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DE886948C - Schmiermittel - Google Patents

Schmiermittel

Info

Publication number
DE886948C
DE886948C DEN32A DE886948DA DE886948C DE 886948 C DE886948 C DE 886948C DE N32 A DEN32 A DE N32A DE 886948D A DE886948D A DE 886948DA DE 886948 C DE886948 C DE 886948C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
soap
lithium
mixture
soaps
sodium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEN32A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raymond Glyn Davies
Reginald William Noad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Original Assignee
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US472509A external-priority patent/US2397956A/en
Application filed by Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV filed Critical Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE886948C publication Critical patent/DE886948C/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Description

Gegenstand des Patents 842 108 sind Schmiermittel, welche neben einer Schmiermittelbasis eine Lithiumseife von einer oder mehreren Oxy- oder Polyoxystearinsäuren enthalten. Neben diesen Seifen können auch Nichtlithiumseifen, wie Natriumseifen, vorhanden sein, wobei aber zweckmäßig die Lithiumseifen überwiegen. Diese Schmierfette zeichnen sich durch gute mechanische Beständigkeit aus.
Es ist nun gefunden worden, daß Schmierfette gemäß Hauptpatent, welche neben den genannten Lithiumseifen einen geringeren Gehalt an Natriumseifen enthalten, sich durch ganz besonders günstige Eigenschaften auszeichnen, wenn der Hydroxylgehalt des Seifengemisches auf einen bestimmten Wert eingestellt wird. Dieser günstige Hydroxylgehalt des Seifengemisches liegt zwischen 3,2 und 4,0 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise zwischen 3,3 und 3,9 Gewichtsprozent. Bei einer derartigen Regelung des Hydroxylgehalts erhält man Schmierfette, welche neben außerordentlich günstigen mechanischen Stabilitätseigenschaften auch eine gute Beständigkeit bei Temperaturerhöhung und gute Lagerbeständigkeit aufweisen. Es können so Schmierfette gewonnen werden, welche selbst unter ungünstigen Schmierbedingungen allen Anforderungen entsprechen und insbesondere nicht bluten.
Im Rahmen der vorstehend beschriebenen Schmierfette kann eine weitere Verbesserung noch dadurch erzielt werden, daß das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen den in dem Schmierfett enthaltenen Natriumseifen und den Lithiumseifen auf einen Wert zwischen 5 : 95
und ίο : 90 eingestellt wird» Durch eine solche Regelung des Seifenverhältnisses ergeben sich Schmierfette, welche besonders günstige physikalische Eigenschaften aufweisen; außerdem wird aber auch das Herstellungsverfahren insofern vereinfacht, als-die- Gewinnung von Erzeugnissen mit übereinstimmenden Eigenschaften in aufeinanderfolgenden Chargen erleichtert wird.
Das bevorzugte Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen Natriumseifen und Lithiumseifen in dem vorgenannten Seifengemisch liegt zwischen 6 : 94 und 10: 90. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die Seifen von .einem Gemisch von Oxy- oder PoIyoxystearinsäuren mit Stearinsäure abgeleitet sein.
Die vorstehend erwähnten speziellen Seifengemische stellen eine wichtige Ausführungsform der Erfindung dar, dürfen aber nicht als Beschränkung aufgefaßt werden. Im Sinne der Erfindung kommen viele andere Seifenmischungen, welche Lithiumseifen von Oxy- oder Polyoxystearinsäuren, z. B. der 12-Oxystearinsäure, und Natriumseifen anderer substituierter oder unsubstituierter Fettsäuren enthalten, in Betracht.
Um den Gesamthydroxylgehalt des Seifengemisches innerhalb der erfindungsgemäßen Grenzen zu halten, kann die vorhandene Lithiumseife aus einem geeigneten Gemisch einer Lithiumseife einer oder mehrerer Oxy- oder Polyoxystearinsäuren und einer anderen Lithiumseife bestehen, welche keine substituierenden Hydroxylgruppen enthält, wie z. B. die Lithiumseife von Stearin-, Palmitin-, Olein-, Laurin- oder Myristinsäure.
In bezug auf das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen Natriumseife und Lithiumseife, das in einem besonderen Fall eingehalten werden soll, ist in einfacher Weise zu berechnen, welches Gemisch, wenn ein solches überhaupt in Betracht kommt, von Lithiumseife der Oxy- oder Polyoxystearinsäure und einer Lithiumseife einer anderen Fettsäure erforderlich ist, um einen beliebigen Hydroxylgehalt in dem vorgesehenen Seifengemisch zu erzielen. Wenn es erwünscht ist, zur Herstellung der Seifengemische gemäß einem wesentlichen Merkmal der Schmierfette nach vorliegender Erfindung als Ausgangsmaterialien Oxy- oder Polyoxystearinsäuren zu verwenden, die durch unbestimmte Mengen nichthydroxylhaltiger Fettsäuren verunreinigt sind, kann der Hydroxylgehalt der Seifen oder des Seifengemisches leicht mit den üblichen analytischen Methoden bestimmt werden. Eine gewogene Menge der zu untersuchenden PrObC7 wird erhitzt mit einer gewogenen Menge eines Gemisches aus drei Gewichtsteilen getrockrieten Pyridin und einem Gewichtsteil Essigsäureanhydrid. Das überschüssige Essigsäureanhydrid wird hydrolisiert, gekühlt und die erzeugte Essigsäure durch Titration mit alkoholischer Kalilauge bestimmt. Gleichzeitig wird ein Blindversuch unter den gleichen Bedingungen durchgeführt, wobei lediglich die Untersuchungsprobe weggelassen wird. Die Verringerung im Essigsäuregehalt infolge der Anwesenheit der Probe ist ein Maß für den Hydroxylgehalt der Probe, wobei der Azidität der Probe selbst Rechnung getragen werden muß.
Bei der Herstellung von Schmierfetten gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung können die im Patent 842 108 angegebenen Herstellungsweisen benutzt werden. Man kann 'aber statt dessen auch nach üblichen Fettbildungsverfahren arbeiten, ohne daß dadurch die Eigenschäften des fertigen Produktes beeinträchtigt werden. Beispielsweise können das geeignete Seifengemisch und die Schmiermittelbasis innig gemischt und durch Erhitzen und Rühren homogenisiert werden, worauf die-homogene Zusammensetzung in dünnen Schichten in Tröge ausgegossen wird, in welchen man sie mehrere Stunden abkühlen läßt, bevor sie einem Mahlprozeß zur Erzielung einer fertigen Fettstruktur unterworfen wird.
Der Gehalt an Lithiumseife im Fett entspricht dem im Patent 842 108 beschriebenen; er kann aber stark schwanken bis zu der Grenze von 50% Lithiumseife im fertigen Fett, wie dies im Patent 842 108 angegeben ist. Obwohl der Gehalt an Lithiumseife demnach bis zu 50 °/0 der Fettzusammensetzung ausmachen kann, ist es praktisch möglich, durch Wahl geeigneter Schmierfettbasen befriedigende Schmierfette herzustellen, welche nur etwa 10 °/0 oder sogar noch weniger von dem vorgenannten Gemisch von Natrium- und Lithiumseifen enthalten. Es können auch praktisch befriedigende Erzeugnisse mit einem Gesamtseifengehalt von etwa 8 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf das fertige Fett, hergestellt werden.
Die Schmierfettbasis, welche bei der Herstellung von Schmierfetten gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet wird, kann in ihrer Art stark schwanken und umfaßt beliebige Mineralölschmierstoffe, die normalerweise zur Herstellung von Fettzusammenstellungen anwendbar sind. So kann ein edeleanusiertes Öl oder ein Schmierstoff, der nach irgendeinem anderen Lösungsmittelextraktionsverfahren hergestellt worden ist, wie z. B. nach dem Duosol-Extraktionsverfahren hergestelltes Material, verwendet werden. Die im Patent 842108 erwähnten Schmierstoffgrundlagen sind auch zur Herstellung von Schmierfetten gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung brauchbar.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern Fettzusammenstellungen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die angegebenen Prozentsätze beziehen sich, sofern nicht anders angegeben, auf Gewichtsprozent.
Beispiel 1
Ein Schmierfett wird hergestellt aus einer Basis aus edeleanusiertem Öl von spezifischem Gewicht 15,5/15,5° " = 0,906, einer Viskosität (C. S.) bei 37,7° von 139,1, bei 60° von 41,7 und bei 98,8° von 10,49, einer Viskosität (Redwood I) bei 6o° von 171 und einem K. V. I.Wert von 46, und dem folgenden Seifengemisch: Lithiumoxystearat, hergestellt aus hydrierter Rizinusölfettsäure durch Neutralisation mit Lithiumhydroxyd, Lithiumstearat und Natriumoxystearat.
Dieses Seifengemisch wird so ausgewählt, daß das Verhältnis von Natriumseife zu Lithiumseife 6: 94 und der Hydroxylgehalt des Seifengemisches 3,6% beträgt.
Das Seifengemisch, welches insgesamt 8 % der Gesamtmischung beträgt, wird mit der öligen Grundlage vermischt, und das Gemisch unter Rühren auf etwa 220° erhitzt, bis es vollständig homogenisiert ist. Nach schwacher Abkühlung wird es dann in dünnen Schiebten in Tröge gegossen, in welchen die Abkühlung über
Nacht beendigt wird. Dann wird die Zusammensetzung in einer ßfachen Walzenmühle vermählen, wodurch man das fertige Fett erhält. Während des Abkühlungsvorganges nach dem Homogenisieren nimmt die Zusammensetzung etwa bei 1450 wohldefinierte Fetteigenschaften an.
Beispiel 2
Ein Schmierfett wird hergestellt aus einer Schmiermittelbasis, die aus 45 Teilen des im vorhergehenden Beispiel beschriebenen edeleanusierten Öls und 55 Teilen eines Schmieröls besteht, das ein spezifisches Gewicht bei 15,5/15,5° = 0,867, eine Viskosität (C. S.) bei 37,7° von 14,2, bei 6o° von 6,9 und bei 98,8° von 2,94 sowie eine Viskosität (Redwood I) bei 6o° von 44 aufweist. Als Seifengemisch wird das im vorstehenden Beispiel genannte verwendet, und auch die Art der Herstellung ist dieselbe. Das Seifengemisch beträgt 8 % der fertigen Fettzusammensetzung.
Beispiel 3
Ein Schmierfett wird hergestellt aus dem Schmieröl gemäß Beispiel 1 und einem Gemisch von Lithiumoxystearat, Lithiumstearat und Natriumoxystearat.
In diesem Seifengemisch ist das Verhältnis von Natriumseife zu Lithiumseife 8: 92, und der Gesamthydroxylgehalt der Seife beträgt 3,6 °/0. Die Herstellung erfolgt nach dem Verfahren gemäß Beispiel 1. In der fertigen Fettzusammensetzung ist der Seifengehalt etwa 8 %.
Bei jedem der vorstehenden Beispiele ist das erhaltene Produkt charakterisiert durch gleichmäßige Konsistenz, hohe mechanische Stabilität, sehr gute Stabilität beim statischen Erhitzen und beim Lagern. Unter diesen Gesichtspunkten sind die Erzeugnisse den entsprechenden Fetten überlegen, welche den gleichen Gesamtseifengehalt an einem Seifengemisch aufweisen, das aus den drei angeführten Seifen besteht, wobei aber das Verhältnis Natriumseife zu Lithiumseife außerhalb der obengenannten Grenzen oder der Hydroxylgehalt des Seifengemisches außerhalb der vorgenannten Grenzen für den Hydroxylgehalt liegt. Es ist jedoch zu bemerken, daß eine Erhöhung des Hydroxylgehaltes des Seifengemisches über die genannte obere Grenze nicht so ausgesprochen verschiedene Produkte hinsichtlich Konsistenz und Stabilität liefert, wie dies der Fall ist, wenn der Hydroxylgehalt unter die untere angegebene Grenze herabgesetzt wird. Bei Änderungen des Verhältnisses zwischen Natriumseife und Lithiumseife bis zu Werten außerhalb der angegebenen Grenzen wird festgestellt, daß solche Änderungen eine ungünstige Wirkung auf die mechanische Stabilität bei Zimmertemperatur ausüben; und bei Abwesenheit einer Natriumseife in dem Fett wird das Bluten des erhaltenen Schmierfetts ungünstig verändert gegenüber den entsprechenden Eigenschaften der Zusammensetzungen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung.
Die Schmierfette gemäß Erfindung können auch Zusätze enthalten, die nach der üblichen Praxis oft bsi der Fettherstellung einverleibt werden. Beispielsweise können Oxydationsverhinderer in geringeren Mengen einverleibt werden, wie Phenylendiamin, Phenyl-ß-naphthylamin. Es können auch statt dessen andere Zusätze vorhanden sein, die in bekannter Weise die chemischen Eigenschaften von Schmierfettzusammensetzungen günstig beeinflussen, z. B. Zusätze, die korrosionsverhindernd wirken.

Claims (5)

  1. PATENTANSPRÜCHE:
    ι. Schmiermittel nach Patent 842 108, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem geringeren Gehalt an Natriumseifen im Vergleich zu Lithiumseifen der Hydroxylgehalt des Seifengemisches zwischen 3,2 und 4,0 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise zwischen 3,3 und 3,9 Gewichtsprozent, liegt.
  2. 2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewichtsverhältnis von Natriumseife zu Lithiumseife im Seifengemisch zwischen 5 : 95 und 10: 90, vorzugsweise zwischen 6 : 94 und 10: 90, liegt.
  3. 3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Natriumseifen aus der Natriumseife einer oder mehrerer Oxy- oder Polyoxystearinsäuren bestehen oder diese enthalten.
  4. 4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lithiumseifen aus einem Gemisch von Lithiumoxy- oder -polyoxystearaten und Lithiumstearat bestehen.
  5. 5. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Seifengemisch sich von einem Gemisch von 12-Oxystearinsäure und. Stearinsäure ableitet.
    I 5334 8.53
DEN32A 1940-04-05 1948-10-12 Schmiermittel Expired DE886948C (de)

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DE1271882B (de) * 1960-07-01 1968-07-04 Chem Fab Hoesch K G Lithiumseifenschmierfett

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US2719124A (en) * 1953-05-15 1955-09-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Grease compositions containing oxonated acid soaps
FR1109884A (fr) * 1953-08-10 1956-02-02 Bataafsche Petroleum Compositions de graisse
FR1113358A (fr) * 1953-10-05 1956-03-28 Bataafsche Petroleum Compositions de graisses
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DE1271882B (de) * 1960-07-01 1968-07-04 Chem Fab Hoesch K G Lithiumseifenschmierfett

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US2566793A (en) 1951-09-04
NL66982C (de)
GB637932A (en) 1950-05-31
NL137009C (de)
DE842108C (de) 1952-06-23
NL66799C (de)
GB643536A (en) 1950-09-20
CH269511A (fr) 1950-07-15
NL73006C (de)
US2274673A (en) 1942-03-03

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