DE4312937A1 - Deflectable mounting of a boring bar on the work spindle of a fine boring machine - Google Patents
Deflectable mounting of a boring bar on the work spindle of a fine boring machineInfo
- Publication number
- DE4312937A1 DE4312937A1 DE19934312937 DE4312937A DE4312937A1 DE 4312937 A1 DE4312937 A1 DE 4312937A1 DE 19934312937 DE19934312937 DE 19934312937 DE 4312937 A DE4312937 A DE 4312937A DE 4312937 A1 DE4312937 A1 DE 4312937A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- boring bar
- articulated frame
- work spindle
- trapezoidal
- boring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/03—Boring heads
- B23B29/034—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings
- B23B29/03432—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings radially adjustable during manufacturing
- B23B29/03457—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings radially adjustable during manufacturing by pivoting the tool carriers or by elastic deformation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/02—Boring bars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
- B23Q1/34—Relative movement obtained by use of deformable elements, e.g. piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, elastic or thermally-dilatable elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine auslenkbare Lagerung einer ei nen Drehmeißel tragenden Bohrstange an der Arbeitsspindel einer Feinbohrmaschine zur Erzeugung unrunder Bohrungen.The invention relates to a deflectable storage of an egg boring bar on the work spindle a fine boring machine for creating out-of-round bores.
Durch eine solche Lagerung sollen beliebig unrunde Bohrun gen herstellbar sein. Zu diesem Zweck muß die Auslenkung im Arbeitsbetrieb der Bohrstange reaktionsschnell sein.Through such a storage arbitrarily out-of-round drilling gene producible. For this purpose the deflection in Working operation of the boring bar be responsive.
Zur Erzielung äußerst genauer Bohrungsgeometrien soll das freie Ende der Bohrstange in der Achse der Arbeitsspindel zusätzlich gelagert sein. Eine solche Lagerung ist allge mein als Reitstocklagerung der Bohrstange bekannt.To achieve extremely precise bore geometries, free end of the boring bar in the axis of the work spindle be additionally stored. Such storage is common my known as the tailstock bearing of the boring bar.
Eine grundsätzliche Lösung des vorstehenden Aufgabenkomple xes wird durch eine Ausbildung der Lagereinrichtung nach den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 erreicht.A basic solution to the above task xes is followed by training the storage facility the characterizing features of claim 1 achieved.
Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteran sprüche.Appropriate configurations are the subject of the Unteran claims.
Die Lösung des zweiten Teils der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe, nämlich die Lagerung des freien Endes der Bohrstange, be ruht auf den kinematischen Eigenschaften eines trapezförmi gen Gelenkrahmens, nach denen es möglich ist, die daran be festigte Bohrstange so zu verschwenken, daß ihr freies Ende in der Rotationsachse der Arbeitsspindel in einem Fixpunkt gelagert bleiben kann. Diese Eigenschaft ist zumindest für geringe Schwenkwinkel der Bohrstange, auf welche es erfin dungsgemäß allein ankommt, garantiert. Unter geringem Schwenkwinkel werden dabei solche Winkel verstanden, die durch eine Verschiebung der betreffenden Gelenkpunkte des Gelenkrahmens um weniger als etwa 1 mm erzeugt werden.The solution of the second part of the task according to the invention, namely the storage of the free end of the boring bar, be rests on the kinematic properties of a trapezoidal articulated frame, according to which it is possible to be attached to it fixed pivoting boring bar so that its free end in the axis of rotation of the work spindle at a fixed point can remain stored. This property is at least for small swivel angle of the boring bar on which it is invented arrives alone, guaranteed. Under little Swivel angles are understood to mean such angles that by moving the relevant hinge points of the Articulated frame can be generated by less than about 1 mm.
In der Zeichnung sind eine Prinzipdarstellung sowie ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt: Es zeigtIn the drawing there is a schematic diagram as well as a Illustrated embodiment of the invention: It shows
Fig. 1 das Prinzip eines erfindungsgemäßen, durch einen Piezo-Motor verschwenkbaren Gelenk rahmens als Bohrstangen-Lagereinrichtung, Fig. 1 shows the principle of the invention a, through a piezo motor pivotable joint frame as boring bars bearing means,
Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Gelenk rahmens an einer Arbeitsspindel mit aufge setzter Bohrstange, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an articulated frame to a work spindle with an attached drill rod
Fig. 3 eine Ansicht einer speziellen Ausbildung eines Gelenkrahmens. Fig. 3 is a view of a special design of an articulated frame.
Eine Bohrstange 1 ist über einen Gelenkrahmen 2 gelenkig an der Arbeitsspindel 3 einer Feinbohrmaschine gelagert.A boring bar 1 is articulated on the work spindle 3 of a fine boring machine via an articulated frame 2 .
Die Bohrstange 1 ist an ihrem freien Ende in einem Reit stock 4 innerhalb der Rotationsachse der Arbeitsspindel 3 gegengelagert.The boring bar 1 is counter-mounted at its free end in a riding stock 4 within the axis of rotation of the work spindle 3 .
Der Gelenkrahmen 2 ist durch einen Piezo-Motor 5 gegenüber der Arbeitsspindel 3 verschwenkbar. The articulated frame 2 can be pivoted relative to the work spindle 3 by means of a piezo motor 5 .
Der Gelenkrahmen 2 besteht im wesentlichen aus vier Rahmen teilen, die durch vier Gelenke 6 in einer Ebene verschwenk bar miteinander verbunden sind. Die Gelenke 6 befinden sich dabei auf den Eckpunkten eines Trapezes. Die einzelnen Ge lenkrahmenteile bilden dabei die Trapezseiten des durch die Gelenke 6 bestimmten Trapezes. Die Trapezbasisseite 7 ist fest mit der Arbeitsspindel 3 verbunden. Die Bohrstange 1 ist fest mit der kurzen, der langen Trapezbasisseite paral lel gegenüberliegenden Seite 8 verbunden.The articulated frame 2 consists essentially of four parts which are pivotally connected to one another by four joints 6 in one plane. The joints 6 are located on the corner points of a trapezoid. The individual Ge steering frame parts form the trapezoidal sides of the trapezoid determined by the joints 6 . The trapezoid base side 7 is firmly connected to the work spindle 3 . The boring bar 1 is firmly connected to the short side 8 , which is located parallel to the long trapezoidal base side.
Der Piezo-Motor 5 stützt sich an seinem einen Ende an einer fest mit der Trapezbasisseite 7 verbundenen Stütze 9 ab. An seinem anderen Ende ist er an eine der beiden kurzen Tra pezseiten 10 angelenkt. Durch Ausdehnung und Kontraktion zwischen den Anlenkpunkten bewirkt der Piezo-Motor 5 eine Verschwenkung des Gelenkrahmens 2.The piezo motor 5 is supported at one end on a support 9 which is firmly connected to the trapezoid base side 7 . At its other end, it is articulated to one of the two short trapezoid sides 10 . The piezo motor 5 causes the articulated frame 2 to pivot by expansion and contraction between the articulation points.
Bei dem Verschwenken des Gelenkrahmens 2 bewegen sich die Gelenke 6, die an der Trapezseite 8 liegen, mit der die Bohrstange 1 fest verbunden ist, zumindest bei einer nur geringfügigen Verschwenkung des Rahmens auf einem Kreis K1, dessen Mittelpunkt M durch den Schnittpunkt der Verlänge rungen der Trapezseiten 10 mit der Rotationsachse der Ar beitsspindel 3 liegt, wobei dieser Mittelpunkt M seine ra diale und axiale Lage zu der Arbeitsspindel 3, zumindest bei den erfindungsgemäß allein interessierenden geringen Verschwenkungen des Gelenkrahmens 2, nicht verändert. Da durch ist in diesem Mittelpunkt M eine Reitstocklagerung der Bohrstange 1 möglich. Ein neben dem Mittelpunkt M auf der Bohrstange 1 befestigter Drehmeißel 13 bewegt sich bei der Schwenkung der Bohrstange 1 auf einer Kreisbahn K2, was zu der gewünschten mit dem Drehmeißel vorzunehmenden Durch messer-Änderung bei der Feinbearbeitung einer Bohrung führt.When pivoting the articulated frame 2 , the joints 6 , which are located on the trapezoidal side 8 , with which the boring bar 1 is firmly connected, at least with only a slight pivoting of the frame on a circle K1, whose center M wrestles through the intersection of the extensions the trapezoidal sides 10 with the axis of rotation of the ar beitsspindel 3 , this center point M does not change its ra diale and axial position to the work spindle 3 , at least in the case of the small swivels of the articulated frame 2 which are of sole interest according to the invention. Since a tailstock mounting of the boring bar 1 is possible in this center M. A attached to the center M on the boring bar 1 turning tool 13 moves when pivoting the boring bar 1 on a circular path K2, which leads to the desired diameter change to be made with the turning tool during the fine machining of a bore.
Wenn der Piezo-Motor 5 nur eine Zustellbewegung in einer Richtung ausführt, erfolgt die Rückführung in eine unver schwenkte Ausgangslage der Bohrstange 1 über eine Rückhol feder 11. Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 3 ist der Gelenkrah men 2 ein einstückiges Teil. Dieses Teil ist beispielsweise aus Vollmaterial herausgearbeitet. Das Material selbst kann Stahl sein. Die Formgebung des Gelenkrahmens ist derart, daß die einzelnen Seitenteile 7, 8 und 10 jeweils für sich biegesteif sind, während sie an ihren gegenseitigen Über gängen im Sinne der Gelenke 6 elastisch verformbar sind. Diese elastische Verformbarkeit wird durch Einschnürungen 12 in den als Gelenke 6 dienenden Bereichen des Gelenkrah mens erreicht. Bei dieser Ausführung kann die in der Prin zipdarstellung nach Fig. 1 vorgesehene Rückholfeder 11 ent fallen, da der Rahmen in den Einschnürbereichen selbst ela stisch federnd ist.If the piezo motor 5 only executes an infeed movement in one direction, the return takes place in an undeflected starting position of the boring bar 1 via a return spring 11 . In the embodiment of Fig. 3 is the Gelenkrah men 2 a one-piece part. This part is made from solid material, for example. The material itself can be steel. The shape of the joint frame is such that the individual side parts 7 , 8 and 10 are each rigid in itself, while they are elastically deformable at their mutual transitions in the sense of the joints 6 . This elastic deformability is achieved by constrictions 12 in the regions of the articulated frame serving as joints 6 . In this embodiment, the return spring 11 provided in the principle shown in FIG. 1 may fall, since the frame itself is elastic in the constricted areas.
Der Einsatz eines Piezo-Motors 5 hat den besonderen Vor teil, daß die Zustellbewegungen einerseits sehr schnell er folgen können und daß andererseits auch die zum Aufbringen der Schneidkräfte erforderlichen Zustellkräfte problemlos möglich sind. Durch die Verwendung eines elektrischen Stellgliedes ist eine Steuerung der Zustellbewegungen des Motors 5 nach einem elektronisch gespeicherten Programm für einen bestimmten Formverlauf der zu erzeugenden Bohrung möglich.The use of a piezo motor 5 has the special part before that the feed movements, on the one hand, he can follow very quickly and that, on the other hand, the feed forces required to apply the cutting forces are possible without any problems. By using an electrical actuator, it is possible to control the infeed movements of the motor 5 according to an electronically stored program for a specific shape of the bore to be produced.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934312937 DE4312937A1 (en) | 1993-04-21 | 1993-04-21 | Deflectable mounting of a boring bar on the work spindle of a fine boring machine |
PCT/DE1994/000444 WO1994025209A1 (en) | 1993-04-21 | 1994-04-19 | Variable mounting of a boring bar on the work spindle of a fineboring machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934312937 DE4312937A1 (en) | 1993-04-21 | 1993-04-21 | Deflectable mounting of a boring bar on the work spindle of a fine boring machine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4312937A1 true DE4312937A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
Family
ID=6485951
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934312937 Withdrawn DE4312937A1 (en) | 1993-04-21 | 1993-04-21 | Deflectable mounting of a boring bar on the work spindle of a fine boring machine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4312937A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994025209A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4442218A1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1996-05-30 | Mahle Gmbh | Fine boring machine for creating out-of-round bores |
DE19710601A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Univ Magdeburg Tech | Movement generator with three actuators |
EP0999005A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-10 | Gerhard Dr.-Ing. Widl | Chuck for a machine tool |
EP0999004A2 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-10 | Gerhard Dr.-Ing. Widl | Chuck for a machine tool |
WO2005072897A3 (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-12-01 | Schoeller Bleckmann Oilfield T | Drill, and drilling method |
DE102008063945A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Method for designing hole profile of non-circular bolt holes for receiving bearing bushes in piston of internal combustion engine, involves pivoting movable center point over oscillating lever of electronic mold head |
DE102005020501B4 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2014-01-16 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Method for introducing a non-round pin bore in a piston of an internal combustion engine |
DE102013218888A1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2015-04-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | tool spindle |
Families Citing this family (6)
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US8904912B2 (en) | 2012-08-16 | 2014-12-09 | Omax Corporation | Control valves for waterjet systems and related devices, systems, and methods |
US9095955B2 (en) | 2012-08-16 | 2015-08-04 | Omax Corporation | Control valves for waterjet systems and related devices, systems and methods |
US11554461B1 (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2023-01-17 | Omax Corporation | Articulating apparatus of a waterjet system and related technology |
WO2021127253A1 (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Liquid jet cutting head sensor systems and methods |
WO2021195106A1 (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | Hypertherm, Inc. | High-pressure seal for a liquid jet cutting system |
EP4127479A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2023-02-08 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Cylinder for a liquid jet pump with multi-functional interfacing longitudinal ends |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1552435B2 (en) * | 1967-02-28 | 1973-03-29 | Spezialnoje Konstruktorskoje Bjuro Skbars, Odessa (Sowjetunion) | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING A SPINDLE HEAD OF A MACHINE TOOL |
DE3332243A1 (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1985-03-21 | J. Kühn GmbH & Co Präzisionswerkzeug KG, 4270 Dorsten | Rotatable machining device, in particular a boring head or the like |
DE3446275C1 (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1986-07-24 | Samson Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Rotating drill head with an infeed device arranged between a connecting shank and a tool carrier |
DE3726276C2 (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1990-09-27 | Samson Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
DE4029796A1 (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-04-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Drill rod with adjustable inserts - has cylindrical base body with drive stud and adjuster with rotary and slidable insert support |
DE3822615C2 (en) * | 1988-07-04 | 1992-02-13 | Samson Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
DE3926026C2 (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1992-07-09 | Kuehn, Joachim, Dipl.-Ing., 4355 Waltrop, De |
Family Cites Families (4)
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SE415347B (en) * | 1978-12-07 | 1980-09-29 | Tetra Pak Int | DEVICE FOR EDGE CUTTING OF A CURRENT LAMINATE COAT |
JPS6052230A (en) * | 1983-09-02 | 1985-03-25 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Minutely moving stage mechanism |
DE3788773T2 (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1994-08-04 | Hitachi Construction Machinery | Device for fine adjustment and device for controlling these adjustments. |
DE3828854A1 (en) * | 1988-08-25 | 1990-03-08 | Mahle Gmbh | FINE DRILLING MACHINE FOR PRODUCING HOLES WITH ANY POLAR AND / OR AXIAL ANY MANTELINE DEVELOPMENT |
-
1993
- 1993-04-21 DE DE19934312937 patent/DE4312937A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-04-19 WO PCT/DE1994/000444 patent/WO1994025209A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1552435B2 (en) * | 1967-02-28 | 1973-03-29 | Spezialnoje Konstruktorskoje Bjuro Skbars, Odessa (Sowjetunion) | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING A SPINDLE HEAD OF A MACHINE TOOL |
DE3332243A1 (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1985-03-21 | J. Kühn GmbH & Co Präzisionswerkzeug KG, 4270 Dorsten | Rotatable machining device, in particular a boring head or the like |
DE3446275C1 (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1986-07-24 | Samson Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Rotating drill head with an infeed device arranged between a connecting shank and a tool carrier |
DE3726276C2 (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1990-09-27 | Samson Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
DE3822615C2 (en) * | 1988-07-04 | 1992-02-13 | Samson Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
DE3926026C2 (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1992-07-09 | Kuehn, Joachim, Dipl.-Ing., 4355 Waltrop, De | |
DE4029796A1 (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-04-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Drill rod with adjustable inserts - has cylindrical base body with drive stud and adjuster with rotary and slidable insert support |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4442218A1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1996-05-30 | Mahle Gmbh | Fine boring machine for creating out-of-round bores |
US5782585A (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1998-07-21 | Mahle Gmbh | Precision drill for drilling noncircular bores |
DE19710601A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Univ Magdeburg Tech | Movement generator with three actuators |
DE19710601C2 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-05-20 | Univ Magdeburg Tech | Motion generator |
EP0999005A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-10 | Gerhard Dr.-Ing. Widl | Chuck for a machine tool |
EP0999004A2 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-10 | Gerhard Dr.-Ing. Widl | Chuck for a machine tool |
EP0999004A3 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2003-07-16 | Index-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Hahn & Tessky | Chuck for a machine tool |
EP1344594A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2003-09-17 | Index-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Hahn & Tessky | Chuck |
WO2005072897A3 (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-12-01 | Schoeller Bleckmann Oilfield T | Drill, and drilling method |
US7824135B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2010-11-02 | Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg | Drill, and drilling method |
EP2730358A1 (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2014-05-14 | SCHOELLER-BLECKMANN Oilfield Technology GmbH | Method of drilling |
DE102005020501B4 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2014-01-16 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Method for introducing a non-round pin bore in a piston of an internal combustion engine |
DE102008063945A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Method for designing hole profile of non-circular bolt holes for receiving bearing bushes in piston of internal combustion engine, involves pivoting movable center point over oscillating lever of electronic mold head |
DE102008063945B4 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2015-06-18 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Shaped bore profiles for a pin bearing |
DE102013218888A1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2015-04-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | tool spindle |
US9969038B2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2018-05-15 | Mahle International Gmbh | Tool spindle having an active magnetic bearing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994025209A1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
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Legal Events
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OM8 | Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
8141 | Disposal/no request for examination |