DE8813512U1 - Tool for screwing and threading - Google Patents

Description

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. HERMANN KASTNßft .'j * itt ' « **0_

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8 66. 22. 0 1 27.10.88

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Friedrich Schuet
7181 Satteldorf

Tool for screwing and threading

Tools for tightening or loosening screws and nuts are mostly rigid, for example open-end wrenches, ring wrenches or socket wrenches. They have the disadvantage that it is unavoidable to move the wrench, especially when the screw or nut has a long travel. There are also wrenches with a movable coupling part with a directional lock, namely socket wrenches with a so-called ratchet or ratchet. With these, you can tighten or loosen a screw or nut without moving the wrench, just by repeatedly pivoting the operating lever through relatively small pivot angles.

In the latter case, a tool head is provided at the end of a single-armed lever, which has a through hole with circular cylindrical surfaces or surface sections that form a radial bearing, by means of which a circular insert is rotatably mounted in the tool head. A directional device acts between the tool head and the insert. On one end of this insert there is usually a square pin with a square cross-section, onto which a so-called socket is fitted, which has a square hole on one end that is matched to the square pin of the socket and which has operating surfaces on its other end, which are designed, for example, as a hexagon socket or octagon socket and are adapted to the shape and dimensions of a specific screw head or a

are matched to a specific socket. When changing the screw size or Hutter size, the appropriate socket is placed on the square pin of the tool.

In the case of tools with a one-way directional lock, the operating direction of the tool is changed by arranging the square with the coupling surfaces for the socket in the insert so that it can be moved axially, i.e. it forms a square pin so that it protrudes from the insert on one side and then on the other. This movable square pin is usually held in the set operating position by a locking device. When changing the operating direction, the socket must be pulled off the square pin, the square pin on the insert must be moved to the other side and the socket must be put back on there. This is cumbersome and often has the disadvantage that one locking mechanism of the square pin exerts a greater force on the square hole of the socket than the second locking mechanism of the square pin on the insert. As a result, when the socket is removed, the square pin is pulled out of the insert. If you only want to change the direction of operation, you can put the square pin back into the insert together with the socket on the right side. If you want to change the socket, however, the square pin must first be pulled out like the socket, which is often quite laborious because it offers little surface area for your fingers or your tool.

There are also socket wrenches with a directional lock that can be used in both directions. The VMS has a two-position locking pawl that can be used like a seesaw, sometimes with one end and sometimes with the other.

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end can be brought into engagement with the counter surfaces on another tool part. The switching of the operating direction is carried out by simply moving a one- or two-armed lever or toggle which is arranged on the outside of the tool head.

These socket wrenches with one- or two-way directional locking all have the disadvantage that the operating surfaces or wrench surfaces of the tool for operating the screws or nuts are located in a plane that is a noticeable distance from the plane of movement of the operating lever of the tool. This creates a tilting moment in addition to the operating moment on the screw or nut, which tilts the socket wrench to the side relative to the screw head or nut. This tilting moment must generally be supported by the operator of the tool with their free hand or with some kind of tool on the tool head, so that the tilting moment does not have to be absorbed by the operating surfaces on the socket and the wrench surfaces of the screw or nut, which leads to high edge pressures on relatively small surface areas of both parts, which experience shows quickly lead to plastic deformation of the screw or nut and sometimes also of the operating surfaces of the socket.

A further disadvantage of these socket wrenches with directional locking is that the inner space within the operating surface of the socket has an axial extension or depth that is only slightly larger than the axial extension of the operating surfaces themselves, which in turn is as large or only slightly larger than that of the wrench surfaces on the screws or nuts. It is therefore not possible to use such a tool to screw a nut onto all surfaces; it is important that the nut extends a large distance beyond the nut's diameter _{. However} , there are numerous screw connections where the tightness of the

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The screw and the length of the bit cannot be matched too closely to one _another because when the cutter is tightened, the shaft of the screw does not protrude from the cutter beyond the maximum permissible torque on the socket. In these cases, rigid open-end wrenches or ring wrenches are used, where the longer screw-on part of the wrench means that the socket has to be moved very often, which is particularly annoying and unpleasant.

Similar inconveniences occur when cutting threads by hand. In this case, either a die with a nut thread profile is inserted into a tool head that is equipped with two lever arms that are aligned with one another, or a tap is inserted into a similarly designed holder with a square hole. Since when cutting threads, both internal and external threads usually have to be cut, the tool must be turned through several full turns. This does not mean that the tool is moved, but the hands operating the tool must repeatedly grasp it. This always applies to both hands; the tool temporarily has no grip or one hand has to let go of the lever arm assigned to it and grasp the tool head so that the other hand can grasp the other lever arm, whereby the tool is then held in place by this lever arm for a long time until the other hand has moved to the second lever arm. This is particularly annoying on the first few threads and can also lead to the thread cutting tool not being exactly aligned with the ideal thread axis, so that at least the beginning of the thread can be spoiled.

The invention is based on the task of creating a tool for screwing and thread cutting, which does not require the tool to be moved and/or the hands to be moved, and which at the same time avoids tilting moments.

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This object is achieved by a tool for screwing with the features specified in claim 1 and for threading with the features specified in claim 2.
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Because the actuating or wrench surfaces on the tool for screwing are at least approximately in the plane of movement of the lever arm of the tool, any axial tilting factor between the tool and the screw or nut is avoided. Because the actuating surfaces on the tool are designed as surface sections of the outer wall of the through hole in the insert, when screwing a nut onto a threaded shaft, the latter can be as long as desired and protrude as far as desired from the rear face of the nut if it is screwed onto the threaded shaft over a longer distance. In any case, even when screwing or unscrewing over several threads, the tool does not break and the hands do not grip the tool. The lever arm only has to be moved back and forth with a corresponding number of swivel movements within a more or less large swivel angle range.

Because the insert on the thread cutting tool is coupled with the chip surfaces, the thread axes, via the pin directional lock with the tool in the two-sided lifting arm, the thread axe attachment can be screwed onto the relevant tool head as far as desired when cutting the thread. When cutting internal threads, where a tap is inserted into the thread, the two cable arms of the tool head are in a different plane than the cutting edges of the tap. However, due to the actuating force acting diametrically to the drill bit on the two lifting arms of the tool head, a clamping force is also created.

avoided. This is all the more true if the two fog lights are in ergonoMic very precise conditions

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only have to be moved back and forth, &eegr;·11 the direction adjustment takes over the further holding of the inserts with the thread cutting in relation to the tool head. This prevents the tool head from moving in relation to the ideal thread head and the thread start is cut in the correct order.

With a design of the tools according to claim 3, it is achieved that the tool does not have to be reversed when the direction of rotation is changed, but can be left in the operating position and only the direction lock is switched.

When designing the tool for screw turning

1$ According to claim 3, the tool can be used not only for a single wrench size, but for several wrench sizes, by inserting secondary inserts into the primary insert, which is fixed in the tool, the actuation surfaces of which are adjusted in stages to the next smaller wrench sizes of the screws and nuts. A further development of this tool according to claim 5 ensures that the secondary inserts are held in the primary insert with a certain holding force, so that the handling of the tool is made easier.

With a design of the tools according to claim 6, it is achieved that the insert in the tool head can be exchanged very easily and quickly for another insert. This means that a tool for cutting external threads can be "adapted" to other diameters and/or other thread pitches very quickly without having to replace the tool every time. When using a tool for screwing, it is also easy to

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not only to change the tool to different base widths, but also to switch to a different type of bed operation, for example from a standing edge to an anterior edge or from hexagonal or anterior hexagonal faces to operating surfaces in the manner of a notch.

With a design of the tools according to claim 7, it is achieved that the rotary movement of the insert relative to the workpiece does not have to be carried out by operating the lever arm, but that the drive motor provides the rotary movement when the lever arm is held. With a further development of these tools according to claim B, it is achieved that at the end of the motor-driven rotary movement of the insert, the insert can also be rotated by hand by a swivel movement of the lever arm. This is particularly useful when you want to tighten a screw or a nut screwed in with the motor drive beyond the tightening torque of the motor drive. In a similar way, when unscrewing a screw or unscrewing a nut, you can loosen the screw or nut with the lever arm if the torque of the motor drive alone is not sufficient. The motor drive can then take over the further unscrewing.

In an embodiment of the tool for screwing according to claim 9, other types of actuating surfaces can be coupled to the tool in order to screw in and unscrew, for example, slotted screws or Phillips head screws or hexagon socket screws and the like with the tool.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail using some exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tool for screwdriving;

Fig« 2 a cross section of the tool according to Tig« 1 in

a first cutting plane;
Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of the tool according to Fig. 1 in a second cutting plane. Fig. 4 shows a view of a designed embodiment.

the tool according to Fig. 1j

Fig. 5 a cross section of the tool according to Fig. 4; Fig. 6 a view of a modified tool for the screwdriver
Fig. 7 a cross section of the tool according to Fig. 6 in

a first cutting plane}
Fig. 8 a cross section of the tool and Fig. 6 in

a second cutting plane}

Fig. 9 a cross-section of another modified version of the tool for screwing

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Fig.10 is a view of the tool for thread cutting. Fig.11 is a cross-section of the tool according to Fig. 10.

The tool 20 shown in Fig. 1 to 3 for screwing, i.e. for operating hexagon screws and/or hexagon nuts, has main assemblies or main components: a tool head 21 with its engaging lever arm 22, an insert 23 and a directional lock 24.

The tool head 21 and the lever arm 22 are made from one piece. They are conveniently manufactured as a steel forging.

The tool head 21 has a circular through hole 25 in elevation. Its wall surfaces are designed as circular cylinder surfaces, which have a different diameter from one another. The wall surface 26 with the middle diameter serves as a bearing surface for the

Insert 23. The adjacent

cylindrical palm 27 has a smaller diameter. In between there is a flat front surface 28, which has a

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forms an axial guide surface for the insert 2*. The cylindrical surface 29, which is located on the other side of the wall surface 26, has a larger outer diameter, whereby the clear width of this wall surface 29 is larger than the outer diameter of the length sections of the insert 23 arranged there.

The narrower cylindrical wall surface 27 ends on the adjacent outside of the tool head 21 at the end face 31. On the other side, the wider cylindrical wall surface 29 ends at the end face 32. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the end face 32 is set back from the outer contour of the tool 20. This space is filled by a shield 33, which is designed as a plane-parallel plate, the elevation projection of which is the same as the elevation projection of the entire tool 20.

The shield 33 also has a through hole 34, the elevation projection of which is the same as that of the through hole 25 and is aligned with this through hole. The wall surfaces of the through hole 34 are also designed as circular cylindrical surfaces which have a different diameter from one another. The wall surface 35 located on the inside of the shield 33 has the same diameter as the middle cylindrical wall surface 26 on the tool head 21. It serves as a second bearing surface for the insert 23 and thus, together with the bearing surface formed by the turning surface 26, forms a radial bearing for the insert 23. The shield 33 thus serves as the bearing shield for the insert 23. The outer, narrower cylindrical wall surface 36 has the same diameter as the corresponding wall surface 27 on the tool head 21 . Between the two cylindrical wall surfaces 35 and 36 there is again a flat front surface 37 which forms an axial guide surface for the insert 23 which is opposite to that of the front surface 28.

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The shield 33 is guided by means of guide pins 28 opposite the tool head 21 and is firmly connected to it by means of screws (not shown).

The directional locking mechanism 24 is a conventional ratchet locking mechanism With a two-armed pawl 41, which is pivotably mounted on a position pin 42 in the manner of a hook. At the ends of the two pawl arms or pawl wings 43 and 44 there is a pawl toothing 45 and 46 respectively.

On the side of the pawl 41 facing away from the pawl teeth, there is a jerking link 47 with a return spring 46. They are arranged on a pivot axis 49 which is rotatably mounted on the tool head 21 and the shield. By means of the pivot axis 49, the jerking link 47 can be alternately pivoted to the back of the pawl wing 43 or the pawl wing 44 so that the relevant pawl teeth 45 or 46 are in engagement with the insert 23. The pawl 41 and the jerking link 47 are accommodated in a recess 50 in the tool head 21, which is covered on the free front side by the shield 33.

The insert 23 has the shape of a circular ring disk (Fig. 3). It has a T-shaped carrier

Cross section (Fig. 2). The two &bgr;&ugr;&bgr;&bgr;&eegr;&idiagr;legends krols-

The diameter and width of the cylindrical end faces 51 and 52 are aligned with the cylindrical end faces 26 and 35 serving as bearing surfaces and thus form the second part of the radial bearing for the insert 23. The end face section, which is located axially in the space between the two end faces 51 and 52 serving as bearing surfaces, is provided with a ratchet toothing 53 which engages with the ratchet toothing 45 and 46 of the pawl 41.

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The through hole 54 of the circular insert 23 is arranged in the alignment of the axis of rotation of the insert 23, which is determined by the peripheral surfaces 51 and 52 serving as bearing surfaces. The palm of the through hole 54 is formed by the surface sections 55 of a regular hexagon. These surface sections 55 serve as actuating surfaces or wrench surfaces for operating a hexagon head screw or a hexagon nut. They are therefore adapted to the usual standardized dimensions of the screw heads and screw nuts, taking into account the usual tolerances.

The actuating surfaces 55 can have the shape of a regular octagon instead of a hexagon. However, their shape and dimensions can also be adapted to other actuating surfaces on screw heads and nuts, for example to the peripheral surfaces of Phillips nuts or to a type of serration on the screw heads.

On one side of the tool head 21, the pivot axis 49 is provided with a cover disk 56, on the outside of which a diametrically extending rib 57 is arranged, which facilitates the rotation of the pivot axis 49 in the manner of a toggle and at the same time indicates the orientation of the return slide 47 on one or the other side of the locking pawl 41 (Fig. 1).

In the configuration of the white material 20 shown in Figures 4 and 5, a second insert 61 is inserted into the first insert 23. It has a clearly Z-shaped cross-section (Figure 5). The main part of the insert 61 has the peripheral surface 62 in the form of an external hook edge, onto which the internal hook edge is connected by the through hole 54 in the insert 23. In Figure 5, the distances between the two hook edge surfaces are shown in accordance with the usual tolerance.

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On one end face of the second insert 61 there is a circular guide collar 63, by means of which the second insert 61 is guided at least in an axial direction towards the first insert 23. 5

The second insert 61 also has a through hole 64. Its palms 65 are designed as hexagon sockets, the dimensions of which are tailored to a standardized hexagon surface for screw heads and nuts, the width across the key of which is smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the palms of the first insert 23.

A series of second inserts with inner palms corresponding to the gradations of the wrench widths of different sizes of screw heads and nuts allows the tool 20 to be used in a variety of ways.

Aa second insert 61 is on the front side facing away from the guide collar 63 on the inside a non-running

Guide collar 66 is arranged. It serves the second

Insert 61 as an axial support so that when placed on a screw head or nut it is guided automatically at the correct height and the user of the tool 20 does not have to pay special attention to this. Such an inner guide collar can also be arranged on the first insert 23. In this case the outer guide collar 63 on the second insert 61 could be omitted.

The tool 70 shown in Figs. 6 to 8 is modified compared to the tool 20 in that in the old shield 72 connected to the tool head 71, the through hole 73 has a larger clear width than the largest external diameter of the insert 73. The axial guidance of the insert 73 in the direction of the shield 72 is carried out by (or more) locking elements 74 of an axial locking device 75 (Fig. 6). The locking elements 74 are not connected in the individual

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shown in the radial and/or tangential direction so that they can be pushed out of the projection of the insert 73 if necessary and then the insert 73 can be pushed out of the tool head 71 in the axial direction. In the opposite direction, another insert 73 can be pushed into the tool head 71 and guided in the axial direction by the release of the locking members 74. The locking members 74 are

Actuating button 76 from its locking position to

Fig. 6 into their release position. In the opposite direction they are moved back into their locking direction by the return springs (not visible). The locking device 76 is shown in Fig. 6 at the end of the tool head 71. It can also be arranged at another location, in particular near the transition point from the tool head 73 to the lever 77.

In order to facilitate the replacement of the insert 73 in the tool head 71, the locking pawl 78 is provided with a locking notch in the middle of its rear side into which the rear part 79 then engages when the locking pawl 78 assumes a neutral position in which neither of its two pawl teeth engages the pawl teeth on the insert, as shown in Fig. 8.

The tool 80 shown in Fig. 9 is designed in such a way that a reduction gear 84 with a knuckle drive 85 is arranged in a recess 83 in a tool part 82 adjacent to the tool head 81 and an electric motor 87 is arranged in a second recess 86. The drive pinions 88 of the angle drive 85 are connected to the drive shaft 89 of the electric motor 87. The insert 91 in the tool head 81 is arranged on a circumferentially oriented axis.

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Gear toothing 92 vifiihin. With this gear toothing 92 kMniftt d·· output gear 93 d·· reduction gear &THgr;4.

The electric motor 87 is supplied via an electrical supply line that is laid in lever arms 9 of the tool 80 and exits at its free end*

When using the Vario 80 with motor drive of the insert 91, it is advisable to arrange an unchangeable directional lock in addition to the motor drive, namely preferably in the form of a ratchet mechanism, similar to the directional lock 24 (Fig. 3), so that screws or nuts can be tightened or loosened even if, in extreme cases, the drive power of the motor drive is not sufficient despite the use of a reduction gear.

In the tool 100 shown in Fig. 10 and 11

Connect a lever arm 102 or 103 to the tool head 101 at two diagonally located points. The lever arm 102 or 103 is designed to be identical to the insert 23 of the tool 20. A cylindrical insert 105 is inserted into this first insert, which also has a through hole 106. Individual peripheral sections 107 of the wall of this through hole 106 are provided with a thread profile. The wall surface sections 108 in between have a larger clear width than the peripheral sections 107 for the thread cutting. The respective peripheral sections 107 are provided with a thread profile. The adjacent surface sections of the wall surface sections are designed as chip surfaces 109. The chips separated from the workpiece by them are stored at least temporarily in the cavities serving as chip receptacles in the area of the

Wall surface sections 108 easted.

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Instead of arranging the thread cutting edges on a secondary unit, such as the second unit 109, they can also be attached to a suitably designed primary unit, such as the first unit 104. This allows threads with a larger thread diameter to be produced than is possible with thread cutting on a secondary unit. In this design, in which the thread cutting edges are arranged on a primary unit, it is expedient to use a

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The insert of one of the tools, such as the insert 23 of the tool 20 or, better still, the insert Ti of the tool 70, can be provided with a closed wall surface instead of an axial through hole, to one end of which an axially aligned extension is attached or formed. The peripheral surfaces of this extension can be designed as a coupling screw for screw thread blades. The extension can also be designed as a screwdriver blade or as a tap or the like.

Claims (9)

DIPL-ING. HERMANN KASTNSt .*' t" * 111' '."'.'.71M) LUDWIQ$BURG own reference: S 66. 2&Idigr;. D 1 24.10.81 Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Friedrich Schust Satteldorf Tool for screw turning and thread cutting Claims 1. Screwdriver bit tool features: - a tool head (21) is attached to a lever (22), - the tool head (21) has a through hole (2S| 34), - at least a part of the surfaces of the through hole (25; 34) is designed as a bearing surface (26; 35) of a radial bearing, - in the tool head (21) an insert (23) is rotatably mounted by means of the rotary encoder! - axial guides (28} 37) are provided on the tool head (21) by means of which the insert (23) is guided in both axial directions, - a directional locking mechanism (24) is arranged on the tool head (21), by means of which the insert and the tool head (21) can be coupled to one another in one direction of rotation, - the insert (23) has a through hole (54) that is at least approximately aligned with the axis of rotation of the insert (23) and that has a certain clear width, Il Il I ··»&diams; I««· Il Il I ill» &igr; I I I ! I I 111« ItI · !&bull;&bull;&bull;ti · · · ·· *■ - by hand the through hole (54) in the insert (23) and individual surface sections (55) are formed as actuating surfaces for operating a screw or a cutter. 2. Tool for cutting with the following features: - a tool head (101) is provided on a lever (102; 103), - the tool head (101) has a through hole, - at least one part of the palms of the through hole is designed as a bearing surface of a radial bearing, - an insert (104; 105) is rotatably mounted on the tool head (101) by means of the radial bearing, - axial guide surfaces are present on the tool head (101), by means of which the insert (104) is guided in both axial directions, - a directional locking mechanism is arranged on the tool head (101), by means of which the insert (104) and the tool head (101) can be coupled together in one direction of rotation, - the insert (105) usually has a through hole (106) that is at least approximately aligned with the three-point socket of the insert (105) and that has a defined clear width, - from the edge of the through hole (106) in the insert (105) at least individual peripheral sections (107) provided with a thread profile, - to the peripheral sections (107) with the thread profile, at least on the side leading in the screwing direction of the minimum profile, there is a surface section each, which is designed as a chip surface (109). If f I · »· ·· 3« Tool according to Annex 1 or 2, marked by the feature &bull; the direction lock (24) is divided into two locking directions. 4. Tool according to claim 1 or 3 in conjunction with claim 1,
characterized by the features - there is a second insert (61) which has on its outside at least individual surfaces (62) which are matched to the actuating surfaces in the first insert (23) - the second sentence (61) «is an exially acting following, - the axial stop is preferably formed by a circumferential end face (63) of the second insert (61) _or by individual sections of a circumferential end face in whose path of movement an end face of the first insert (23) is located. 5. Tool according to claim 4,
characterized by the Herkmalet &bull; ee there is an axially acting locking device, by means of which the second insert can be locked onto the first insert, - Preferably, a locking body that is resiliently guided in the radial direction is arranged on the second insert and a locking fork that matches it is arranged on the first insert. t · I I I I « M M ·· $ t t ·· I « ill· 11 III III« < &igr; I « I I I < I I * t I » I I I I I » ···«· »with it <« 6. Tool according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the features - on the tool head (71), the axial guide surface for the insert (73) is formed on one side as part of an axial locking device or, preferably, as part of an axial locking device (75) and can thereby be moved along the path of movement of the axial counter surface on the insert (73), - preferably, the directional lock can be set to a neutral position in which the locking member (78) does not engage the counter surfaces on the insert (73) 7. Tool according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the features« - at least a certain length section of the outer surface of the insert (91) is provided with a circumferential gear toothing (92), - a gear (84) is arranged on the tool head (81), which preferably has an angle drive (85), the output gear (93) of the gear (84) meshing with the toothing (92) on the insert (81), - a drive motor (87), preferably an electric motor, is arranged on the tool, preferably in a cavity (86) of the lever (95), which is coupled to the gear (84). 8. Tool according to claim 7, marked the features* - there is a directional lock that is preferably designed to be switchable in both locking directions, , the locking element of the directional gear is arranged in the axial area of the gear teeth (72) of the insert (91) and is matched to this gear teeth, &bull;«Ill« * «4 ·« «« - the directional lock can be set to a neutral position in which it is out of engagement with the gear teeth (92) on the actuator (91)« 9. Tool according to claim 1 or according to one or more of claims 2 to 8,
characterized by the features - the second insert has an exially aligned extension on one of its front sides instead of a through hole, - the peripheral surfaces of the fortaatzea are designed as coupling flanges for screwdriver blades or for taps or for tapping attachments, or - the fortaatz itself is designed as a screwdriver blade or a screw tap.