DE2425970A1 - Komplexe basischer zirkonium- und aluminiumsalze - Google Patents
Komplexe basischer zirkonium- und aluminiumsalzeInfo
- Publication number
- DE2425970A1 DE2425970A1 DE19742425970 DE2425970A DE2425970A1 DE 2425970 A1 DE2425970 A1 DE 2425970A1 DE 19742425970 DE19742425970 DE 19742425970 DE 2425970 A DE2425970 A DE 2425970A DE 2425970 A1 DE2425970 A1 DE 2425970A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- weight
- tanning
- solution
- leather
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 17
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 17
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 29
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XIFFNSGJZPAYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].OS(O)(=O)=O XIFFNSGJZPAYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DNXNYEBMOSARMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zirconium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zr] DNXNYEBMOSARMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940001447 lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxo- Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/04—Mineral tanning
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
Priority Applications (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742425970 DE2425970A1 (de) | 1974-05-30 | 1974-05-30 | Komplexe basischer zirkonium- und aluminiumsalze |
| AR258972A AR204952A1 (es) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-01-01 | Procedimiento para la obtencion de curtientes a base de complejos de sales de circonio y aluminio basicas |
| GB2006175A GB1470723A (en) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-13 | Complex basic zirconium and aluminum salts and their use as tanning agents |
| AU81207/75A AU492076B2 (en) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-15 | Complex basic zirconium salts and aluminum salts |
| FI751483A FI751483A (xx) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-21 | |
| IT49718/75A IT1035823B (it) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-22 | Sali di zirconio e alluminio basici complessi |
| DD186310A DD120470A5 (xx) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-28 | |
| AT408075A AT336164B (de) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von gerbstoffen auf der basis von komplexen basischer zirkon- und aluminiumsalze |
| BR4382/75D BR7503418A (pt) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-30 | Processo para obtencao de materias curtentes,a base de sais complexos,basicos,de zirconio e aluminio |
| ES438048A ES438048A1 (es) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-30 | Procedimiento para la obtencion de curtientes a base de com-plejos de sales de circonio y aluminio. |
| FR7516948A FR2275435A1 (fr) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-30 | Sels complexes basiques de zirconium et d'aluminium utiles comme matieres tannantes |
| JP50064417A JPS511601A (xx) | 1974-05-30 | 1975-05-30 | |
| US05/706,765 US4049379A (en) | 1974-05-30 | 1976-07-19 | Complex basic zirconium salts and aluminum salts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742425970 DE2425970A1 (de) | 1974-05-30 | 1974-05-30 | Komplexe basischer zirkonium- und aluminiumsalze |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2425970A1 true DE2425970A1 (de) | 1976-01-02 |
Family
ID=5916770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742425970 Pending DE2425970A1 (de) | 1974-05-30 | 1974-05-30 | Komplexe basischer zirkonium- und aluminiumsalze |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS511601A (xx) |
| AR (1) | AR204952A1 (xx) |
| AT (1) | AT336164B (xx) |
| BR (1) | BR7503418A (xx) |
| DD (1) | DD120470A5 (xx) |
| DE (1) | DE2425970A1 (xx) |
| ES (1) | ES438048A1 (xx) |
| FI (1) | FI751483A (xx) |
| FR (1) | FR2275435A1 (xx) |
| GB (1) | GB1470723A (xx) |
| IT (1) | IT1035823B (xx) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8414705D0 (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1984-07-11 | Wiggins Teape Group Ltd | Coating substrates |
| CN114350860A (zh) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 陕西科技大学 | 基于水滑石与硫酸锆的无铬鞣制工艺 |
-
1974
- 1974-05-30 DE DE19742425970 patent/DE2425970A1/de active Pending
-
1975
- 1975-01-01 AR AR258972A patent/AR204952A1/es active
- 1975-05-13 GB GB2006175A patent/GB1470723A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-21 FI FI751483A patent/FI751483A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-05-22 IT IT49718/75A patent/IT1035823B/it active
- 1975-05-28 DD DD186310A patent/DD120470A5/xx unknown
- 1975-05-28 AT AT408075A patent/AT336164B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-30 JP JP50064417A patent/JPS511601A/ja active Pending
- 1975-05-30 ES ES438048A patent/ES438048A1/es not_active Expired
- 1975-05-30 BR BR4382/75D patent/BR7503418A/pt unknown
- 1975-05-30 FR FR7516948A patent/FR2275435A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DD120470A5 (xx) | 1976-06-12 |
| FR2275435B1 (xx) | 1978-10-13 |
| FI751483A (xx) | 1975-12-01 |
| FR2275435A1 (fr) | 1976-01-16 |
| ATA408075A (de) | 1976-08-15 |
| AU8120775A (en) | 1976-11-18 |
| AR204952A1 (es) | 1976-03-19 |
| GB1470723A (en) | 1977-04-21 |
| BR7503418A (pt) | 1976-05-04 |
| ES438048A1 (es) | 1977-01-16 |
| JPS511601A (xx) | 1976-01-08 |
| AT336164B (de) | 1977-04-25 |
| IT1035823B (it) | 1979-10-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OHN | Withdrawal |