DE3704524A1 - Stairway systems consisting of plastic (transparent) and designs adequate for the material - Google Patents

Abstract

Published without abstract.

Description

The invention relates to a material that is crystal clear, such as acrylic or another mass of a similar nature.

This is from the usual wooden or stone stairs deviated, furthermore from stairs of other material Type for special purposes, such as the pure metal Stairs, as for subordinate or specific Use thought.

It is certainly not necessary to emphasize expressis verbis, that to the plastic intended for the stairs a material-appropriate construction is also required is.

Since stairs of every conceivable kind are addressed here will be determined by material stress tests be what material strength and thickness is required in relation to the load and Strain the stairs and this will turn in Relation to the type and size of stairs (e.g. narrow spiral staircase, wide entrance staircase u. a. m.).

Furthermore, the question arises whether to use Ending plastic constant in its nature remains or is subject to thermal influences. - In the In the case of ACRYL, this thermal influence is relative very effective.

So much for ACRYL that a plastic ver is based on polymethymethacrylate or of mixed polymerization of at least eighty Weight percent methyl methacrylate and up to twenty Weight percent comonomers, like other methacrylic esters, Acrylic esters or styrene, or copolymers Methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, for example. The required thickness of the material should be z. B. in on the order of twenty to fifty milli move meters of strength. It is difficult to materialize the extruding these starches, therefore, as a rule, ge  cast acrylic glass can be used.

When connecting the individual stair parts is flat if the material property has to be considered.

Is used next to the firmness is also soft or smooth required property, z. B. with rubber be working here with a Shore hardness of forty to seventy. Other permanent elastic may also be usable materials, but always the same Shore hardness. The following may be mentioned as alternatives:

Synthetic rubber, acrylic elastomers, fluoroelastomers, Polyurethane elastomers or elastomeric polyolefins u. a. m.

The following about the coloring.
The stair systems are planned from colorless, crystal-clear mass. If desired, a colored, opaque or opaque coloring can also be offered, as this is already known as a marketable material.

The following about the surface quality of the material.
In general (binding for all stair tread designs) it can be said that a mirror-smooth upper surface of the step area is possible, but need not be. In a thermal way z. B. corrugations are incorporated into the mass to ensure better and safer accessibility of the stairs. As one of possible other alternatives, there is also a covering, which may also be made of crystal-clear mass, but with a structured surface that counteracts slipping.

By fixing the supports (of all kinds) analogous to conventional (and already existing and also systems that can be used here depending on the individual case think and be decided.  

Constructive in relation to the material (Explanation of the patent claim regarding details)

The individual stair parts are a WHOLE (stair) to assemble. The connection must use the stairs be adequately firm and durable.

In the case of acrylic or comparable material thermal changes. Data and facts have to be determined, coefficients, depending on the type of stairs and the structure of requirements.

The key is:

• - Stair size (not always the size as such, too the spar length of a staircase reaches z. B. somewhere the critical points),
• - stair loading,
• - Stair construction

The results of this (and possibly other) basic data enable differentiated decisions:

• - type of stairs,
• - Material in relation to the construction u. m.

In any case, firm and yet slippery / sliding connections become necessary. Among the before The materials mentioned are then the most suitable to select - at this point there is none Make a blanket statement, everything can only be case-related can be seen "stair case related".

Especially in the case of serial production intentions first test attempts to refine and thus to one optimal solution. The ones mentioned here Basic data require differentiation, related on the respective staircase construction and the ge made demands.  

For stair construction

The usual stair construction is a step Support (step) on the entire level, except marginal zones, but they can also be flush.

Here is a related one (the conventional stair system similar) version has been proposed as a bedding the steps (also risers, which are omitted here possible) on two (right and left) spars, that represent the stairway scaffolding.

A further modification would be possible as a construction, at that only one spar supports the steps in the middle, instead of right and left (the double-sided stretcher construction is undoubtedly the more stable construction).

With Figs. 1 to 6 some detail points are Darge provides, with references.

If the step is clamped in, the depth of the staircase differs, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The spars usually understand themselves as solid bodies, but are certainly also - with appropriate dimensioning - Possible and applicable as a hollow body, if necessary to one side open towards (in the case of U-shaped elements).

The steps must be attached individually to the bars. It makes sense to keep the surface of the steps, i.e. the walking zone, closed, i.e. not to drill, unless the element is grid-like and offers the opening. Drilling the underside of the spar (towards the step) will only be possible with accessible hollow bodies. In the case of a solid version, a lateral fastening is advisable, using an angle, which can vary in size or width ( FIG. 5).

It must be determined in individual cases when, even with angled connections, thermal material changes in the parts to be connected still require precautions, here in the sense of a horizontal-vertical shift. Fig. 5 shows an alternative that offers scope in the horizontal and vertical directions. It would also be possible to provide this scope on one side (in the screwing area), so that vertical and horizontal expansion is possible.

The connection materials are also understood as crystal clear mass produced.

Both to counter thermal changes as well eliminating the creaking of the steps when walking recommended to support the steps softly and smoothly with the previously mentioned materials and as required.

A modern staircase version, which consists of U-shaped individual elements, show FIGS . 7 and 8. The fastening of these U-shaped parts takes place as a connection to each other. Where the individual attachment points lie, the schematic staircase representation using Fig. 9 shows where crosses mark the respective (approximate) positions of the attachments. But even in the case of this construction, the position and attachment must be calculated with regard to their optimal use and, if necessary, tared off by tests.

With Figs. 10 and 11 are shown speeds two mounting possible. The left representation ( Fig. 10) is cheaper with its round version of the holder than it would be a square version. And the upright bracket is cheaper compared to a square version and also cheaper than a round version (which in turn is less expensive than the square shape).

The attachment types described above are safe only exemplary examples of many other possible ver sions.

With FIGS. 12 and 13 is again schematically represents Darge, such as "hanging" and "enter" is to be understood. The end position is always in the narrow zone - the opening is used for assembly and disassembly.

With FIG. 14, the supporting-bearing area of the sys tem (open at the top, hanging up) shown, the load pulls downwards. Here, but also in the case of the hanging version, there are "system-related shear stresses".

There are two possible versions of the fixings that are in same direction going opening zones, but also the ver set (by 160 degrees). Since the stairs are made of individual elements  stands, thermal changes and load-related Movements may lead to a hanging element is pushed up and possibly out the fastening loosens (opening of the zone for assembly purposes is yes above).

A horizontal mounting version in the lower area de U-shaped element could be helpful. The introduction tion for assembly purposes should only be possible if the latched bracket on the other side lying in the opposite direction to the opening. If this point is really reached, the Attachment on one side provides support. The top loading Fortifications should, however, be such that a central position of the bracket is "normal position". - Here can - without costly experiments - actually do not predict anything - the reference to the transverse arrangement an opening is a suggestion, nothing more. The same in principle, but rotated by 180 degrees fortifications are not shown again here.

If the opening direction is the same (vertical course of the two fastenings), the lower part always has the opening at the bottom ( Fig. 12, hanging version). The part will be hung up, so to speak, so the "support element" will only be at the top within the opening. The reverse is true for the higher part, which has a carrying function, here the opening area is always at the top ( Fig. 13).

Since there is an expansion in the vertical direction (by hanging and carrying the downward load) it can - already due to the design-related bracket with leeway up and down - hardly any particular advantage turns.

As mentioned at the beginning, the range of possibilities is like this large, as far as protective measures are concerned, that only exempla two solutions should be mentioned; completely different Versions should not be excluded.  

• - Through appropriately shaped brackets and openings an absorption of the stretch could be created
• - but also through soft parts in the zones of "Anein addition "(connection) of two elements could be one Flexibility and adaptation of these soft parts to everyone thermal expansion / shrinkage created will. And then you would have a knack for it closed system (expansion joints are for expansion and Shrinking always filled). The soft tissues are as very narrow supports in the form of a mass thought that can be imagined like a band. Next the imperative of using this fle The "movements" could possibly still be caused by xible mass Design and amount of mass creative effect preserved, like the effect of a very small bar, possibly with a sample or similar - try it out if he wishes.

So much for this example of stairs.

With Fig. 16 (plan view Fig. 15) another example is shown for a construction that looks light and corresponds to the material.

A related solution is shown by means of FIG. 17.

This staircase system can - just like the aforementioned - to be understood as free in the sense of "self-supporting". Here are the usual ground anchors as in the case of Stairs of conventional materials (but of the same construction) to provide.

The usual fastenings are also useful obviously the material mass used here (crystal clear) check, for example with regard to the step bracket and others Construction points more. In this case, however, is too note (whether) that thermal influences on a large scale could take effect. It comes down to various factors on, u. a. on the size of the stairs and like here the thermal Influences are dealt with with a soft "seal". Here could Rubber or a comparable plastic must be used.  

At the same time, another effect could be achieved be, namely to creak the steps when you walk on them switch.

The sketch in Fig. 18 shows a staircase system consisting of individual steps to be connected.

Especially here we understand the use of materials guarantee the lubricity.

Instead of a handrail, which would also be made of transparent material, a rope could also be provided and that could just be if made of crystal clear mass.

Alternatively, below, Fig. 19, on the individual stage Darge represents how bars for the handrail can be brought on the stage itself. In the case of a rigid handrail, it should be noted that the overall system offers enough scope to absorb thermal influences. This will usually be the case, so it won't be a problem.

The numerous modern handrail versions also leave here enough scope and evasive options for one Alternative construction, if required, that at the Ange bots palette will still be selectable according to the situation.

Spindle stairs, Fig. 20, are offered in different construction versions, mostly with one-sided step support or clamping.

In these constructions, the most important ver Binding points to be able to produce a lubricity and the Creaking of the steps (on inspection) must be counteracted sen.

The variety of construction options hardly allows an exemplary example, because then flat-rate too easy should be, as far as the constructive conditions are concerned. For this reason, it should only be mentioned here that in any case - here because of the mostly one-sided step attachment - a ge know smoothness and suppleness at the connections may be mandatory. The constructive Version of one-sided fastening also favors a step Creak (on inspection), which must also be counteracted.

Claims (7)

Stair systems of all kinds, made of plastic, usually consisting of individual parts and to be assembled. This includes the entire range of other options in terms of the number of individual stair parts, right up to the finished stair element, which consists of only one piece. The stair systems are characterized by

• - That all examples shown here and all possible further constructions consist of a clear plastic, such as ACRYL or comparable materials, furthermore
• - characterized in that all (assembly) accessories are made of the same material, such as screws and. m., further
• - That the stair constructions are to be designed new and appropriate to the material, taking into account the material properties, as described later and reaching up to the construction method.

The following about the specific claims. The opportunity to file additional claims is only connected to a specific construction possible. The specific representations of possible constructions, especially considering the detailed alternatives, would result in a variety that is not even mentioned here could be included, let alone continuing. Out For this reason, only a few construct representations of exemplary character the possible Broad spectrum can be demonstrated. More details than graphical representations with Text, are at the end, so after the following Be to find the description of the stair systems. The patent protection generally applied for relates to the material in connection with a material-adequate Construction. There are constructive options so many that they cannot be recorded individually. But below you can find information about the requ material structure and texture. Because Other information about other materials that are in the constructive sense each have their place and are to be used if necessary. Details on design specifications are given in Principle but always traceable to this information, in the sense of a starting point for variations. To that extent are claims that are in the sense of a specification constructive basis than in the general patent Protection "integrated" understood.