DE494092C - Device for separating materials with different electrical properties - Google Patents

Description

Device for the separation of materials of different electrical Properties The known methods and devices for separating various Bodies according to their electrical conductivity can only be used to separate more or less uniform body use, but fail completely when it comes to the Separation of ores with gangue or minerals, rocks, Coals, metallurgical products or waste that do not form homogeneous pieces because with the usual scanning at two points it is entirely a matter of chance whether the The button hits a highly conductive or poorly conductive point. Even where a Multiple tactile organs are used, the individual tactile organs are with each other in a rigid connection, so that they hardly look better than a single, uniform Organ of touch. The same current flows through the tactile organs.

In contrast to this, according to the present invention, the tactile organs (with movable and resilient electrodes, e.g. wheels, occupied rollers or brushes) used in a variety in such a way that not only each roller or brush or each Wheel is independent in its movement, but also that each individual electrode, with which the rollers or brushes are occupied as electric bar carriers, a resilient one Movement can perform which is independent of the movement of the electrode carrier is.

In addition, a special type of circuit makes it possible given, good of pure good that has grown together with non- or bad leaders separate so that pure, fused and deaf goods are separated from one another can.

According to the invention, the tactile organs or pairs of buttons are in one Multiple applied at the same time, thus the different conductivity between different points on the same body to control mechanical To be able to use sorting devices.

Since the electrical resistance of the individual minerals (Ohm ccm) fluctuates, e.g. B. between 0.003 for lead luster and i X io $ for zinc blende and 5 Xiol4 for lime, one has a means at hand to separate the minerals from one another on the basis of their conductivity.

Is the conductive resistance of the body connected to the line so great that the currents can no longer be detected with normal measuring devices, see above it is sufficient in a known manner by appropriately arranged cathode tubes Currents are amplified to such an extent that they are used to actuate relays, which then further Auxiliary circuits close, can be used.

The separation of the bodies to be processed is carried out for example in the following way: On a moving band there are e.g. B. two minerals I and II, which have different conductivity and on reason this difference are to be separated. One leads the mineral first one after the other l, then (read Mineral Il through a device which was inserted into one with a Relay equipped circuit is switched. The device includes a number Conductive feelers with which the bodies passed through are scanned. Is this Piece T conducts relatively well, so the circuit is closed by the button and triggered by this circuit an oller several relays, which are now one operate mechanical device, e.g. B. an adjustable flap, «-elche the from Banal sloping pieces different depending on their different conductivity Shows the way.

The feeler can vary depending on the hardness and fracture shape of the material be carried out differently. One embodiment consists, for. B. in elastically mounted, metallic brushes, whose individual metal wires to the different poles of the Lead power source. The brushes are so movably mounted that they can be rocked largely adapt to the shape of the body passed through the contact point and in this way scan the piece directly with your metal wire bundles. Such Brushes feel the body to be separated from above as well as from the side, the base, however, can expediently consist of a horizontal movement Roller consist of metallic wheels.

The following two features are essential for the design of the brushes: i. Each electrode is sprung for itself (4bb. Sa and 8b), and 2. the whole brush is divided into individual horizontal or vertical strips, which again by their own Lever suspensions or are mounted movably against each other by springs.

Instead of the brushes, metal rollers can be relocated accordingly or wheels are used which scan the bodies to be separated.

The electrodes of the rollers are also each spring-loaded, straight or designed as an angle lever, and the whole roller can be converted back into individual cylindrical ones Discs may be sub-divided, which are supported by separate lever suspension or by resilient Connection with each other a large degree of mobility against each other exhibit. Instead of in a horizontal direction, the whole thing can lean in one direction Level will be attached, and the body will be in one place of the inclined plane slide through the scanning device and thereby close the circuit, provided he is a good leader. The closed circuit operates in all cases either directly or with the help of Rela.is the movement of flaps and thus the derivation of the bodies passing through the tactile apparatus, depending on their conductivity, into different ones Orbits and thereby the separation.

The feeler can also be attached to the ground so that the parts to be separated Bodies pass the same in free fall and again depending on their conductivity Operate the flaps underneath. The adjustable flap can also be through a Table can be replaced with hinged fields.

You can use several such scanning devices, electrically separated from each other, Attach one behind the other and each tactile device for a different voltage and thus set for a different group of bodies, so that even complex material mixtures are separable in this way.

The individual buttons or can also be used in the same scanning apparatus Connect button groups with resistors W, -W, (Fig. I, z 3, 4) with each other conductively and connect the button groups to different power sources (Fig. i).

This means that, according to Kirchhoff's rules, concerning the current branching in the same apparatus, different current strengths receives, depending on whether a pure conductor or one that has grown together with non-conductors Head passes through the cutting apparatus. So it can with this arrangement for example, pure ore from richly overgrown ore, from poorly overgrown ore and deaf material.

Such a button group, for the sake of simplicity, consists of six buttons consisting of, is illustrated in the drawing, for example, namely Fig. i the circuit diagram of such a button group, while in Figs. 2 to 4 the Effect of the button combination is illustrated.

The button pairs i, 2, 3 spring against each other, so that they pass through Scan material from all sides.

The button pairs are connected to special power sources i ', z' and 3 '(accumulators, transformer windings or the like). In the circuit, a relay or an apparatus for controlling the sorting device is switched on, which is always controlled by the sum of the pulses received. The buttons are conductively connected by resistors 1II ', which must be a multiple of the resistance of the ore to be separated. If, as illustrated in Fig. Z, a body comes between the antennae which contains such a piece of ore that two neighboring antennae i "and a" are bridged, while the rest of the body consists of adjacent rock, the current goes between ia -, b the way via E, W, and W, to ib.

The current between 2 "and 2b goes through E, Ir ', and W, and the current between 3a - - -31, over W,;, F and W,>, so that in the whole six real the resistance Pf 'is traversed.

In the position (Fig.3), where the conductive ore bridges the button ii, the following current curve can be seen: Between ii the resistance E, - 2-2 - - E, fi '1 and 1-f'4, - 3- 3 - - fJ "", E and TV :, 'therefore the resistance only has to be flowed through four times.

In the case of Fig. 4, in which the ore is in contact with three sensors, the following current curve can be seen: Between ii the resistance E, - 2-2 - - Wi, E, - 3-3 - - Wo, E, W g, in sum three TVs.

The current impulse is therefore significantly larger in the third case (Fig. D) than in the first case (Fig.2), while Case 2 (Fig.3) in the middle between the two lies.

FIGS. 6 to 10 show further exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention illustrated.

In Fig. 6 the conveyor belt .a. the pieces to be cut between two oppositely rotating current collector rollers 5 and 6 (rollers consisting of electrodes). In addition, one or both of these rollers or the individual cylindrical disks from which the rollers are assembled are movably mounted in that they are mounted on a pivotable lever; are hung. So that the rollers cannot touch each other, the lever arm 7 strikes a stop 8. - The distinctive to piece is therefore rolled directly Runaway g, it is conductive, the result Stromchluß And "is the conductive piece of s s äerieigten waste chute c9 sideways wrong swiveled (Figure 6, plan.).

Fig.7 shows the diarrhea of the product in the vertical direction by being movable stored brushes io, either only four (plan a) or a larger number (Plan h) are arranged around a vertical axis. The brushes which either consist of a uniform electrode container or «-elche in individual, against each other movable electron rows are subdivided again around movable levers i i Aasschwenkbar mounted so that they fit the size and shape of the falling piece to be able to adapt as much as possible. in Fig.Ba and 8b are details of the brush or roller construction illustrates from which it can be seen how the individual Feelers (electrodes) by suspension springs 13 or compression springs 14 Adjust the shape of the sliding piece or by pivoting around a pivot point adapt to the surface of the piece (Fig.8b).

Fig. G shows electrode wheels 15, which can be elastically pivoted again Can be mounted on rigid or flexible N-shafts.

Fig. Io illustrates the combination of individually yielding Wheel 16 with wheels 18 combined on a flexible shaft 17 to form a roller. The devices for swiveling out or deflecting the scanned pieces after passing them the organs of touch are arbitrary.

A very good and perfect scanning option results from the Combination of a roller with a flat or curved brush. Such embodiments are illustrated schematically in Figs. iia and iib.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Device for sorting batches piece by piece on the basis of the different electrical conductivity of the individual good pieces with electrically operated path switching and with the pieces on their trajectory touching scanning electrode pairs in such a way that the passage of current from electrode to electrode through the roughly or partially electrically conductive good piece and so that the route switching is actuated, characterized in that in the way of each good piece to be scanned several pairs of touch electrodes, which can be avoided individually or in groups against the contact pressure of the good piece, are arranged in such a way that pieces of different sizes and surface shapes are touched on all sides. 2. Device according to claim i, characterized in that that the sensor groups are connected to different power sources and to each other connected by resistors in such a way that taking advantage of the laws of electricity distribution in a branched ladder in the same separator pure ladder of fused ones Ground conductors so that the former supply stronger short-circuit currents than the latter.