DE2309858A1 - PROCEDURE AND TUNNEL SHIELD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A TUNNEL LINING - Google Patents

Description

^ I \ '.MV' · Feb. 27, 1973

506 Kij-i'ii .: be, ■ τ
Francs. ; r.er stick i - //

Kinnear Moodie (Concrete) Limited, London (England)

Process and tunnel construction for the construction of a tunnel lining

The invention relates to a method and tunnel shield for construction a tunnel lining.

The invention provides a tunnel liner for building a spiral tunnel liner, the liner being a cylindrical one Has shape and is provided with front and rear parts, which are rotatable against each other around the sole socket. The back part

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the shield has a rear end, which has a spiral shape, which extends from a shoulder which forms an end surface substantially around the sole, such that in use the Can attack the end of the shield on a partially erected spiral lining, such that the Erdreioh on the lining is supported, and that each additional segment in the shoe is placed on the heel and attached to the previously erected segment the base further means for rotating the rear part thereof with respect to the front part of the Sohildes has in the direction opposite to that in which the heel points, such that the Sohildes from the newly built segment is retractable, and wherein means for port moving the Sohildes along the tunnel simultaneously with the Rotation cbs rear part of the sole are provided.

The rear part of the shield is preferably designed around the sole to taper towards an edge of the heel.

The means for rotating the rear part of the shield with respect to the front part may comprise a drive mechanism, which sits on the front part of the shield and is drivingly engaged with the rear part of the shield.

In particular, the drive mechanism can have one or more

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propulsion motors located around the inside of the front portion of the sole, the or each motor has or have a drive pinion that meshes with a rack that wraps around the inside of the rear part of the shield extends.

The rack of this construction can be formed by a number of rigidly arranged bolts around the inside of the rear part of the shield are spaced apart, the pinion or pinions of the drive motor or each drive motor comb with these bolts.

In another construction, the means for rotating the rear part of the shield with respect to the front part of the Shield be formed by a working cylinder which is arranged in the rear part of the shield so that it is substantially works tangential to the shield such that it causes pressing against a previously built segment of the liner and thereby the shield is rotated.

In the above arrangements, the means for advancing of the bottom along the excavated tunnel be formed by a number of hydraulic cylinders around the inside of the front part of the shield are arranged in such a way that

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that they extend through the rear of the shield and act on the end of the partially erected lining, such that the shield is propelled forward.

In these arrangements, a son aid meohanism can also be used at the front Be provided at the end of the shield to excavate the tunnel, through which the shield is driven.

In the preferred embodiment the rear part of the shield is attached to the front part of the shield by a number of rollers mounted, which are mounted on the front part of the base for rotation about Aohsen, which extend parallel to the base axis and which engage a web provided around the inside of the inner portion of the shield.

The track came from two elements that are axially spaced are arranged along the sottlder, and each roll can have two im axially spaced surfaces have to each on the two Attack elements. An enlargement encloses the role between the surfaces, and this enlargement takes effect between the elements, so c83 the rear part of the shield is mounted for rotation and is held axially with respect to the front part of the sole.

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When the rear part of the shield has a rack which erstreokt around the inside of the shield, by ¹ to move into engagement with motor-driven pinions, such that the rear part of the shield is rotated, this rack may or this sprocket to engage be provided with the pinions between the spaced elements.

In these arrangements , an annular seal can be provided between the front and lower parts of the sole , on the outsides thereof, and means for injecting a liquid lubricant between the successive parts of the sole outside of the seal are provided to remove debris from the To wash away the area between the parts of the shield and to create lubricant for the outside of the shield.

A second annular seal can be provided between the first seal and the outside of the shoe, and this seal can be arranged to prevent migration of the shoe towards the first seal from the outside of the shoe while flowing of lubricant is made possible outwardly to the sole surface, where the means for injecting are arranged so that the Sobmiermittelfltissigkeit in the space between the seals

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- 6 is directed

Preferably, the means for supplying lubricant lead bentonite into the room between the front and rear of the Sohildea.

A method for building a tunnel lining is also in accordance with the invention provided in an excavated tunnel in which the device according to the invention is used. Be there Segments that form the tunnel lining in a continuous Spiral winding placed around the tunnel, the end of the partially built lining engages with the spiral edge of the rear part of the shield at the free end of the paragraph of the last segment laid at the end of the base, the next The segment to be built is placed in the shield and connected to the free end of the previously built segment, and the rear one Part of the Sohild is rotated while the Sohild is advanced so that the newly built segment is in engagement with the Area of the excavated tunnel reached.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings are:

Pig. 1 a picture of a tunnel dill and a partially

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- 7 wise turned liner;

Pig. Figure 2 is a plan view of the partially built liner;

Pig. Figure 3 is a side view of a segment of the liner;

Figure 4 is a diagram of the segment;

Figure 5 shows a detail of the attachment between two Segments;

6 shows a schematic side view of a variant of a tunnel shield;

FIG. 7 shows a view in the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 6; FIG.

8 shows a detail of part of the shield shown in FIG. 6 and FIG

FIG. 9 shows a further detail of part of that shown in FIG Shield.

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In Pig. 1 shows a turrel shield, which consists of a front Lot 10 consists of a conventional pinching mechanism (not shown) for the soil at the front end of the shield is provided, which is denoted by 11. The shield has a rear portion 12 that is attached to the shield for rotation with respect to the Sohild is mounted around the shield axis 13. The rear band 14 of the rear part 12 has a profile of a turn of a spiral, and the ends of the spiral are connected by a shoulder in profile 15. The spiral is equivalent to that of the spiral shape wrapped Tune! liner shown at 16. The inner diameter of the rear part gradually increases over a part 17 at the shoulder 16 in the direction of the shoulder 15, see above. that the rear part tapers to an edge at paragraph 15.

A number of hydraulic working cylinders (not shown) are mounted around the inside of the shield 10 substantially parallel to the axis 13 and act on the rear Part 14 on the end of the partially adjusted lining 16 to advance the shield 10, while the rear Part 10 is rotated, which will be described later. A turning of the rear part in relation to the shield is made by causes a hydraulic working cylinder 18, which is arranged on the inside of the part 14 of the rear part to to push against a previously erected segment to the extent.

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The tunnel lining consists of a spiral of separate Segments 20, one of which is detailed in Pig. 2 and 4 shown is · The segment is made of precast concrete or another suitable material, and can be inserted into the segment two axially spaced holes cast in, duroh the connecting rods 21 lead to connect successive segments together. A connection between two successive segments is shown in FIG. The holes through which the connecting rods 21 extend recessed as shown at 22 with the recesses at the ends of the segments. The ends of the connecting rods are provided with a thread and are connected to one another by a threaded anchor 23. The segment 20 on the left is with the associated connecting rod duroh a nut 24 and a washer 25 connected to the connecting rod, which is below against the recess are drawn to tension the segment 20 against the previously established segment. The reohta segment 20 is clamped firmly against the left segment 20 in a corresponding manner. The juxtaposed peripheral edges of the segments have in the usual way serving for locking tongues and Frames.

As can be seen from Figs. 3 and 4, the outer peripheral edge of each segment 20, when erected, temporarily

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the front edge of the tunnel lining forms a recess 26 in which the rear edge of the rear part 12 of the sole intervenes on. The outer durometer of the shield 10 is essentially the same as that of the flush lining 16. So there is no empty space around the lining that needs to be poured with cement, and the tunnel becomes permanent supported by the sole, the rear section or the lining.

What follows is a description of the construction of the Tune! Liner. It is assumed that the cutting mechanism at the front end of the shield has sufficient ground clearance at the point of advance of the tunnel has excavated to allow the shield 10 to advance. During the construction of the tunnel lining takes effect the rear edge of the rear part 13 in the recess 26 to the circumference of the front end of the partially erected training. clothes a. The free end of the last segment 20, which is to is erected, is in the rear part 12 above paragraph 15 before. A new segment 20 to be built is led to the free end of the last segment built and connected to it, as which has already been described in connection with FIG. The shield is made by the action of the hydraulic working cylinder is advanced against the front edge of the partially riohteten lining, and at the same time the rear part is in

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- 11 -

rotated the direction of arrow 27 to extend the rear part of the newly built segment until only the free end of the Newly built segment in the rear part is enough. The amount of advancement of the shield 10 and the rotation of the rear portion 12 are controlled ao that the rear edge of the rear part 12 is constantly in engagement with the recess 26 in the front End of the lining, remains.

In this method, the wall of the tunnel is constantly through the front part of the shield 10 or the rear part 12 or the Lining 16 supported. The soil around the tunnel is therefore constantly supported in order to prevent any movement of the soil. Furthermore, since the diameter of the shield and the rear portion is the same as that of the liner, no empty space is left back the lining through the shield, which must be poured out.

It goes without saying that the above device can be changed in many ways without departing from the concept of the invention is deviated. For example, the rear part with respect to the shield can be controlled by a rotary drive mechanism in FIG Rotation, which sits inside the shield. Such a mechanism is shown in Fig. 6 ibis 9, on the Is referred to.

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The tunnel shield is essentially the same as that above and like parts have the same reference numerals. The main difference lies in the arrangement of the Drive and bearing of the rear part 12 of the shield 10. The rear part of the shield is for rotation with respect to the front part of the shield is supported by rollers 30 protruding from the rear end of the front part of the shield are rotatably mounted on axes 31 which are fixedly arranged parallel to the base axis on annular webs 32, which extend around the inside of the front section. Several groups of roles are provided around the shield like the one in Pig. 7 can be seen. The rear part of the shield has two spaced apart annular track elements 33 'on which engage the rollers, and each roller 30 has in the center a protruding annular flange 34 which extends between the track elements engages so that the rear part 12 is prevented from axial movement with respect to the front part of the shield.

A number of fixed bolts 35 extend between the Track elements 33 »around a ring gear around the inside of the rear To form part of the shield with which a plurality of pinions 36 are in engagement, which are driven by hydraulic motors 37 which are arranged at the front part of the shield as shown in FIG. The pinions 36 and the motors

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sit between the groups of rollers 30, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, 30 hydraulic rollers sit between the groups Working cylinders 38 which extend axially along the inside of the front part of the shield 10 and each one Have push rod 39 which extend from the front part of the shield through the rear part of the shield to hintai. On the respective push rod there is a pressure piece 40 at the rear end for engaging the front end of the newly erected one Tunnel liner to move the tunnel shield forward while rotating the rear of the shield 12 takes place.

In Fig. 8 the connection between the front and the rear part of the sole is shown in detail. According to the illustration, a ring 41 is provided around the inside of the rear end of the sole part 10, which is arranged at a close distance from the track element 33 on the rear part of the sole. The ring carries two annular lip diaphragms 42, 43, the lips of which engage the adjacent side of the track element 33 in order to prevent the penetration of material between the two sole parts. Ea several channels 44 are provided through the ring 41, which lead into the space between the two seals, in order to transfer liquid betonite in daa. Press in space. The outer seal 43 allows the betonite to escape through the gap

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between the ski sections to get to the outside of the shield and this will remove any debris between the parts of the Sohildes, and the betonite will be as Lubricant for the outside of the sign. The inner seal 42 prevents betonite from escaping inward between the shield sections.

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Claims (1)

- 15 claims ./Method of building a tunnel lining in an excavated Tunnel, characterized that segments making up the tunnel lining in a continuous spiral wrap around the tunnel with the end of the partially erected liner the spiral edge of the rear of the Shield brings into engagement with the free end of the last segment to be built, which is on a paragraph sits at the end of the shield, and that the next segment to be built sits in the shield and on the free one. end of the previously established segment is attached and that the rear part of the shield with the advancement of the Shield is rotated so that the newly constructed segment in an attack on the surface of the excavated tunnel got. 2. Tunnel shield for building a spiral tunnel lining, wherein the shield has a cylindrical shape, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shield (10) has a rear part (12) which is provided for rotation about the blade axis (13) and which has a rear end (H), which has a spiral shape that extends 309836/0975 - 16 - between a shoulder (15) extends which substantially is presented around the shield, such that in use the end of the shield engages a partially riohteten spiral lining can be brought and thereby the soil can be supported on the lining with each additional segment for location in the shield on the heel and for attachment to the previous one erected segment is provided, wherein the shield means (18, 36, 37) for rotating the rear part (12) of the shield in a direction opposite to that in which the paragraph (15) shows, such that that the shield is retractable from the newly built segment, and means (38 »39» 40) for moving the Shield (10) along the tunnel simultaneously with the rotation of the rear one. Part (12) of the shield are provided. 3 · Tunnel shield according to claim 2, characterized that the rear part of the shield around the shield to an edge of the heel (15) runs in. 4. Tunnel shield according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the means for rotating the rear. Part (12) of the shield has a drive mechanism (36, 37), which is located on the front part of the shield 309836/0975 - 17 - des is arranged and driving on the rear part (12) of the Attacking shields. 5. tunnel shield according to claim 4, characterized that the drive mechanism has one or more drive motors. (37), which around the inside of the front. Part of the shield spaced around Bind and each a drive pinion (36) that meshes with a ring gear (35) which calibrates around the inside of the rear part (12) of the shield extends. 6. tunnel shield according to claim 5, characterized in that the ring gear is formed by a number of rigidly arranged bolts (35) which are spaced around the inside of the rear part (12) of the shield and with which the pinion in question (36 ) of the drive motor (37) in question. 7. tunnel shield according to claim 4, characterized that the means for rotating the rear part (12) of the shield by a working cylinder (18) are formed, which is arranged in the rear part (12) of the shield eo that it is essentially tangential to the shield against a previously erected segment of the 309836/0975 - 18 - Liner pushes and thereby rotates the shield. 8. tunnel shield according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized marked that the Means for advancing the shield in the longitudinal direction of the excavated. Tunnels through several hydraulic working cylinders (38) are formed around the inside of the Shield (10) arranged around and extending through the rear part (12) of the shield, such that they act on the end of the partially erected liner to advance the shield. 9 Tujmelsohild n.aoh one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that a cutting mechaniemus at the front end of the shield to lift the Tunnel is provided through which the shield is driven. 10. Tunnel shield according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the rear Part of the shield is mounted on the front part of the shield by several rollers (30) that rotate about axes are arranged parallel to the shield axis on the shield and on a track. (33) attack, including the inside of the provided around the rear of the shield Ti. Tunnel shield according to claim 10 »thereby g e - 309836/0975 - 19 - indicates that the path consists of two elements (33) consists in the axial. Spaced along the shield, each roller (30) two in the axial Spaced surfaces to grip the two. Has elements and a magnification the role between surrounds the areas between, the. Elements (33) so attacks that the rear part (12) of the shield to Rotation mounted and axially with respect to the. front part of the shield is held in the intended position. 2. tunnel shield according to claim 11, characterized in that that with a ring gear on the rear part (12) of the shield, which is around the inside of the shield and for engagement with motorized pinions (36) for rotating the rear of the Shield is provided, the ring gear (35) with which the drive pinion (36) mesh between the spaced apart Elements is arranged. 13. Tunnel shield according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that an annular Seal (43) between the shield (10) and the rear part (12). the outside of which is provided and that means (44) for injecting a liquid lubricant between the adjacent parts of the shield - 20 309836/0975 provided outside the seal are such that Debris from the area between the pieces of the shield flushed out and a lubricant created for the outside of the shield. 14. Tunnel shield according to claim I3, characterized that a second annular seal (43) between the first seal (42) and the outside of the shield (10) is provided, which is arranged so that it is a. Hiking from. Rubble in the direction on the first seal (42) from the outside of the shield while preventing lubricant from flowing outwardly toward the shield face, and that the means (44) for injecting are arranged so that they put the liquid lubricant in the space between the. Seals, conduct. 15 · Tunnel shield according to claim 13 or 14, characterized characterized in that the means (44) Beton.it in. The. Introduce space between the shield (10) and the rear part (12). 309836/0975