DE3701042A1 - AGENT FOR THE LEAVING OF PLANTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a means for leaf feeding Plants and a process for their production, the can be used in agriculture.

A means of leaf-feeding plants is known the food macro and micro elements in the following amounts contains: nitrogen - 25%; Phosphorus - 6%; Potassium - 10%; Iron - 0.1%; Boron - 200 mg / kg, manganese - 500 mg / kg, copper - 500 mg / kg, zinc - 500 mg / kg, molybdenum - 5 mg / kg and Cobalt - 5 mg / kg (VUXAL ® SUSPENSIONS, company brochure Schering AG, West Berlin). The disadvantage of this remedy lies in the fact that its application has no direct effect on the accumulation of protein in the plants and is exercised in the grain (seeds).

It is a method and an apparatus for manufacturing known from such suspending agents, the macro and microelements (salts) mixed with water and other additives cold ground in the appropriate mixer (copyright certificate BG No. 39496).

The disadvantage of this process for the production of suspending agents for leaf nutrition with this salt composition can be seen in the fact that when left standing for a long time Crystals grow in the suspension, mainly from well crystallized potassium nitrate, causing deterioration the quality of the suspension. To suppress crystallization are common physiologically inactive substances - fillers and stabilizers  - added, but a negative effect exercise on the leaf mass of the plants, especially at Dosage of the agent in higher concentrations. To the to limit the high degree of crystallization of potassium nitrate, is the amount of potassium needed by others potassium-containing salts added. This will be mainly Potassium chloride used in amounts up to 30%, which the Presence of those very undesirable for the development of the plants Conditional chlorine ions in the mixture.

The invention has for its object a means for Leaf nutrition to create, which increases the protein yield and content in the plant organs increased, as well as a process for the preparation of the suspending agent, the one has a homogeneous and fine-grained structure.

This object is as from the preceding claims evident, solved, by a suspending agent, that contains food macro and micro elements, whose liquid phase concentrated milk water that is 2 to 4% Contains protein hydrolyzate (amino acids). To Cooling of the mixture thus produced becomes a homogeneous, fine-grained suspension that does not change over time, receive.

The advantage of the agent according to the invention is that that when used for leaf nutrition, the protein yield and content in the plants increased. The advantage of the process for its production is that by Heat treatment is a solvation of the component of the Dispersion medium is reached and after cooling the obtained mixture microcrystals are generated that  are unable to grow when the preparation is stored. Another advantage of the process is that in the hot processes no work items with high circulation or High pressure pumps must be used.

The invention is illustrated by the following example explains:

Regulations for the composition of the agent:

• 1. Protein hydrolyzate (amino acids) - 2%;
• 2. Lactic acid solution of milk water, concentrated three times - 25%.
  The following components are contained in the lactic acid solution:
  - lactic acid - 10%;
  - calcium - 0.5% and magnesium - 0.1%;
  - Riboflavin - 0.5% and ascorbic acid - 3 mg / l;
  - thiamine - 0.1 mg / l.
• 3. Macro elements: nitrogen - 31.25%; Phosphorus - 7.5%; Potassium - 15%;
• 4. Micro elements: iron - 400 mg / l; Boron - 312.5 mg / l; Manganese - 200 mg / l; Copper - 187.5 mg / l; Zinc - 125 mg / l; Molybdenum - 18.75 mg / l; Cobalt - 6.25 mg / l.

The process for the preparation of the agent is in a appropriate device performed, the technological Scheme includes the following stages:

• 1. Fermentation of waste milk water;
• 2. Concentration of the lactic acid solution of the fermented Milk water by vacuum evaporation.  
• 3. Enzyme hydrolysis of the protein component and concentration of the protein hydrolyzate by vacuum evaporation.
• 4. Preparation of the suspension and completion of the final product.

In the first stage of the technological process ferments the milk water in a fermenter at 45 ° C and pH = 5.0- 5.2 (maintained by dosing with KOH), taking the milk sugar (Lactose) in milk water under the effect of Bacillus Bulgaricus converts to lactic acid, which is used to bind of the micro elements in easily assimilable by the plants Connections is needed.

In the second stage of the technological process the lactic acid solution of the milk water three times in a vacuum Evaporator concentrated, the content of lactic acid increases up to approximately 10% while the milk protein content 1 to 2% reached and the content of other ingredients in milk water, like vitamins and salts, too increases. The concentrated solution thus obtained provides the basic component of the dispersion medium to be generated Suspension.

In the next third stage, the protein hydrolyzate, that the necessary components to build the agent - protein-containing fractions (polypeptides, peptides and amino acids) - brought along, produced. In the reactor Apparatus for hydrolyzing the protein carrier Microbial or protein hydrolyzate for 3 to 5 times Thicken fed to the vacuum evaporator and then closed the liquid medium of the suspension in sufficient quantities added to obtain 3% protein.  

In the fourth technological stage, the reactor with agitator the liquid medium of the agent, concentrated Milk water and protein hydrolyzate, in amounts of 20 percent by volume poured. The mixture is heated to 75-80 ° C and then starts adding from the bunker metering device, of the salts, which are the necessary amounts Micro elements: potassium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, carbamide, Bring ammonium nitrate. The salts are in the indicated order admitted what by their solubility is conditional until complete dissolution. The the lowest solubility shows the potassium nitrate and the highest the ammonium nitrate. Then the solution Salts which contain the required amounts of iron and microelements, such as iron sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, Ammonium molybdate, manganese nitrate and cobalt chloride, added. These salts are concentrated in advance at 75 ° C Dissolved milk water and afterwards to the total mass admitted. It follows the addition of the starch solution, too solved in advance, but cold to the concentrated one Milk water, in amounts of 2.5-3% of the total mass.

The mixture thus obtained is homogenized for 30 to 40 minutes and then for cooling in the cooling section - Screw crystallizer - fed. It will be up to cooled to a temperature of 20-25 ° C, being a homogeneous free-grain suspension is obtained, which is to be completed is continued.

Embodiment 1

In the experiments, wheat of the "Sadovo 1" variety grown in leached alluvial meadow soil was used in accordance with the agricultural technology recommended for this area. The size of the test parcel was 10 m ² in three repetitions. The cultivation of the plants was carried out during two phases of their development: phase of sprout formation and phase of earing. The amount of the sprayed solution varied from 400 to 800 ml / decar.

Embodiment 2

In a reactor with agitator (capacity - 300 l) 25 l concentrated (in a vacuum evaporator) fermented Suspension and 5 l concentrated solution of a protein hydrolyzate, which was obtained by enzyme hydrolysis, poured. It was stirred continuously until Heated to 70 ° C and then with the addition in portions of Potassium nitrate - 48 kg (according to the prescription) started. The nitrate is added over 1 hour. Then follows the addition of ammonium phosphate - 21 kg also in portions during 25 to 30 min, the temperature of the medium increased by heating with heating elements up to 75-80 ° C becomes. It is followed by the addition of 50 kg of carbamide during 25-30 min - a process in which the temperature of the Systems descends (an endothermic process as in the case of ammonium nitrate). However, the temperature must not fall below 70 ° C. After adding the last portion of carbamide wait for 10 to 15 minutes for the temperature to rise increased to 75-80 ° C and then begins adding of ammonium nitrate - 32.5 kg over 20-25 min. The mixture obtained in this way, which contains all microcomponents, is stirred for 15 to 20 min and concentrated 4 l solution Milk water, in which the salts, which the required amounts of iron and micro elements:  Boric acid - 0.214 kg; Ammonium molybdate - 0.290 kg; Zinc nitrate - 0.068 kg; Manganese nitrate - 0.180 kg; Cobalt chloride - 0.003 kg; Copper sulfate - 0.083 kg and iron sulfate - Bring 3.750 kg, are dissolved at one temperature from 70 to 75 ° C added. The entire mass is stirred for 15 to 20 minutes and then 5 liters a pre-prepared solution (without heating) from Starch added in concentrated milk water (4.5 kg Starch are dissolved in 5 l of concentrated milk water). The mixture thus obtained is stirred for 10 to 15 min (with heating switched off) and then with the Feed to the cooling system where the temperature for 10 to 15 min to 20-25 ° C, started. After that the suspension thus obtained is completed.

The invention is further explained using the following three tables:
- Table 1 shows the values for the yield from the field experiment,
- Table 2 shows the values for the protein content in the wheat and the protein yield in the field experiment,
- Table 3 shows the values for the absolute mass and the hectolitre weight of the seed samples of wheat which were obtained in the field experiment.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Claims (5)

1. Means for leaf nutrition of plants, which contains macro and micro elements and whose liquid phase is concentrated milk water, characterized in that it additionally contains 2 to 4% protein hydrolyzate (amino acids). 2. Process for the preparation of suspending agents for Leaf nutrition of plants, labeled, in that the mineral salts in a dispersion medium be resolved from a concentrated Fermented milk water and protein hydrolyzate solution exists, at a temperature of 60 to 85 ° C and then a microelement concentrate to the dispersion medium and a starch suspension is added, and the solution thus obtained is then sent to the cooling device, which is a lowering of the temperature of the stream up to 20-25 ° C for 2 to 15 min. secures, fed becomes.   3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the mineral components to the dispersion medium in the order: potassium nitrate, Ammonium phosphate, carbamide, ammonium nitrate, added will. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized that the concentrated solution of the Micro elements by dissolving in concentrated milk water at a temperature of 70-80 ° C of the salts: boric acid, Ammonium molybdate, zinc nitrate, manganese nitrate, Cobalt chloride, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, in the indicated Order that is produced. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the suspension of starch through Dissolve in the cold state of starch in concentrated Solution of milk water, in an amount that one 2.5 to 4% content in the agent according to the invention secures, is manufactured.