DE2400712A1 - SLING REACTOR - Google Patents

Description

Centrifugal reactor The invention relates generally to a Device for perfect mixing of liquids in a continuous Process and in particular a device for neutralizing industrial Waste products.

In the field of environmental protection there are various devices designed to purify and detoxify harmful industrial waste. Waste products in the form of pickling liquids which are used in the treatment of Metals are used during the production of the same and what large percentages Contained by acids, for example, must be treated in order to consume them Neutralize acids, so that the resulting drain in accordance with various pollution reduction regulations leak into the environment can. Effective neutralization puddle to neutralize used acids they require large areas of land and the neutralization process is time consuming0 Accordingly, various types of devices have been designed to facilitate the neutralization process to accelerate. Such a device is usually based on batch processing discontinued and used expensive agitators, pumps and equipment which Have moving parts that are subject to wear and tear and are replaced In addition, this expensive device must be cleaned frequently and periodically be replaced because of the highly corrosive conditions that occur. not only the cost of the device is unduly high, but it is also a large consumption of energy necessary, which are added to the costsO In addition, the production is on a Limited batch operation.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a improved reactor of relatively small size, which of simpler and is of strong construction which is low enough cost to keep it economically useful to make which compact and durable is in use, which requires only a minimum of energy, which is not movable Has parts and which is continuously in operation for a perfect response to effect at a high speed.

The reactor according to the invention is characterized by a small one compact shell having a lower conical part which leads into a discharge outlet flows out. An inlet is provided adjacent the upper end of the shell, which a flow of the waste material in a tangential direction into the jacket along the Inner surface of the same directs, whereby the waste material forms a film that extends lengthways the inner surface moves downwards in a spiral. A second waste material comes through the upper end of the jacket into a sprinkler, the lower end with openings which is the second waste material as a spray in general Directly at a right angle against the first waste material to get a perfect one To mix and react with the same at a high speed.

The invention therefore relates to a centrifugal reactor with a jacket, which has an inlet which allows a flow of the waste material in a tangential Direction into the jacket and forms a film that extends along the inner surface of the jacket is moved downwards in a spiral path. A second waste material is inserted through the top of the jacket into a sprinkler, which the second waste material as a spray at substantially a right angle against the spirally moving film directs to a perfect blend and neutralize the two waste materials.

The foregoing and other advantages and features of the invention result from the detailed description below of some embodiments thereof With reference to the drawings, like parts with like in the figures Reference numerals are denoted.

In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a side view of a centrifugal reactor according to the invention, FIG. 2, on a larger scale, a longitudinal section of the centrifugal reactor, FIG. 3 shows a cross section along the line 3 - 3 of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 shows a cross section according to the line 4 - 4 of FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an arrangement, which contains the centrifugal reactor according to the invention, Fig. 6 is a schematic View of another arrangement in which the centrifugal reactor according to the invention Is used, and FIG. 7 is a schematic view of yet another arrangement, which contains the centrifugal reactor according to the invention.

In Figures 1 and 2, an exemplary embodiment is one Centrifugal reactor shown, which is designed according to the invention and in general is denoted by 10. The same consists of a jacket 12, which is an upper Has end wall 14, from an upper cylindrical side wall portion 16 and from a lower conical side wall part 18, which at its upper end in the lower end of the cylindrical wall part 16 passes. The conical side wall part 18 has the Shape of a truncated cone, with a continuously decreasing inner Diameter tapers down to a point of minimum inner diameter, which delimits a discharge outlet 20. The lower end of the conical wall part 18 is provided with an annular flange 22 which, if desired, through (not shown) corresponding means on a storage container or a pipeline can be attached for the purpose of collecting or conveying the discharged product.

A line 24 is made of one piece with the jacket 12 or is attached to it in another way. The line 24 is in the tangential direction with the upper end of the cylindrical wall part 16 (Fig. 4) connected to a through the line 24 conveyed flow in a tangential direction along the inner surface of the cylindrical wall part 16 to direct 0 the inner end of the conduit 24 bounds an inlet 26 for the jacket 12. The other end of the conduit 24 is connected to a annular flange 28 provided, which by a (not shown) corresponding Coupling can be connected to a feed line 29.

A tube 30 extends downwardly through the upper end wall 14 and is welded to the same or otherwise fluid-tight to the same attached. The tube 30 is concentric with the cylindrical wall part 16 and inner end is below inlet 26. The other or outer end of the tube 30 is provided with an annular flange 32 which is attached to a support flange 34 is secured by means (not shown), such as bolts, the pass through aligned openings in flanges 32 and 34. A sprinkler 36 in the form of a hollow tube or conduit is rigid on the flange 34 attached and arranged concentrically within the tube 30. The sprinkler 36 extends down over the lower end of tube 30 and is contiguous at the lower end is provided with a plurality of openings 38 for jets of liquid to steer away from the sprinkler 36 in the radial direction. The number of openings 38 and the pattern in which they are arranged can be as desired to be changed. On the inner lower end of the sprinkler 36 is a cap 40 attached to close the same. As shown in Fig. 2, the upper end is of the sprinkler 36 is provided with a thread 42, around the same in a coupling 44 screw, which is connected to a supply line 46. A water supply pipe 48 can be inserted into the coupling 44 to reveal the interior of the shell 12 if desired to be able to rinse.

While the above device is used in any process can be, in which two liquid components in one stoichiometric ratio are to be mixed and at which perfect mixture and reaction are required, their operation will be described in more detail below with particular reference to the process of neutralizing a harmful Waste product, such as lRr pickling liquid, used in the treatment used by steel and contains a mixture of H2S04 and FeS04. In the schematic Representation of Figure 5 shows a container 50 which contains the pickling liquid, and a container 52 that stores an alkaline waste liquid containing about Contains 20% calcium oxide.

A line 54 with a conventional control valve 56 connects the container 50 with a measuring pump 58, which has an outlet which is connected to the line 46 connected is. This in turn is connected to the sprinkler 36 by means of the coupling 44 tied together. A line 60 with a conventional control valve 62 connects the container 52 with a measuring pump 64, which has an outlet which is connected to the line 24 leading line 29 is connected. The metering pumps 58 and 64 are conventional Type and are adjustable to take liquids at a given rate to apply a predetermined pressure.

In operation the calcium oxide slurry is having a flow high velocity through line 24 and inlet 26 in the tangential direction conveyed into the jacket 12 along the inner surface of the cylindrical wall part 16. The tube 30 delimits an annular chamber at the upper end of the jacket 12 and seeks to directing the flow of the slurry against and along the inner surface. These Flow of the slurry forms on the inner surface of the wall portion 16 moving film and is in a spiral, cyclone-like path along it Surface and the inner surface of the conical wall part 18 directed downwards, which facilitates the spiral movement of the slurry film. The pickling liquid flows via the container 50, the opened valve 56, the pump 58 and the line 46 into the sprinkler 36 and is through the openings 38 as a spray essentially at right angles to the spiral path of movement of the calcium oxide slurry directed into the jacket 12, w a shear force generated which the reactants intimate mixes together to make a neutral semi-solid mixture which is discharged through the lower outlet 20. The process is continuous, in that the reactants enter the jacket 12 at predetermined rates As shown in FIG. 5, the neutralized product can be stored in a storage container 66 can be discharged or the outlet 20 can be connected to a pipeline or a conveyor system can be connected to the end product if desired for later treatment to a remote location. In either arrangement, a probe 68 is in the way attached to the discharge flow and effective with a regulator 70 for the pH-ltZert connected, which scans the neutrality of the end product. The regulator 70 is also connected to the measuring pump 64 to the delivery rate of the same as a function of adjust the acidity or alkalinity of the discharged product, the can be scanned by the probe 68. Therefore, if the runoff is above allowable limits is also acidic, the controller 70 causes an increase in the delivery rate of the pump 64. The controller 70 can also be connected to the measuring pump 58 in order to control the delivery rate increase or decrease the same as required, in accordance with the acidity of the drainage.

A notable act of the invention is compactness and relatively small size of the reactor relative to the volume of the waste product, that can be processed by the same.

A typical reactor 10, for example, a jacket with a Total length of about 375 mm, a cylindrical wall part which is one largest dimension with a diameter of 100 mm and an inlet with a diameter of 25 mm can process several thousand liters of waste materials per hour. as an example can be a slurry containing 20% calcium oxide in a jacket 12 with the above dimensions enter at a speed of 226.8 1 / min, which is a slurry film with a thickness of 3.125 mm along the inner surface of the wall part 16 is generated. A pickling liquid that is the equivalent of 20 96 Contains free sulfuric acid can enter the jacket 12 at a rate of about 453.6 l / min are introduced and react with the calcium oxide slurry, to give a perfectly neutral semi-solid mixture such as calcium sulfate and Ferrous or ferric hydroxide, which are continuously discharged through the outlet 20. Such a mixture is harmless and can be used as a valuable soil filling or the same can be further processed and converted into a store intended for trade Product to be converted, such as building panels. The residence time of the Waste products from inlet to outlet in a jacket 12 having the above dimensions is about 0.25 seconds. While the above example is the small size of the device relative to the volume of waste materials processed, these dimensions are of course only given as examples and can vary according to the particular application, it has been found that at the neutralization of used acids by the centrifugal reactor according to the invention Slurries with up to 30% calcium oxide and acid concentrations up to 98% can be used. For example, a drain that contains 50,96 solids with a slurry containing 30% calcium oxide and a liquid containing contains the equivalent of 40 96 sulfuric acid, while a slurry, which contains 20 96 calcium oxide, and a liquid which contains 98% sulfuric acid, also results in an end product with 50% solids. The usual pickling liquid, which contains 4 to 7 5 '112504 and 12 to 1896 FeS04, produces a neutral one Cake that contains about 30 to 35 96 solids.

As already mentioned, the centrifugal reactor is according to the invention not limited to use to neutralize waste products, which Contain calcium oxide and sulfuric acid. For example, phosphoric acid solutions react with calcium oxide slurries to produce insoluble calcium phosphates, or the alkali can be sodium hydroxide and the product a solution of sodium phosphate be. Any appropriate alkali can be used if slurried with or can be dissolved in water. Any acidic liquid can also be used be used. Plating liquids containing chromium salts can also be used can be made insoluble by first taking the chromium from the hexavalent form into the trivalent fvrm converted and then with calcium oxide slurry is neutralized. Harmful liquids, such as pyridine solutions, Boron trifluoride compounds, phenol solutions and all fragrant amines and amides can with a minimum of smoke and in most cases without any Smoke can be neutralized. The centrifugal reactor according to the invention can be in any one Find method use in which two liquid components in one stoichiometric ratio are to be mixed and at which perfect mixture and response are required. During the centrifugal reactor according to the invention is preferably used for processing liquid reactants, can in gases can of course also be processed in the same way, as described below will.

6 schematically illustrates an arrangement for treating Waste materials that contain cyanide, such as waste cyanide, which accumulate in the process of plating various metals. Usually the cyanide content is destroyed in a batch operation. A normal plant processes around 18,900 liters of cyanide cladding waste and takes eleven hours to do so complete destruction of the cyanide content. During this operation, sodium cyanide is used reacted with sodium hydroxide and chlorine according to equation 2 NaCN + 8 NaOH + 5 Cl2 - 10 NaCl + 4 H20 + N2 + 2 CO2. While the amount of chlorine that necessary to respond according to the above equation is only 3.62 pounds per pound of sodium cyanide is found to be 10 pounds of chlorine for each pound Sodium cyanide were used. It is easy to see that this is common in batches Operation not only has limited capabilities, but also in is highly ineffective. It has been found that the centrifugal reactor 10 according to the invention can be effectively used in such an application, around the cyanide content at a relatively high operating speed in one To destroy arrangement, as shown in Fig0 6.

Fig0 6 shows a container 80 which contains the used cyanide solution, a container 82 holding an alkaline waste liquid contains, and a container 84 that stores liquid chlorine.

Lines 86 and 88, which are provided with measuring pumps 90 and 92, respectively, connect the containers 80 and 82 to a common line 94 leading to the line 24 of the centrifugal reactor 10 leads. The container 84 is through a line 98 with connected to an evaporator 96. A line 100 which is provided with a measuring pump 102 is, connects the evaporator 96 with the sprinkler 36 in the reactor 10, the measuring pumps 90, 92 and 102 are of conventional type and are adjustable to handle liquids with at a given rate under predetermined pressures.

The processed waste product is discharged into a storage container 104, which also contains a predetermined amount of water. A line 106 connects the top of the tank 104 with an absorption tower or sprinkler washer 108, which has a discharge outlet at the lower end, which with a conduit 110 which leads to the top of the tank 1040 a circulation pump 112 receives liquid from the reservoir through supply line 114 104 and leads the same under pressure a series of vertically spaced Lines 116, which lead to outlet nozzles arranged in the tower 108, which the Spray liquid down in tower 108. In the reservoir 104 is a probe 118 arranged and effectively connected to a controller 120 for the pH value, which the The neutrality of the end product. The controller 120 can also use the measuring pump 90 or the measuring pump 92 are connected to the respective delivery rates of the same adjust, depending on the acidity or alkalinity of the discharged Product, which is scanned by the probe 1180 In operation, the cyanide solution or waste in the container 80 analyzed for their cyanide content. If the Sodium hydroxide content in the alkali solution of the container 82 is known, the Quantities of alkali and chlorine consumption are determined and pumps 90, 92 and 104 accordingly can be set. The cyanide and alkali solutions are using as a flow high velocity through line 24 and inlet 26 in the tangential direction into the jacket 12 of the reactor along the inner surface of the cylindrical Wall part 16 introduced. This flow forms on the inner surface of the ! iJandteils 16 moving film and is in a spiral or helical shape Path along this surface and the inner surface of the conical wall part 18 downwards directed. The exiting from the container 84 chlorine is in the evaporator 96 in a Gas is converted and introduced into sprinkler 36 via line 100. The chlorine gas exits through the sprinkler ports 38 under pressure and expands to the Space in the jacket 12 to be completely filled, so that the entire surface of the thin Liquid film is exposed to the chlorine gas atmosphere to a substantially To effect complete reaction, the liquid waste product is released through the reactor outlet 20 discharged into the container 104. A very small percentage of free cyanide will react not in the reactor 10 and is discharged into the container 104. The liquid in the container However, 104 is via the line 114, the pump 112 and the lines 116 in the Tower 108 promoted and discharged through the spray nozzles arranged in the tower 108. Part of the free chlorine gas that has not reacted and into the top end of the container 104, flows simultaneously through the line 106 into the lower end of absorption tower 108. The remaining cyanide in tower 108 is caused to react with the excess chlorine gas to complete the reaction, and the resulting harmless liquid is from the bottom of the tower 108 discharged to the outside into the line 110 and optionally into the container 104. The liquid in the container 104 is kept in this way throughout the operation continuously put into circulation. When the container 104 is up to a predetermined If the level is filled, the operation through the reactor 10 and the circulation is finished the liquid through the tower 108 is for a predetermined period of time continued until all of the cyanide and essentially all of the chlorine are destroyed In one example, 3.78 liters of cyanide solution contain 45.3 g of sodium cyanide and 22.65 g free sodium hydroxide 0 The alkaline solution in container 82 contained about 30% Sodium hydroxide. In this example a larger reactor was used, the one cylindrical part with a length of 90 cm and a diameter of 30th cm, as well as a conical part with a length of 180 cm, which in a Outlet with a diameter of 50 mm opens, the measuring pump 90 was on the feed of 226.8 1 / min and the metering pump 92 was accordingly on the feed set at 21.9 rpm. The chlorine flow metering pump 102 was at about 9.74 rpm is set. The regulator 120 was set to a pH of 9. The circulation pump 112 had a fixed supply of 151.2 l / min and the reservoir 104 contained enough water to enable pump 112 to open the spray nozzles in the Keep tower 108 in operation at all times. Which extends along the inner surface of the reactor 10 moving liquid film had a thickness of about 2.125 mm and the residence time it was about 0.56 seconds.

Under the above conditions, the cyanide content became approximately 99 94 Destroyed in reactor 10, while the rest in absorption tower 108 is completely destroyed became. The total time for the delivery of 1 18,900 was less than 1.5 hours and the final processed product had only 2.265 liters of chlorine per minute, which is consistent with all known pollution reduction regulations safely into the environment may exit. It can therefore be seen that the centrifugal reactor according to the invention Can be used for the treatment of cyanide waste0 The sameR is far more efficient and can be operated at higher speeds than those currently available commonly used operations.

In Fig. 7 is yet another practical application of the centrifugal reactor shown schematically according to the invention. In the production of carbon tetrachloride by the chlorination of carbon disulfide in the solution of sulfur chloride there is an increase in the amount of sulfur chloride in the array and the accumulation of chloroform from a side reaction. Over time this needs to be in formation any excess waste material that has accumulated is removed and / or destroyed. Fig. Figure 7 illustrates an arrangement using the centrifugal reactor according to the invention contains, for destroying such waste materials. As shown in Fig. 7, is a container 120 provided, the corresponding contains alkaline solution, and a container 122 stores the waste liquid. Corresponding measuring pumps 124 and 126 are disposed in lines 128 and 130 which lead to lines 24 and 130, respectively. lead to sprinkler 36 of centrifugal reactor 10. The outlet of the reactor 10 leads into a reservoir 132, which contains a probe 134, which with a regulator 136 is effectively connected. This in turn is connected to the pump 124 to the same according to the acidity and / or alkalinity of the waste product set, received in the manner described above from the container 132 will. A conduit 138 connects the top of the container 132 to a condenser 140 to supply gases generated in the reactor 10 thereto. At the bottom of the capacitor 140 an outlet 142 is provided to the liquid product from the same in a Discharge container 144, which has a discharge line 146, which to a Storage space is stirring.

In an example of an operation, a typical refuse indulgence, which is about 80% sulfur chloride (S2C12), 18 56 chloroform (CHCl3) and 2 96 carbon disulphide (CS2) contained in the centrifugal reactor according to the invention using a Destroyed calcium oxide slurry containing approximately 10,96 calcium chloride (CaO). The chloroform and carbon disulphide were converted into gases in reactor 10 and later condensed into a liquid in the condenser 140. Just the sulfur chloride reacts with the calcium oxide according to the equation S2Cl2 + Ca (OH) 2 - CaC12 + 2 S + H20 + heat According to this equation e, 135 pounds of sulfur chloride react -with 56 pounds of calcium oxide or 74 pounds of calcium hydroxide. The waste liquid had a density of 13.3 pounds per gallon and each gallon of waste liquid needed for a proper reaction 5 gallons of the slurry which i 10 96 calcium oxide contained.

Before the operation, femagemäB the pump 124 was adjusted so that it fed the reactor 10 0 378 1 of the calcium oxide slurry per minute, and the pump 126 was set to feed the reactor 10 75.6 liters from the vessel 122 added. The controller 136 was adjusted to a pH of 7.5.

In operation the pumps 124, 126 were activated and Tviasser became circulated by capacitor 140 to begin operation. Because the strong heat generated in the reactor 10, for example 1100 C, became gaseous Generates chloroform, carbon disulphide and steam. These gases flowed through the Line 138 into condenser 140 and have been condensed to a liquid, which was discharged through the outlet 142 into the container 144. After the operation finished, container 132 contained a slurry of calcium chloride solution, Sulfur and a small amount of calcium hydroxide, without any noxious odor of carbon disulphide. It can therefore be seen that the reactor according to the invention effectively at a high operating speed for the treatment of harmful, toxic waste materials can be used, which include sulfur chloride, Contain chloroform and carbon disulphide, as well as use in applications can find which gases are generated. Those described above and in The arrangements shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are shown only by way of example.

The centrifugal reactor according to the invention can of course find use in a wide variety of applications and in other chemical processes be switched on.

From the above it can be seen that the objects of the invention have been perfectly resolved. As a result of the invention is a improved reactor for continuous mixing of two reactants with one high speed provided for complete and accurate neutralization or to effect reaction in a continuous process. The reactor is small and compact for ease of use, and can be attached to existing pipelines for the waste products to be easily attached. If desired, the reactor be made movable to drain the same into any desired depression in the ground to dissipate. Because of the low cost of the reactor, it is without substantial Can be used to increase operating costs. However, a plastic liner can be used if desired adhered to the inner wall surfaces of the reactor to increase the service life to extend the same. Since there are no moving ones inside the actual reactor Parts are located further savings in operating costs can be achieved will.

The only necessary energy expenditures are those for the measuring pumps, which are arranged outside the jacket of the reactor. The reactor is too essentially self-cleaning due to the continuous spiral flow of the liquid reactants through the same. If necessary, the reactor can can also be completely rinsed without any parts being removed or dismantled will.

Another advantage of the reactor according to the invention is that the heat generated by the reaction does not hinder the reaction, nor the Production is limited, in contrast to the batch operations where the heat generated can be sufficient to make the operation time consuming, or adequate cooling must be provided if a rapid response is required is to be carried out.

The invention is not limited to the examples shown and described Embodiments are limited, which can undergo various modifications without to leave the scope of the invention.

Patent claims:

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS 8 centrifugal reactor, characterized by a jacket, which has an upper part and a lower part which is in one part with reduced diameter ends, which delimits an outlet, the upper and lower parts have inner wall surfaces, by means comprising a Flow of a reactant under pressure in the tangential direction in the upper Part can occur, which causes the reactant to form a film that moves downward in a spiral path along the inner wall surfaces, and by a device which has a second reaction element in the radial direction under pressure into the jacket as a spray substantially at right angles against the moving film of the first reactant. 20 centrifugal reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the The first-mentioned device consists of a first line, which in tangential Direction is connected to the upper part, and that the latter device consists of a second line which is radially spaced within the jacket of the inner wall surfaces and which is a plurality of in the circumferential direction has spaced openings, which are arranged below the first line are4 3. centrifugal reactor according to claim 2, characterized by a closure part on the inner end of the second conduit below that in the circumferential direction im Spaced openings, 4o centrifugal reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that that the upper part is cylindrical and that the lower part of the cylindrical upper part extends downwards and has a truncated cone shape which extends tapers downwards towards the outlet. 5. centrifugal reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper part has an end wall that a hollow tube extends through the end wall between the inner wall surfaces in the jacket and that the second conduit extends in the radial Distance to the pipe. 6. centrifugal reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that the Tube has one end which protrudes axially outward from the end wall and is provided with connecting means attached to a support means can be. 7. centrifugal reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that the other end of the tube ends in an end part which is below the first conduit and above the circumferentially spaced openings of the second Line is arranged. 8. centrifugal reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that the second conduit is attached at the outer end to an annular flange which forms a closure for the pipe and on a connecting device of the pipe can be attached. 9. centrifugal reactor according to claim 1 in combination with an arrangement for neutralizing waste products, characterized by a supply of a first liquid reactant, by a device which is located between the supply of the first liquid reactant and the first-mentioned device for the Feeding the first liquid reactant under pressure with a predetermined one Speed is switched on by a feed of a second liquid Reaction substance and by a device which between the supply of the second liquid reactant and the latter device for the supply the second liquid reactant under pressure at a predetermined rate is switched on. 10. centrifugal reactor according to claim 9, characterized by a controller for the pH, which samples the neutrality of the effluent of the device and which is arranged in regular relationship with at least one of the feed devices is. 11. centrifugal reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the first reactant is a liquid waste product and the second reactant is a gas. 12. centrifugal reactor according to claim 11 in combination with an absorption vessel, characterized by means for discharging unreacted through the outlet Directs gases into the absorption container, and through a device which from the Outlet discharged liquids through the absorption vessel for the purpose of circulating Reaction with the gases to complete the reaction. 13. centrifugal reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that the circulation device consists of a reservoir which passes through the outlet Absorbs discharged liquids, with a line connecting the Storage tank and the absorption tank that a pump produces the liquids promotes through the line and that a line in the absorption vessel a plurality of outlet nozzles, which the liquids as a spray against the direct unreacted gases. 14. centrifugal reactor according to claim 1 in combination with a condenser, characterized by a device which is generated in the jacket and through the Outlet discharged gases to the condenser, in which the gases become a liquid are condensed, through a reservoir for receiving the through the outlet discharged liquids and through a container for receiving the from the condenser discharged liquids. 15. centrifugal reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the latter entity from a line within the Coat consists, which has a closed end and a plurality of inber circumferential direction spaced openings for the discharge of the second reaction substance.