zeigt einen Steg für ein Siaitenins.trument, der aus einem Prisma i aus Bariurrititanatkeramik besteht, welches auf dem Isolierstoffsocker 2 gelagert ist. Die Saiten 3 .liegen unmittelbar auf dem Prisma i in entsprechenden Kerben auf der Oberkante :des Körpers auf. Dias Prisma i -ist an beiden Seiten mit einem Metallbelag 4 .und 5 versehen, wobei der Belag 4 die gesamte Fläche bedeckt, während: der Belag 5 nur ,in :den Bereichen, von denen im wesentlichen fder Druck der Saiten .aufgenommen wird, angebracht ist. Der Metallbelag 5 ist an seiner Unterkante durchgehend- ausgebildet. An den Metall''isierungen 4 und 5 :sind Zuleitungsdrähte 6 und 7 .angelötet. Das Prisma i aus Bariumtitanatkeramik wird: durch Anlegen einer Gleichspannung an die Beläge 4 und, 5 polarisiert und gibt :dann die durch die schwingenden Saiten 3 hervorgerufenen Wechseldrücke an den Zuleitubgen 6 und' 7 als Wechselspiannungen wieder.In the Fsg. i and 2 are exemplary embodiments of the invention schematically .shown. -Fi; g. i shows a bridge for a string instrument that consists of a Prism i consists of barium ritanate ceramic, which is placed on the insulating material stool 2 is stored. The strings 3. Lie directly on the prism i in corresponding Notches on the upper edge: the body on. The prism i -is on both sides with a metal covering 4 and 5, the covering 4 covering the entire surface, while: the covering 5 only, in: the areas of which essentially the pressure is attached to the strings. The metal covering 5 is at its lower edge continuously trained. There are lead wires on the metal ″ coatings 4 and 5: 6 and 7 soldered. The prism i made of barium titanate ceramic is: by applying a DC voltage to the pads 4 and, 5 polarizes and gives: then the through the vibrating Strings 3 caused alternating pressures at the supply tubes 6 and '7 as alternating voltages again.

Fig. 2 zeigt ebenfalls einen Steg für ein Saiteninstrument, der von einem Sockel 8 gebildet ist, welcher :eine Nut 9 aufweist, in der entsprechend der -,Anzahl der Saiten mehrere piezoelektrische Wandler io in Form eines flachen Zylinders ein-"g4kittet sind. Die Wandler io tragen auf beiden Seiten leitende Beläge i i und 1.2, :die :durch Metallfolien 13 und 14 untereinander verbunden sind,. Die Mikrofonspannung kann nach dem Polarisieren än den Folien 13 und 14 abgenommen werden.Fig. 2 also shows a bridge for a string instrument from a base 8 is formed, which: has a groove 9, in the corresponding to the -, number of strings multiple piezoelectric transducers io in the form of a flat cylinder are cemented in. The transducers io have conductive coatings i i on both sides and 1.2,: which: are interconnected by metal foils 13 and 14 ,. The microphone voltage can be removed from the foils 13 and 14 after polarization.

Die p.iezoelektris.chen Wandler können in verschiedener Form .ausgebildet werden,. Auch .können Stahl- und, Darmsaiten Verwendung finden. Gegenüber :dien: elek'tromagrnetitschen Mikrofonen zeichnet sich das, erfindungsgemäße Mikrofon durch bedeütend .getreuere Wiedergabe aus. Auch ist eine wesentLich geringere Verstärkung nötig.The piezoelectric transducers can be designed in various forms will,. Steel and gut strings can also be used. Opposite: dien: Electromagnetic microphones are characterized by the microphone according to the invention meaningful. more faithful reproduction. There is also a significantly lower gain necessary.

Claims (7)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Mikrofon für Saiteninstrumente, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Steg des Saiteninstrumentes als piezoelektrilscher Wandler ausgebildet .ist. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Microphone for string instruments, characterized in that that the bridge of the string instrument is designed as a piezoelectric transducer .ist. 2. Mikrofon nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein piezoelektrischer Wandler für eine oder mehrere Saiten vorgesehen ist. 2. Microphone according to claim i, characterized in that a piezoelectric transducer is intended for one or more strings. 3. Mikrofon nach Anspruch i und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der piezoelektrische Wandler aus polarisierter B.ariumtitanatkeramik besteht, auf welcher die Saiten vorzugsweise unmittelbar aufliegen. 3. Microphone according to claim i and 2, characterized in that the piezoelectric transducer made of polarized B.arium titanate ceramic consists, on which the strings preferably rest directly. 4. Mikrofon nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, d@aß,die piezoelektrischen Wandler die Form von flachen Zylindern, schmalen Prismen oder Röhrchen aufweisen. 4. Microphone according to claim 3, characterized in that d @ aß, the piezoelectric transducers die Have the shape of flat cylinders, narrow prisms or tubes. 5. Mikrofon nach Anspruch i bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, @daß die piez:oerektrischen Wandler in :einem Isolierstoffsockel gelagert, insbesondere in. diesem ein- oder aufgekittet sind. 5. Microphone according to claim i to 3, characterized in that the piez: oerektrischen transducer stored in an insulating material base, in particular cemented in or cemented onto it are. 6. Mikrofon nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen des piezoelektrischen Wandlers, welche an die Oberkante bzw. an die Auflagefläche für die Saiten .anschließen:, mit metallischen Belägen versehen !sind. .6. Microphone according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the two opposite side surfaces of the piezoelectric transducer, which are attached to the upper edge or to the contact surface for the strings:, with metallic coverings are provided! . 7. Mikrofon nach Anspruch i :bis 4 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß :der piezoelektrische Wandler nur in den Bereichen, die die Druckbeanspruchung aufnehmen, mit metallischen Belägen versehen Ist.7. Microphone according to claim i: up to 4 and 6, characterized in that that: the piezoelectric transducer only in the areas that the compressive stress record, is provided with metallic coverings.
DES35012A 1953-08-29 1953-08-29 Microphone for string instruments Expired DE931689C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES35012A DE931689C (en) 1953-08-29 1953-08-29 Microphone for string instruments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES35012A DE931689C (en) 1953-08-29 1953-08-29 Microphone for string instruments

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE931689C true DE931689C (en) 1955-08-16

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3049958A (en) * 1959-02-13 1962-08-21 Baldwin Piano Co Electro-piano
US3058015A (en) * 1960-05-03 1962-10-09 Nesh Florence Dissipation of high frequency vibratory energy
US3073203A (en) * 1960-05-12 1963-01-15 Atuk Corp Conversion of mechanical vibrations into electrical oscillations
US3396284A (en) * 1965-08-30 1968-08-06 Baldwin Co D H Electric guitar bridge
US3405585A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-10-15 Ernest Vagias Apparatus for the production of music
US3530228A (en) * 1968-04-23 1970-09-22 Baldwin Co D H Electric guitar piezoelectric transducer bridge with replaceable string height adjustors
DE2944506A1 (en) * 1978-11-05 1980-05-08 Ngk Spark Plug Co PIEZOELECTRIC CONVERTER FOR ELECTRIC STRING INSTRUMENTS AND CARTRIDGES CONTAINING THEM
US4228715A (en) * 1977-08-25 1980-10-21 Nourney Carl Ernst Strain-gauge sound pickup for string instrument
DE3006874A1 (en) * 1980-02-23 1981-09-24 Shadow K & M Elektroakustik GmbH & Co KG, 8520 Erlangen Piezoelectric transducer in string instrument - uses pressure block transmitting string vibrations to metallised surfaces to prevent strain on soldered connections
DE3536921A1 (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-23 Shadow Jm Elektroakustik Gmbh Piezoelectric sound pickup for musical instruments, particularly for string instruments
EP0786130A1 (en) * 1992-03-20 1997-07-30 MARKLEY, Donald Dean Piezoelectric transducer saddle for stringed musical instruments

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3049958A (en) * 1959-02-13 1962-08-21 Baldwin Piano Co Electro-piano
US3058015A (en) * 1960-05-03 1962-10-09 Nesh Florence Dissipation of high frequency vibratory energy
US3073203A (en) * 1960-05-12 1963-01-15 Atuk Corp Conversion of mechanical vibrations into electrical oscillations
US3396284A (en) * 1965-08-30 1968-08-06 Baldwin Co D H Electric guitar bridge
US3405585A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-10-15 Ernest Vagias Apparatus for the production of music
US3530228A (en) * 1968-04-23 1970-09-22 Baldwin Co D H Electric guitar piezoelectric transducer bridge with replaceable string height adjustors
US4292875A (en) * 1977-08-25 1981-10-06 Nourney Carl Ernst Strain-gauge sound pickup for string instrument
US4228715A (en) * 1977-08-25 1980-10-21 Nourney Carl Ernst Strain-gauge sound pickup for string instrument
DE2944506A1 (en) * 1978-11-05 1980-05-08 Ngk Spark Plug Co PIEZOELECTRIC CONVERTER FOR ELECTRIC STRING INSTRUMENTS AND CARTRIDGES CONTAINING THEM
DE3006874A1 (en) * 1980-02-23 1981-09-24 Shadow K & M Elektroakustik GmbH & Co KG, 8520 Erlangen Piezoelectric transducer in string instrument - uses pressure block transmitting string vibrations to metallised surfaces to prevent strain on soldered connections
DE3536921A1 (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-23 Shadow Jm Elektroakustik Gmbh Piezoelectric sound pickup for musical instruments, particularly for string instruments
EP0786130A1 (en) * 1992-03-20 1997-07-30 MARKLEY, Donald Dean Piezoelectric transducer saddle for stringed musical instruments
EP0786130A4 (en) * 1992-03-20 1997-07-30

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