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DE69007885D1 - Mit mehreren Oxiden beschichteter Karbidkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung. - Google Patents

Mit mehreren Oxiden beschichteter Karbidkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.

Info

Publication number
DE69007885D1
DE69007885D1 DE90850270T DE69007885T DE69007885D1 DE 69007885 D1 DE69007885 D1 DE 69007885D1 DE 90850270 T DE90850270 T DE 90850270T DE 69007885 T DE69007885 T DE 69007885T DE 69007885 D1 DE69007885 D1 DE 69007885D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
production
carbide body
body coated
several oxides
oxides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE90850270T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69007885T2 (de
Inventor
Sakari Antero Ruppi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seco Tools AB
Original Assignee
Seco Tools AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seco Tools AB filed Critical Seco Tools AB
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69007885D1 publication Critical patent/DE69007885D1/de
Publication of DE69007885T2 publication Critical patent/DE69007885T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40—Oxides
    • C23C16/403—Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
DE69007885T 1989-07-13 1990-07-12 Mit mehreren Oxiden beschichteter Karbidkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung. Expired - Fee Related DE69007885T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89850230 1989-07-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69007885D1 true DE69007885D1 (de) 1994-05-11
DE69007885T2 DE69007885T2 (de) 1994-07-28

Family

ID=8203264

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69007885T Expired - Fee Related DE69007885T2 (de) 1989-07-13 1990-07-12 Mit mehreren Oxiden beschichteter Karbidkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US5137774A (de)
EP (1) EP0408535B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2648526B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69007885T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (82)

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DE4110005A1 (de) * 1991-03-27 1992-10-01 Krupp Widia Gmbh Verbundkoerper, verwendung des verbundkoerpers und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP0577678B1 (de) * 1991-03-27 1995-03-08 Widia GmbH Verbundkörper, verwendung des verbundkörpers und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
SE9101953D0 (sv) * 1991-06-25 1991-06-25 Sandvik Ab A1203 coated sintered body
US5256266A (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-10-26 Read-Rite Corporation Alumina material useful with thin film heads
DE4209975A1 (de) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-30 Krupp Widia Gmbh Verbundkörper und dessen Verwendung
SE501527C2 (sv) * 1992-12-18 1995-03-06 Sandvik Ab Sätt och alster vid beläggning av ett skärande verktyg med ett aluminiumoxidskikt
JP2746036B2 (ja) * 1992-12-22 1998-04-28 三菱マテリアル株式会社 表面被覆切削工具
SE502174C2 (sv) * 1993-12-23 1995-09-04 Sandvik Ab Sätt och alster vid beläggning av ett skärande verktyg med ett aluminiumoxidskikt
SE502223C2 (sv) 1994-01-14 1995-09-18 Sandvik Ab Sätt och alster vid beläggning av ett skärande verktyg med ett aluminiumoxidskikt
US5920760A (en) * 1994-05-31 1999-07-06 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Coated hard alloy blade member
SE509201C2 (sv) * 1994-07-20 1998-12-14 Sandvik Ab Aluminiumoxidbelagt verktyg
SE504968C2 (sv) * 1994-11-15 1997-06-02 Sandvik Ab Metod att belägga ett skärverktyg med ett skikt av alfa-Al2O3
ATE210743T1 (de) * 1995-02-17 2001-12-15 Seco Tools Ab Sinterkarbidsubstrat mit mehrschichten aus aluminien
US5635247A (en) * 1995-02-17 1997-06-03 Seco Tools Ab Alumina coated cemented carbide body
SE514181C2 (sv) 1995-04-05 2001-01-15 Sandvik Ab Belagt hårmetallskär för fräsning av gjutjärn
DE19518781C1 (de) * 1995-05-22 1996-09-05 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Vakuumbeschichteter Verbundkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US5698314A (en) * 1995-05-22 1997-12-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Compound body of vacuum-coated sintered material and process for its production
SE514695C2 (sv) * 1995-07-14 2001-04-02 Sandvik Ab Skärverktyg belagt med aluminiumoxid och sätt för dess framställning
SE514177C2 (sv) * 1995-07-14 2001-01-15 Sandvik Ab Belagt hårdmetallskär för intermittent bearbetning i låglegerat stål
US5786069A (en) 1995-09-01 1998-07-28 Sandvik Ab Coated turning insert
WO1997020082A1 (en) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-05 Sandvik Ab, (Publ) Coated turning insert and method of making it
SE9504304D0 (sv) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Sandvik Ab Coated milling insert
EP0870073B1 (de) * 1995-11-30 2002-02-13 Sandvik Aktiebolag Beschichteter schneideinsatz und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
US5879823A (en) * 1995-12-12 1999-03-09 Kennametal Inc. Coated cutting tool
US6082936A (en) * 1996-06-12 2000-07-04 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Coated hard metal tool
US6015614A (en) * 1997-11-03 2000-01-18 Seco Tools Ab Cemented carbide body with high wear resistance and extra tough behavior
DE19980940B4 (de) * 1998-04-14 2005-05-25 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Beschichtetes Hartmetall-Schneidwerkzeug
US6616909B1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2003-09-09 Battelle Memorial Institute Method and apparatus for obtaining enhanced production rate of thermal chemical reactions
JP3678924B2 (ja) * 1998-11-05 2005-08-03 日立ツール株式会社 酸化アルミニウム被覆工具
US6221469B1 (en) 1998-12-09 2001-04-24 Seco Tools Ab Grade for steel
US6251508B1 (en) 1998-12-09 2001-06-26 Seco Tools Ab Grade for cast iron
US6607678B2 (en) * 1999-08-17 2003-08-19 Battelle Memorial Institute Catalyst and method of steam reforming
US6572991B1 (en) 2000-02-04 2003-06-03 Seco Tools Ab Deposition of γ-Al2O3 by means of CVD
US6575671B1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2003-06-10 Kennametal Inc. Chromium-containing cemented tungsten carbide body
US6554548B1 (en) 2000-08-11 2003-04-29 Kennametal Inc. Chromium-containing cemented carbide body having a surface zone of binder enrichment
US6612787B1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2003-09-02 Kennametal Inc. Chromium-containing cemented tungsten carbide coated cutting insert
SE522736C2 (sv) * 2001-02-16 2004-03-02 Sandvik Ab Aluminiumoxidbelagt skärverktyg och metod för att framställa detsamma
US6988858B2 (en) * 2001-02-28 2006-01-24 Kennametal Inc. Oxidation-resistant cutting assembly
US6805944B2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2004-10-19 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Coated cemented carbide cutting tool
SE522735C2 (sv) * 2001-05-30 2004-03-02 Sandvik Ab Aluminiumoxidbelagt skärverktyg
US6733874B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2004-05-11 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Surface-coated carbide alloy cutting tool
US7913402B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2011-03-29 Acme United Corporation Coating for cutting implements
DE60228482D1 (de) * 2001-11-13 2008-10-02 Acme United Corp Beschichtung für papierschneidevorrichtungen
US20080178477A1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2008-07-31 Acme United Corporation Cutting Instrument
EP1323847A3 (de) * 2001-12-28 2005-09-14 Seco Tools Ab Beschichteter Hartmetallkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
SE525581C2 (sv) * 2002-05-08 2005-03-15 Seco Tools Ab Skär belagt med aluminiumoxid framställt med CVD
US20060137971A1 (en) * 2002-07-01 2006-06-29 Larry Buchtmann Method for coating cutting implements
US7326461B2 (en) * 2002-10-07 2008-02-05 Kennametal Widia Gmbh & Co. Kg Composite material
US7934319B2 (en) 2002-10-28 2011-05-03 Acme United Corporation Pencil-sharpening device
JP2004284003A (ja) 2003-02-28 2004-10-14 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具
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US7455918B2 (en) * 2004-03-12 2008-11-25 Kennametal Inc. Alumina coating, coated product and method of making the same
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SE528430C2 (sv) * 2004-11-05 2006-11-14 Seco Tools Ab Med aluminiumoxid belagt skärverktygsskär samt metod att framställa detta
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SE529051C2 (sv) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-17 Seco Tools Ab Skärverktygsskär belagt med aluminiumoxid
SE531929C2 (sv) 2007-07-13 2009-09-08 Seco Tools Ab Belagt hårdmetallskär för svarvning av stål eller rostfritt stål
SE532023C2 (sv) * 2007-02-01 2009-09-29 Seco Tools Ab Texturhärdat alfa-aluminiumoxidbelagt skär för metallbearbetning
SE531670C2 (sv) 2007-02-01 2009-06-30 Seco Tools Ab Texturerat alfa-aluminiumoxidbelagt skär för metallbearbetning
DE102007012063A1 (de) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-25 Emsland-Stärke GmbH Kartoffelfasern, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben und Verwendung derselben
IL182344A (en) † 2007-04-01 2011-07-31 Iscar Ltd Cutting with a ceramic coating
US8530050B2 (en) 2007-05-22 2013-09-10 United Technologies Corporation Wear resistant coating
JP5029825B2 (ja) * 2007-09-28 2012-09-19 三菱マテリアル株式会社 硬質被覆層が高速重切削加工ですぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具
DE102008013966A1 (de) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Kennametal Inc. Hartstoffbeschichteter Körper
JP5176787B2 (ja) * 2008-09-01 2013-04-03 三菱マテリアル株式会社 硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具
DE102009028579B4 (de) 2009-08-17 2013-08-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Beschichtete Körper aus Metall, Hartmetall, Cermet oder Keramik sowie Verfahren zur Beschichtung derartiger Körper
DE102009028577B4 (de) 2009-08-17 2012-02-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Beschichtete Körper aus Metall, Hartmetall, Cermet, Keramik oder Halbleiterwerkstoff sowie Verfahren zur Beschichtung derartiger Körper
CN101870003B (zh) * 2010-06-28 2011-12-07 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 用于钢材铣削的硬质合金涂层刀片
CN101879612B (zh) * 2010-06-28 2011-12-07 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 用于钢材车削的硬质合金涂层刀片
JP5246518B2 (ja) * 2010-09-15 2013-07-24 三菱マテリアル株式会社 硬質被覆層がすぐれた靭性、耐チッピング性を備える表面被覆切削工具
EP2446988A1 (de) 2010-10-29 2012-05-02 Seco Tools AB Schneidwerkzeugeinsatz mit einer Alpha-Aluminid-Schicht enthaltend eine mit mehreren Komponenten Textur
JP5590327B2 (ja) * 2011-01-11 2014-09-17 三菱マテリアル株式会社 硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性、耐欠損性を備える表面被覆切削工具
EP2935653B1 (de) * 2012-12-21 2022-06-29 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Beschichtetes schneidwerkzeug und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
ES2586479T3 (es) 2014-01-30 2016-10-14 Walter Ag Herramienta de corte recubierta con alúmina con límites de grano de alúmina en zigzag
CN105940141A (zh) 2014-01-30 2016-09-14 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 氧化铝涂层切削工具
EP3360630B1 (de) * 2015-10-09 2020-02-19 Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. Oberflächenbeschichtetes schneidwerkzeug
CN107177813B (zh) * 2016-03-09 2019-03-29 中国科学院金属研究所 一种在M-Al金属间化合物上直接热生长α-Al2O3的方法及应用
DE102016108734B4 (de) * 2016-05-11 2023-09-07 Kennametal Inc. Beschichteter Körper und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Körpers
CN107557755B (zh) 2016-07-01 2020-05-01 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 具有{0 0 1}织构化κ-Al2O3层的CVD涂层切削工具
EP3848485A1 (de) 2020-01-10 2021-07-14 Sakari Ruppi Verbesserte alpha-aluminiumoxidschicht, die mit kontrollierten texturen abgeschieden wird
EP3848484A3 (de) 2020-01-10 2021-09-15 Sakari Ruppi Bei niedriger temperatur abgeschiedene geprägte aluminiumoxidschicht

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USRE32111E (en) * 1980-11-06 1986-04-15 Fansteel Inc. Coated cemented carbide bodies
US4608098A (en) 1981-12-16 1986-08-26 General Electric Co. Coated product and process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5162147A (en) 1992-11-10
EP0408535A1 (de) 1991-01-16
US5137774A (en) 1992-08-11
EP0408535B1 (de) 1994-04-06
DE69007885T2 (de) 1994-07-28
JP2648526B2 (ja) 1997-09-03
JPH03138368A (ja) 1991-06-12

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