DE2022823A1

DE2022823A1 - Humidity controlled regulator

Info

Publication number: DE2022823A1
Application number: DE19702022823
Authority: DE
Inventors: Rudolf Foerste; Bischoff Hans Gerhard
Original assignee: BISCHOFF HANS GERHARD
Current assignee: BISCHOFF HANS GERHARD
Priority date: 1970-05-11
Filing date: 1970-05-11
Publication date: 1971-12-02

Description

Feuchtigkeitsgesteuerter Regler 1> Die verliegende Erfindung betrifft Verfahren , Anordnungen und zu-@@@@@@@@@ Vorrichtungen, die steuern und @@@@@@@@@@ . Aggreg@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@ 1 I.t4 abhangig schalten steuern und in gewissem Rahmen regeln können. Humidity Controlled Controller 1> The present invention relates to Procedures, arrangements and to - @@@@@@@@@ devices that control and @@@@@@@@@@ . Aggreg @@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@ 1 I.t4 control dependent switching and to a certain extent can regulate.

Weiter hietet die Erfidung Möglichkeiten, die Fourhtigkeit und den Taupunkt in Gasen zu messen und Geräte entsprechend zu steuern bzw. su rege in.Furthermore, the invention has possibilities, the Fourhtigkeit and the To measure dew point in gases and to control devices accordingly or to activate them.

Es sind zur Feuchtigkeitsmessung in Gasen Geräte wie verschiedene Psychrometer und Haarhygrometer bekannt, außerdem auch das elektriyce Aleßverfahren mit Hilfe von Lithiumchlorid. Das vorliegende Verfahren hat im wesentlichen den Vorteil, daß es - auf der Basis des Kondensationshygrometers arbeitend - den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des Gases durch die Messung kaum beeinflußt, wenig Bewegung des Gasstromes benötigt und die Entropie des Gases praktisch nicht bebeeinflußt Einige Ausführungsformen der Erfindung beziehen sich vorzugsweise auf die Anwendung im Kraftfahrzeugwesen und dessen besondere Belange.There are devices such as various for measuring moisture in gases Psychrometer and hair hygrometer known, as well as the elektriyce eating method with the help of lithium chloride. The present process essentially has the The advantage is that - working on the basis of the condensation hygrometer - the moisture content of the gas hardly influenced by the measurement, little movement of the gas flow required and the entropy of the gas is practically unaffected. Some embodiments of the invention preferably relate to automotive applications and its special concerns.

Nässe und Niederschlag gehören zu den wichtigsten Faktoren, die die Sicherheit im Straßenverkehr beeinträchtigen können. Dies gilt ganz besonders für die Verschlechterung der Sichtverhältnisse durch Regen und Spritzwasser sowie durch beschlagene und vereiste Fensterscheiben.Wetness and precipitation are among the most important factors affecting the Can affect road safety. This is especially true for the deterioration in visibility from rain and splash water as well as from fogged and iced window panes.

Die bekannten Gegenmaßnahmen umfassen Scheibenwischanlagen mit einstellbarer Wischgeschwindigkeit und solche, die z.B. bei schwachem Stegen intermittierenden Betrieb mit festen Intervallen ermöglichen; außerdem sindVentilatoren, Heizgebläse und beheizte Fensterscheiben bekannt. Alle diese Aggregate werden bislang vom Fahrer betätigt und zwar erfahrungsgemäß oft erheblich zu spät, d.h., wenn die Sicht bereits stark beeinträchtigt ist. Viele dieser handgriffe sollen dem Fahrer zugunsten der Sicherheit durch die vorliegende Erfindung abgenommen werden.The known countermeasures include windshield wiper systems with adjustable Wiping speed and those that intermittently, for example, with weak webs Enable operation at fixed intervals; there are also fans, fan heaters and heated window panes are known. So far, all of these units have been driven by the driver actuated, and experience has shown that it is often much too late, i.e. when the view is already is severely impaired. Many of these manipulations are intended to favor the driver Security can be decreased by the present invention.

Dies geschieht dadurch, daß die entsprechenden Aggregate durch geeignete Vorrichtungen selbsttätig ein- und wieder ausgeschaltet werden, sobald dies erforderlich wird. In dieser llichtung ist eine Anordnung bekannt, bei der zwei kammartig ineinandergreirende, isolierte Elektroden innerhalb des Wischerbereichs untergebracht sind. Sobald das elektrische Element naß ist, wird der Scheibenwischermotor in Gang gesetzt und erst wieder abgeschaltet, wenn das elektrische Element trockengewischt ist, wobei ein Überbriikkungskontakt im Laststromkreis ggf. den Rücklauf in die Ruhestellung ermöglicht.This is done by adding suitable units to the corresponding units Devices are automatically switched on and off again as soon as this is necessary will. In this illustration an arrangement is known in which two comb-like interlocking, insulated electrodes are housed within the wiper area. As soon as that electrical element is wet, the wiper motor is started and only switched off again when the electrical element is wiped dry, with a Bridging contact in the load circuit enables the return to the rest position if necessary.

Der entscheidende Nachteil dieser Lösung ist die erhöhte, unvermeidbare Abnutzung der Scheibenwischer und die dadurch verschlechterte Sicht, ein Nachteil, der den erzielten Vorteil in Bezug auf die Sicherheit im Straßenverkehr wieder erheblieh beeinträchtigt.The main disadvantage of this solution is the increased, inevitable Wear of the windshield wipers and the resulting deteriorated visibility, a disadvantage, which again raised the achieved advantage in terms of road safety impaired.

Außerdem arbeiten die Scheibenwischer bei dem bekannten Verfahren lediglich mit einer einzigen Geschwindigkeit.In addition, the windshield wipers work with the known method only at a single speed.

Abhängig von der auffallenden Regenmenge erlaubt ein weiterer Teil der vorliegenden Erfindung eine stetige Anpassung der Ärbeitsintervalle bei intermittierendem Betrieb der Scheibenwischer in einer Grundgeschwindigkeit. Bei stärkerem Regen stellt sich automatisch eine kontinuierliche Tätigkeit der Wischer ein. Dabei steuert die Regenmenge pro Zeiteinheit an der Meßstelle die Geschwindigkeit der Scheibenwischer derart, daß sich immer optimale Sichtverhältnisse ergeben bzw. die Störung durch die Wischerbewegung möglichst gering ist.Depending on the amount of rain falling, another part allows according to the present invention, a continuous adaptation of the work intervals in the case of intermittent Operation of the windshield wipers at a basic speed. Provides in heavy rain the wipers automatically start to work continuously. The The amount of rain per unit of time at the measuring point is the speed of the windshield wipers in such a way that there are always optimal visibility conditions or the disturbance by the wiper movement is as small as possible.

Zunächst betrifft die Erfindung an sich bekannte, vorzugsweise elektrisch arbeitende Schaltvorrichtungen, die von einem auf Feuchtigkeit bzw. Nässe ansprechenden Meßfühler gesteuert werden. So kommen z.B. elektronische Vorrichtungen mit einem labilen oder auch zwei stabilen Schaltzuständen wie Monovibratoren und Schmitt-Trigger kombiniert mit Transistoren als Leistungsschaltern oder Schaltrelais in Betracht, aber auch entsprechend geeignete Relais alleine oder andere elektrische Schalter bzw. Unterbrecher. Erfindungsgemäß müsden sie dem speziellen Verhalten des Sensors angepaßt sein, weitgehend temperaturunabhängig, stoß- und erschütterungsunempfindlich sein und sicheres Ansprechen gewährleisten. Außerdem sollen die Schaltschwellen weitgehend einstellbar sein.First of all, the invention relates to known, preferably electrical ones working switching devices, which are responsive to moisture or wetness Sensors are controlled. For example, electronic devices come with a unstable or two stable switching states such as monovibrators and Schmitt triggers combined with transistors as circuit breakers or switching relays into consideration, but also correspondingly suitable relays alone or other electrical switches or breaker. According to the invention, they would have to match the special behavior of the sensor be adapted, largely independent of temperature, insensitive to shock and vibration be and ensure safe response. In addition, the switching thresholds should largely be adjustable.

Als Feuchtigkeitssensoren kommen vorzugsweise solche Vorrichtungen in Betracht, die im wesentlichen auf Niederschlag und Kondenswasser ansprechen. Sie müssen dabei ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften entsprechend dem sie beeinflussenden Niederschlag quantitativ ändern können. Besonders geeignet sind solche Sensoren, die auf Benetzung durch wässrige Lösungen oder ähnlich leitende Flüssigkeiten - als Film oder als Tropfen - ansprechen, indem sie ihren elektrischen Widerstand in reproduzierbarer Abhängigkeit von der sie benetzenden Flüssigkeitsmenge ändern. Erfindungsgemäß wird dies beispielsweise erreicht durch elektrisch leitende Bahnen, die durch assertröpfchen derart überbrückt werden können, daß ein elektrischer Meßstrom fließt. Wirken diese elektrisch leitenden Tröpfchen wie parallel geschaltete Widerstände, so nimmt z.B. bei hohem Trockenwiderstand des Sensors der resultierendeGesamtwiderstand mit zunehmender Zahl der Flüssigkeitstropfen ab. In Fig. 1 sind Ausführungsbeispiele [1, 2, 3,4] entsprechend arbeitender Sensoren dargestellt.Such devices are preferably used as moisture sensors into consideration, which essentially respond to precipitation and condensation. In doing so, they have to adjust their physical properties according to the one influencing them Quantitatively change precipitation. Such sensors are particularly suitable which on wetting by aqueous solutions or similar conductive liquids - as a film or as a drop - respond by increasing their electrical resistance change in a reproducible manner depending on the amount of liquid wetting them. According to the invention, this is achieved, for example, by electrically conductive tracks, which can be bridged by water droplets in such a way that an electrical measuring current flows. Do these electrically conductive droplets act like resistors connected in parallel, for example, if the sensor has a high dry resistance, the resulting total resistance increases with an increasing number of drops of liquid. In Fig. 1 are exemplary embodiments [1, 2, 3,4] correspondingly working sensors are shown.

Es kommen auch andere Formen, wie zwei getrennte, zu einer Doppelspirale gewundene Leiterbahnen in Betracht. Die Leiter können auf einem Trager geeigneter Benetzbarkeit und hinreichend hohen Trockenwiderstandes aufgebracht sein, z.B, auf durchscheinender oder durchsichtiger Kunststoffolie. Vorzugsweise wird der Feuchtigkeitssensor direkt auf einer Windschutzscheibe des Fahrzeugs befestigt. Erfindungsgemäß sollte daher die Trägerfolie durchsichtig und gegebenenfalls auch einseitig selbstklebend sein. Ferner ist es möglich, die Leiterbahnen direkt auf einer Windschutzscheibe zu befestigen.There are also other forms, such as two separate ones, to form a double spiral winding conductor tracks into consideration. The ladder can be more suitable on a carrier Wettability and sufficiently high dry resistance be applied, e.g. on translucent or clear plastic film. Preferably the moisture sensor attached directly to a vehicle windshield. According to the invention should therefore the carrier film is transparent and optionally also self-adhesive on one side be. It is also possible to place the conductor tracks directly on a windshield to fix.

Durch die spezielle Gestaltung der Sensoren betreffend die geometrische Form, äußere Abmessungen, Benetzbarkeit, aber auch Ausbildung und Abstand der Leiterbahnen lassen sich statistische Signifikanz, Meßgenauigkeit und Umfang des Arbeitsbereichs weitgehend beeinflussen.Due to the special design of the sensors regarding the geometric Shape, external dimensions, wettability, but also the design and spacing of the conductor tracks statistical significance, measurement accuracy and scope of the working area largely influence.

Für genaue Feuchtigkeitsmessungen, wie sie z.B. in Klimaanlagen manchmal erforderlich sind, kann der Feuchtigkeitssensor erfindungsgemäß auch mit Wechselstrom betrieben werden, um eine Polarisation (resp. Elektrolyse) der benetzenden Flüssigkeit zu vermeiden.For precise humidity measurements, such as sometimes used in air conditioning systems are required, the moisture sensor according to the invention can also use alternating current operated to polarize (or electrolysis) the wetting liquid to avoid.

Der Störeinfluß der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Elektrolytwiderstandes wird, sofern erforderlich, z.B. durch temperaturabhängige Widerstände eliminiert. Bei Feuchtigkeitsmessung in Gasen ist das Kondensator-Meßprinzip besonders günstig, da der Elektro -lytwiderstand und damit die Temperatur nicht in den Meßwert eingehen. Das zu messende Gut, z.B. feuchtes Gas, wird durch Kondensatorpiatten geleitet, wo sich unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen beidseitig ein Kondensniederschlag bildet. Durch diese DiAektrikumsänderung variieren der Verlustfaktor sowie die Kapazität des Meßwertaufnehmers. Durch Messung des komplexen Widerstandes des Kondensators 8, beispielswrise, wie Fig.2 zeigt, durch den Spannungsabfall am ohmschen Widerstand[7'der in Reihe mit dem Kondensatorr8jin einem Wechselstromkreis [5]- mit konstanter Klemmenspannung liegt, läßt sich eventuell unter Verwendung eines Gleichrichters [6] ein genaues Meßsignal als Maß für die Benetzung der Kondensalorplatten und damit indirekt als Maß für die Gasfeuchtigkeit gewinnen.The interference of the temperature dependence of the electrolyte resistance is eliminated, if necessary, e.g. by temperature-dependent resistors. When measuring moisture in gases, the capacitor measuring principle is particularly useful, because the electro-lyte resistance and thus the temperature are not included in the measured value. The material to be measured, e.g. moist gas, is passed through capacitor plates, where, under certain conditions, condensation forms on both sides. Due to this change in the dielectric, the loss factor as well as the capacitance vary of the transducer. By measuring the complex resistance of the capacitor 8, for example, as FIG. 2 shows, due to the voltage drop across the ohmic resistor [7'der in series with the capacitor r8jin an alternating current circuit [5] - with constant Terminal voltage, can possibly be using a rectifier [6] an exact measurement signal as a measure of the wetting of the condenser plates and thus gain indirectly as a measure of the gas humidity.

Da beide Meßwertaufnehmertypen im Falle stetiger Benetzungszunahme nur über einen begrenzten Meßbereich verfügen, werden sie erfindungsgemäß durch geeignete Vorrichtungen nach einer gewissen Zeit von der Meßgröße (Flüssigkeit, Eis, Beschlag) vollständig oder teilweise befreit. Dies wird z.B. erzielt durch mechanische Reinigung,mittels eines Gebläses, oder durch Beheizung eines zu Meßzwecken gekühlten Meßwertaufnehmers.Since both types of transducers in the case of a steady increase in wetting have only a limited measuring range, they are according to the invention by suitable devices after a certain time depending on the measurand (liquid, Ice, condensation) completely or partially freed. This is achieved e.g. by mechanical cleaning, by means of a fan, or by heating one for measuring purposes cooled transducer.

Erfindungsgemäß werden zum Kühlen und zum Beheizen des Meßwertaufnehmers vorzugsweise Peltierelemente [9] verwendet. Geeignet ausgebildete Wärmetauscherflächen [10;11] können gleichzeitig als Menkondensatorplatsen dienen, die insbesondere bei gerader Anzahl der Peltierelemente einander derart zugeordnet sind, daß immer eine Kondensatoreinheit beheizt oder gekühlt wird.[Fig und Fig.4]. Als Maß für den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des zu überwachen den Gases kann einmal neben der Temperatur die mittlere Stromaufnahme dienen, die zum Aufrechterhalten eines bestimmten Benetzungsgrades des Meßwertaufnehmers erforderlich ist, oder die Zeit, bis zu der die Benetzung ein beutinnites Maß erreicht hat. Erfilllullgsgemäß wird durch,vorzugsweise selbsttätige,Stromumkehr für das Peltierelement die bislang gekühlte Meßeinheit nunmehr über eine bestimmte Zeit elektrisch beheizt. Sind mit den Peltierelementen gemäß Fig.3 und Fig<t mehrere Meßeinheiten verbunden, so dient der zuvor beheizte Meßwertaufnehmer nach Stromumkehr für die nächste Meßperiode als Kondensationshygrometer.According to the invention for cooling and heating the transducer preferably Peltier elements [9] are used. Suitably designed heat exchanger surfaces [10; 11] can also serve as Menkondensatorplatsen, in particular with an even number of Peltier elements are assigned to one another in such a way that always a condenser unit is heated or cooled. [Fig and Fig.4]. as Measure for the moisture content of the gas to be monitored can once in addition to the The mean power consumption are used to maintain a certain temperature Degree of wetting of the transducer is required, or the time to which the wetting has reached a beutinnite level. According to, preferably automatic, current reversal for that Peltier element the previously cooled one The measuring unit is now electrically heated for a certain period of time. Are with the Peltier elements According to FIG. 3 and FIG. t several measuring units are connected, the previously heated one is used Sensor after current reversal for the next measuring period as a condensation hygrometer.

Die mechanische Reinigung der oben beschriebenen Meßwertaufnehmer kann einmal in bekannter Weise durch die Scheibenwischer erfolgen oder erfindungsgemäß durch piezoelektrische Wandler[13],in Fig.5, die zudie durch e i n en Eis c h einen Hochfrequenzgenerator vorzugsweise kurzwerden zeitig betrieben0, ggf. mit den Erfordernissen entsprechend gesteuerter Leistung. Die Verbindung eines Feuchtigkeits- insbesondere Regensensors mit einem piezoelektrischen Wandler ist besonders geeignet für die Reglung des Scheibenswischerbetriebs von Kraftfahrzeugen, da durch den Ultraschall auch jegliche Verschmutzung des Sensors, die das Meßverfahren beeinträchtigen könnte, beseitigt wird.The mechanical cleaning of the transducers described above can be done once in a known manner by the windshield wipers or according to the invention by piezoelectric transducers [13], in FIG. 5, which are connected to one another A high-frequency generator should preferably be operated briefly0, possibly with the requirements of appropriately controlled performance. The connection of a moisture in particular rain sensor with a piezoelectric transducer is particularly suitable for the regulation of the windshield wiper operation of motor vehicles, since by the ultrasound also any soiling of the sensor that could impair the measuring process, is eliminated.

Der Zeitpunkt, bei dem der Reinigungsvorgang einsetzen soll, kann erfindungsgemäß bestimmt sein entweder durch einen definierten Widerstandswert des Feuchtigkeitssensors, durch einen fest vorgegebenen Zeittakt oder das Verhalten eines vorzugsweise vom Sensor gesteuerten Aggregates. So kann z.B der Reinigungstakt eines auf Regen ansprechenden Sensors erfindungsgemäß durch den Scheibenwischertakt gegeben sein.The time at which the cleaning process should start can be determined according to the invention either by a defined resistance value of the Humidity sensor, by a fixed time cycle or the behavior an aggregate preferably controlled by the sensor. For example, the cleaning cycle a rain-responsive sensor according to the invention by the windshield wiper cycle be given.

Zum Ein- und Ausschalten sowie zum Steuern und Regeln von feuchtigkeitsabhängig arbeitenden Geräten werden die Signale der Meßwertaufnehmer in geeignete elektrische Größen wie Strom-, Spannung-oder Frequenzsignale umgeformt und-falls erforderlich- verstärkt, bevor sie den entsprechenden Einrichtungen zugeführt werden.For switching on and off as well as for controlling and regulating depending on the humidity working devices, the signals from the transducers are converted into suitable electrical Quantities such as current, voltage or frequency signals are converted and - if necessary - amplified before they are fed to the appropriate facilities.

Fig. 6 zeigt als Beispiel die Verbindung eines seinen elektrisehen Widerstand benetzungsabhängig ändernden Sensors Rr mit einer ein Relais A steuernden Schaltvorrichtung, die durch unterbrochene Linienführung umrahmt hervorgehoben ist. Bei Erreichen eines bestimmten, durch llr und den einstellbaren Widerstand 113 festgelegten potentials kippt der Schmitt-Trigger[R4, T2, T3] in die labile Lage. Das Relais A schließt solange einen Kontakt innerhalb eines externen Stromkreises, [lrtg. Fig.7]bis der Widerstand Rr soweit angestiegen ist, daß der Schmitt-Trigger in die stabile Ausgangslage zurückfällt und das Ralais A wieder unerregt ist. Die Diode D1 hat lediglich Schutzfunktion. Zur Vergrößerung der Betriebssicherheit der Vorrichtung durch entsprechende Dimensionierung der Scha ltvorrichtung kann die obere und untere Schaltschwelle den Funktionserfordernissen gemän vorgegeben werden. Eine solche Schaltung erlaubt beispielsweise das selbsttätige Einschalten von Ventilatoren, Windschutzscheibenheizgebläse, Heizung, Scheibenwischer oder anderen Aggregaten -sobald flr einen unteren Feuchtigkeits-Grenzwert innerhalb des zu iiterwachenden Bereichs anzeigt. Die Geräte werden wieder abgeschaltet, wenn ein entsprechender oberer Grenzwert erreicht ist.Fig. 6 shows, as an example, the connection of one of its electrical units Resistance-dependent changing sensor Rr with a relay A controlling Switching device, which is highlighted by framed broken lines. When a certain value is reached by means of llr and the adjustable resistance 113 set The Schmitt trigger [R4, T2, T3] tilts into the unstable position. That Relay A closes a contact within an external circuit as long as [lrtg. 7] until the resistance Rr has risen so far that the Schmitt trigger falls back into the stable starting position and relay A is again unexcited. the Diode D1 only has a protective function. To increase the operational safety of the Device by appropriate dimensioning of the switching device can upper and lower switching thresholds can be specified according to the functional requirements. Such a circuit allows, for example, the automatic switching on of fans, Windshield heater fan, heater, windshield wiper or other aggregate -as soon as a lower humidity limit is within the limit to be monitored Area. The devices are switched off again if a corresponding upper limit is reached.

Zur Steuerung des Scheibenwischermotors wird der Feuchtigkeits sensor Rr, wie in Fig.5 angedeutet, an einem für die Windschutzscheibe repräsentativen Ort befestigt. Die kurzzeitige Reinigung des Sensors Rr kann z.B. über einen Kontakt c erfolgen, der den Stromkreis des piezoelektrischen Elements [13] oder des hochfrequenzgenerators nur dann schließt, wenn der Scheibenwiseher[12] in dem Umkehrpunkt U angelangt ist.The moisture sensor is used to control the windscreen wiper motor Rr, as indicated in Figure 5, on a representative of the windshield Attached place. The brief cleaning of the sensor Rr can be done e.g. via a contact c made of the circuit of the piezoelectric element [13] or of the high-frequency generator only closes when the windshield wiper [12] has reached the reversal point U.

Eine andere Möglichkeit, die Reinigung von Rr abhängig vom Wischertakt zu betreiben, ist ebenfalls in Fig. 5 dargestellt. Anstelle von Kontakt c kann ein Kontakt b2, der nur in der Ruhestellung der Wischer geöffnet ist, bei seinem Schließen den Fiequenzgenerator [14] über eine geeignete Schaltung kurzzeitig in Betrieb setzen. Ein Beispiel zeigt die Anordnung eines Schalttransistors T1 im Versorgungsstromkreis des Fmquenzgenerators [14], wobei der Kontakt b2 in Reihe mit dem RC-Glied [Rl, C1] im Kollektor-Basis-Kreis des~ Transistors liegt. Der Widerstand R2 dient zur Einstellung des Arbeitspunktes von T1. Durch das Schließen von b2 schaltet T1 solange auf Durchlaß, bis C1 aufgeladen ist.Another possibility, the cleaning of Rr depending on the wiper cycle to operate is also shown in FIG. Instead of contact c, a Contact b2, which is only open in the rest position of the wiper, when it closes briefly in the frequency generator [14] via a suitable circuit Put into operation. An example shows the arrangement of a switching transistor T1 in the supply circuit of the frequency generator [14], the contact b2 in series with the RC element [Rl, C1] is in the collector-base circuit of the ~ transistor. The resistor R2 is used for setting the operating point of T1. By closing b2, T1 switches until C1 is charged.

Sy-nchron zu Kontakt b~ wird der Kontakt 1,1 vom Wischergetriebe der Scheibenwischer in ihrer Ruhestellung 0 geöffnet. Dabei licgen erfindungsgemäß die vom Feuchtiglieitssensor Rr über das Ilelais A gesteuerten Kontakte al, ag und der Kontakt bl im Stromkreis des Wischermotors parallel geschaltet. Dadurch wird erreicht daß der Scheibenwischer auch (dann noch bis in seine Ruhelage zurückkehre, wenn der Sensor nicht wieder das Relais zum Ansprechen bringt. Bei schwachem Regen oder Spritzwasser arheitet somit der Scheibenwischer intermittierend . Mit abnehmendem lle.n wachsen die Intervalle zwischen den Wischertakten, bis schließlich das Einschaltpotential des Schmitt-Triggers nicht m2llr erreicht wird und der Scheibenwischer in seiner Ruhelage bleibt.Synchronous to contact b ~, contact 1,1 of the wiper gear of the Windshield wipers open in their rest position 0. According to the invention, the from the moisture sensor Rr via the Ilelais A controlled contacts al, ag and the Contact bl connected in parallel in the circuit of the wiper motor. This is achieved that the windshield wiper also (then returns to its rest position, if the sensor does not reactivate the relay again. In light rain or The windshield wiper therefore works intermittently. With decreasing lle.n the intervals between the wiper cycles grow until finally the switch-on potential the Schmitt trigger is not reached and the windshield wiper is in its Rest position remains.

Sebc der Steuerung des intermittierenden Betriebes durch die auffallende Regenmenge hat die Erfindung den wesentlichen Vorzug daß sich mit der Betätigung der Scheibenwaschanlage die Scheibenwischer selbsttätig einschalten und, sobald die Scheibe trockengewischt ist, auch wieder abschalten. Die Geschuindirekt, mit welcher der Widerstand des Feuchtigkeitssensors abnimmt , ist ein Maß für die Regenmenge auf der zu überwachenden Fläche. Erfindungsgemäßdient dieses Signal zur regenabhängigen Steuerung der Scheibenwischergeschwindigkeit. Dies kann einmal in Abhängigkeit zur Widerstandsänderung von Rr pro Zeiteinheit stetig erfoLgen.Sebc of the control of intermittent operation by the striking Rainfall, the invention has the major advantage that with the operation of the windscreen washer system, the windscreen wipers switch on automatically and, as soon as the windshield has been wiped dry, switch it off again. The Geschuindirekt, with the decrease in the resistance of the moisture sensor is a measure of the amount of rain on the area to be monitored. According to the invention, this signal is used for rain-dependent Control of the windshield wiper speed. This can be once depending on the Change in resistance of Rr per unit of time.

Zum anderen besteht erfindungsgemäß auch die Möglichkeit, das durch die oben bereits beschriebenen Vorrichtungen gelieferte digitale Signal zur Geschwindigkeitsregelung heranzuziehen.On the other hand, according to the invention, there is also the possibility of doing this the digital speed control signal supplied by the devices already described above to use.

Dies geschieht beispielsweise durch die in Fix 7 dargestellten Anordnung. Die Kontakte al und a2 im Stromkreis des Wischermotos M erden vom Relais einer der oben beschriebenen Schaltvorrichtungen betätigt, hier z.B. durch das Relais A von Fi.G.This is done, for example, by the arrangement shown in Fix 7. The contacts al and a2 in the circuit of the wiper motor M earth from the relay one of the actuated switching devices described above, here e.g. by the relay A of Fi.G.

Die Kontakte al und a2 sind parallel geschaltet zum vom Wischer getriebe in der Ruhestellung geöffneten Kontakt bl. Da beide Kontakte im Stromkreis des Wischermotors liegen, entsprechen sie der oben bereits behandelten Anordnung für intermittierenden Betrieb des Scheibenswischers. Zusätzlich liegt im Stromkreis von M ein weiteres z.B. analog arbeitendes Steuerventil, das z 13. ein über eine Verstärkerschaltung gesteuerter Leistungstransistor sein kann. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer solchen Verstärkerschaltung ist in Fig.7 "umrahmt" dargestellt [T4, T5, 7]. Die Diode D2 ist in dem Schaltungsbeispiel als iJherspannungsschutz vorgesehen. Durch den Spannungsteiler- gebildet aus 1t6 (einstellbar) und fle- kann, abgesehen von der Dimensionierung der Verstärkerschaltung, die Grundgeschwindigkeit Vo des Wischermotors vorgegeben werden, bei welcher der kontinuierliche Betrieb der Scheibennsischer mit abnehmendem legen auf intermittierendes Wischen übergeht.Contacts a1 and a2 are connected in parallel to the wiper gear contact open in rest position bl. Since both contacts are in the circuit of the wiper motor lie, they correspond to the arrangement for intermittent ones already discussed above Operation of the windscreen wiper. In addition, in the circuit of M a Another control valve, e.g. working analog, the 13th one via an amplifier circuit controlled power transistor can be. An embodiment of such a The amplifier circuit is shown "framed" in FIG. 7 [T4, T5, 7]. The diode D2 is provided in the circuit example as overvoltage protection. Through the Voltage divider- formed from 1t6 (adjustable) and fle- can, apart from the Dimensioning of the amplifier circuit, the basic speed Vo of the wiper motor can be specified in which the continuous operation of the disc mixer as the laying decreases, it changes to intermittent wiping.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Umsetzung des regenabhängigen, digitalen Signals in ein analoges am einfachsten durch Laden (iiher R1) und Entladen (über Re) eines Kondensators C2, der die Verstärkerschaltung, hier z.B. [ T4, TS, 07] ansteuert, im Takt der von Scheibenwischer und Regen gesteuerten Schaltvorrichtung. Vorzwgsweise geschieht dies dadurch, daß das Schajorgan der Schaltvorrichtung, hier z. B. der Kontakt al parallel zum Wischermotorkreis, den Steuerkreis schließt bzw. öffnet und damit das Potential von C2 jeweils erhöht oder herabsetzt. Bei konstanter Regenmenge stellt sich ein Gleichgewichtszustand innerhalb des geschlossenen flegelkreises (Wischermotor, Feuchtigkeitssensor) ein, bei dem die Ladung von C2 und damit auch die Scheibenwischerge schwindigkeit um einen Mittelwert pendeln. Ist die Zeit, bis zu welcher der Widerstand von Rr auf den Schaltwert abgesunken ist, kiirzer als die folgende Zeit bis zum erneuten Trockenwischen von Rr, wenn sich z.B. der Regen verstärkt hat, so steigt das nittle re Potential von C2 solange, bis sich wieder Gleichgewicht eingestellt hat oder die durch die Kapazität von C2, die Dimensionierung des Verstärkers und den Wischermotor festgelegte IIöehstgeschwindigkeit erreicht ist. Bei abnehmendem Regen ist zunächst die Ladezeit kürzer als die Entladezeit, bzw. bei unterschiedlichen Lade- und Entladewiderständen verschiebt sich das Zeitverhältnis derart, daß das Potential von C2 solange abnimmt, bis die mittlere Wischergeschwindigkeit der anfallenden Regen menge entspricht oder das durch den Spannungsteiler [R6, Re] festgelegte Grenzpotential erreicht ist und der Wischermotor nunmehr intermittiercnd zu arbeiten beginnt. Die Verbindung der beiden Schaltbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung, Fig.6 und Fig.7, liefert somit eine einfache Vorrichtung, die Scheibenwischergeschn indigkeit eines Fahrzeugs abhängig von der ilegenstärke Itontinuierlich zu regeln bis hin zu intermittierendem Betrieb mit sich selbst regelnden optimalen Intervallen.According to the invention, the rain-dependent, digital one is implemented The easiest way to convert the signal to an analog one is by charging (via R1) and discharging (via Re) a capacitor C2, which the amplifier circuit, here e.g. [T4, TS, 07] controls, in time with the switching device controlled by the windshield wiper and rain. This is primarily done in that the Schajorgan of the switching device, here z. B. the contact al parallel to the wiper motor circuit, the control circuit closes or opens and thus increases or decreases the potential of C2. At constant The amount of rain creates a state of equilibrium within the closed leaf circle (Wiper motor, moisture sensor), in which the charge of C2 and thus also the windshield wiper speed fluctuate around an average value. Is the time up at which the resistance fell from Rr to the switching value, shorter than the following time until Rr is wiped dry again, e.g. if the rain has increased, the lower potential of C2 rises until it is again Equilibrium has been set or which is due to the capacitance of C2, the sizing of the amplifier and the wiper motor is reached is. When the rain is decreasing, the charging time is initially shorter than the discharging time, or with different charging and discharging resistances, the time ratio shifts such that the potential of C2 decreases until the mean wiper speed the incoming rain amount or that by the voltage divider [R6, Re] defined limit potential is reached and the wiper motor now begins to work intermittently. The connection of the two switching examples of the present invention, Fig.6 and Fig.7, thus provides a simple device, the windshield wiper speed of a vehicle depends on the size of the area It can be regulated continuously up to intermittent operation with self-regulating optimal intervals.

Fig.8 zeigt eine Möglichkeit, die Kontakte al, a2 und bl der von Fig.7 aus dem- Laststromkreis herauszunehmen. Durch den Rr gesteuerten Schmitt- Trigger [T6, T7, 119, R 10] -einstellbar über R8-wird über das Relais E der Umschalilcontakt e betätigt. Durch den aus dem Transistor T8, dessen Sperrwiderstand durch R 11 vorgegeben werden kann, und Re gebildeten Spannungsteiler ist die Grundgeschwindigkeit des Wischermotors vorgegeben. Solange der Widerstand von Rr noch nicht auf den Schaltwert des Schmitt-Triggers abgesunken ist, wird C3 über Re bis auf das vorgegebene Grundpotential entladen. Haben die Scheibenwischer ihre Ruhestellung verlassen, so ist Kontakt bl geschlossen und das Potential von C3 steuert -verstärkt durch die Anordnung [ R 13, T9, T 10]- kontinuierlich de'nPdie Klemmenm und Minus angeschlossenen Wischermotor. Erreichen die Wischer die Ruhestellung1 ohne daß Kontakt e umgeschaltet wurde, so wird der Steuerstromkreis durch bl erfindungsgemäß unterbrochen und T 10 sperrt den Stromkreis des Wischermotors Da die Kontakte e und bl im Steuerstromkreis parallel geschaltet sind, wird der Wischermotor erst in Gang gesetzt, wenn durch den hinreichend feuchten Sensor Rr der Kontakt e umgeschaltet worden ist, so daß der Stromkreis für T 10 wieder geschlossen ist. Über R1 wird C3 weniger als über Re entladen: das Potential von C3 steigt,bis e durch den Reinigungsvorgang von Rr wieder umschaltet. Das Steuerverhalten der Schaltung in Fig.8 entspricht im wesentlichen dem der Verbindung von Fig.6 mit Fig.7.FIG. 8 shows one way of making the contacts a1, a2 and bl of FIG to be removed from the load circuit. Schmitt trigger controlled by the Rr [T6, T7, 119, R 10] - adjustable via R8 - is the switchover contact via relay E. e actuated. By the transistor T8, whose blocking resistance is given by R 11 can be, and the voltage divider formed is the basic speed of the Wiper motor specified. As long as the resistance of Rr has not yet reached the switching value of the Schmitt trigger has fallen, C3 is down to the specified basic potential via Re unload. If the windshield wipers have left their rest position, there is contact bl closed and the potential of C3 controls - amplified by the arrangement [ R 13, T9, T 10] - continuously connected to the terminals and minus Wiper motor. If the wipers reach the rest position 1 without contact e being switched was, the control circuit is interrupted according to the invention by bl and T 10 blocks the circuit of the wiper motor Da contacts e and bl in the control circuit are connected in parallel, the wiper motor is only started when through the sufficiently moist sensor Rr the contact e has been switched so that the circuit for T 10 is closed again. Over R1, C3 becomes less than over Discharge Re: the potential of C3 increases until e through the cleaning process of Rr switches again. The control behavior of the circuit in FIG. 8 is essentially the same that of the connection of Fig.6 with Fig.7.

Damit der Wischermotor bei plötzlichem Spritzwasser, das einen schnellen Abfall des Widerstandes von Rr bewirkt, sofort mit möglichst hoher Geschwindigkeit arbeitet, wird die Kollektor-Emitter-Strecke von T8 durch die auf große Spannungssprünge ansprechende Anordnung [R12, C4, D3] niederohmig, so daß C3 in kürzester Zeit seine maximale Steuerspannung annimmt.So that the wiper motor does one thing in the event of a sudden splash of water fast The drop in the resistance of Rr is effected immediately at the highest possible speed works, the collector-emitter path of T8 is due to the large voltage jumps attractive arrangement [R12, C4, D3] low resistance, so that C3 in the shortest possible time assumes its maximum control voltage.

Fig. 9 zeigt eine einfache Schaltanordnung, die besonders geeignet ist zur Steuerung resp. Regelung von Scheibenwischermotoren. Bei Abnahme des Sensorwiderstandes Rr steigt die Steuerspannung an C5: C5 lädt sich über R19 und Rr auf. Die Transistoren T12, T13 und T14 werden von der Kondensatorspannung gesteuert. Hat der Strom im Kollektorkreis von T13 den Ansprechwert des Relais F erreicht, werden Kontakt f geschlossen und bl überbrückt. Dadurch kann durch den Motor M über den Transistor T14 ein der Steuerspannung proportionaler Strom fließen. Nimmt der Sensorwiderstand kontinuierlich ab, vergrößert sich das Steuerpotential von C5 analog. Bei Widerstandszunahme von Rr wird C5 über die Widerstände R18, R19 und R20 wieder entladen: Die Motordrehzahl nimmt analog der Kondensatorspannung ab. Hat die Spannung einen Mindestwert erreicht, fällt das Relais F ab und der Kontakt f wird geöffnet, Je nach der momen tanen Stellung der Scheibenwischer bleibt der Motorstromkreis solange über den Getriebeschalter bl geschlossen, bis die Wischer in der Ruhestellung sind und bl öffnet. Die durch das Öffnen des Laststromkreises am Motor entstehende Überspannung wird durch die Dioden D4 und Z1 begrenzt. Die beim Abschalten am Relais F entstehende Induktionsspannung wird durch die Diode D5 kurzgeschlossen, Nimmt der Sensorwiderstand plötzlich ab, entsteht durch den Stromstoß an der Ind:uktivität L1 ein der Stromänderung proportionaler Spannungsabfall: Der Transistor Tll lädt den Kondensator C5 auf ein entsprechendes Steuerpotential auf. Kontakt 9 und R25 bewirken den Rücklauf der Wischer in die Ruhestellung.Fig. 9 shows a simple circuit arrangement which is particularly suitable is to control resp. Control of windshield wiper motors. When the sensor resistance decreases Rr, the control voltage at C5 increases: C5 is charged via R19 and Rr. The transistors T12, T13 and T14 are controlled by the capacitor voltage. Has the current in the Collector circuit of T13 reaches the response value of relay F, contact f closed and bridged bl. This allows the motor M via the transistor T14 a current proportional to the control voltage will flow. The sensor resistance increases continuously, the control potential of C5 increases analogously. With an increase in resistance from Rr, C5 is discharged again via resistors R18, R19 and R20: The engine speed decreases analogously to the capacitor voltage. If the voltage has reached a minimum value, the relay F drops out and the contact f is opened, depending on the current position the windshield wiper remains the motor circuit via the gear switch bl closed until the wipers are in the rest position and bl opens. By the opening of the load circuit on the motor is caused by the Diodes D4 and Z1 limited. The induction voltage generated when switching off relay F. is short-circuited by the diode D5, if the sensor resistance suddenly decreases, the current surge at inductance L1 is more proportional to the change in current Voltage drop: The transistor Tll charges the capacitor C5 to a corresponding one Tax potential. Contact 9 and R25 cause the wipers to return to the Rest position.

Eine Stabilisierung der Schaltung gegen Uber- oder Unterspannung ist nicht erforderlich, da zur Speisung der Steuerelektronik die aus den Widerständen R14, R15, R16 und R17 aufgebaute Brücken-Diagonalspannung verwendet wird.A stabilization of the circuit against overvoltage or undervoltage is not necessary because the resistors are used to supply the control electronics R14, R15, R16 and R17 built-up bridge diagonal voltage is used.

Claims

Patent claims:

1.Processes, arrangements and devices for automatic switching, Control and control of devices, in particular electrically operated units preferably in the motor vehicle, shipping and aviation industry as well as for Moisture measurement in gases Utld for dew point measurement d a d u r c h g e -k e n It does not indicate that signals are primarily a fixed, reproducible dependency the degree of moisture and / or icing and / or rain and / or wetting a measuring point by .or with an aqueous solution or other electrical detectable liquid can be generated by one or more suitable signal transmitters and that these signals, respectively. their course over time, by means of suitable devices for switching, controlling and / or regulating, in particular, such units and devices the degree of moisture, icing, sprinkling or wetting can be used at the measuring point and areas that are represented by the measuring point are able to influence.

2. The method according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that by the signal and / or its temporal course, respectively. by a Signal sequence, devices such as windshield wipers, car heating, window heating, Blower, ventilators and disc ventilation devices are activated as soon as the signal and / or its temporal course a defined switching value or several of one another have achieved independent switching values.

3. The method according to claims 1 and 2 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that by the signal and / or its temporal course the Operation of units and devices preselected and / or controlled and / or is regulated, as well as the number and type of units and devices that can be used suitably preselected and / or selected.

4. The method according to the preceding claims d a d u r c h g e It is not possible to indicate that by the signal and / or its course over time Aggregates, such as a windshield wiper motor, be regulated in such a way that with defined, in particular the signal, or the signal sequence determining Requirements the operation of the aggregates takes place intermittently with the signal appropriate intervals,

5. The method according to claims 1 to 3 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the signal un / otler a time course the mode of operation of the corresponding units, such as the speed of the Windshield wiper, is controlled in such a way that the operation [wiper speed; adjusts the causes generating the signal continuously or in discrete areas.

6. Devices for generating signals according to claim 1 for implementation the method according to claims 2 to 5 d a -d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the Vorrichüung is a transducer, which is physically detectable Properties, especially the electrical resistance, depend on the ones to be measured Changed sizes.

7. Procedure for the automatic switching, control and regulation of devices, in particular electrically operated units, preferably in motor vehicles, shipping and aviation as well as for moisture measurement in gases and for dew point measurement d u r c h e k e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the electrical resistance of the transducer and / or its change over time and / or the requirements, certain resistance values comply with or track changes in resistance, and / or the time in which predetermined switching thresholds or specific differential values can be achieved, and / or the difference amount synchronously or after a defined time to control or regulate used by aggregates.

8. transducer according to claim 6 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that preferably electrical conductor tracks through the measured variable at hinre With the conductance of which h <n are electrically connected in such a way that the species the electronic Link the size of the total electrical resistance of the transducer influenced,

9. Mcßwertaufnchmer according to claim 8 d a d u r c h g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that it consists of preferably parallel, there is any functionally designed conductor tracks that are divided among one another are not electrically connected, with two or more suitable conductor tracks are provided with electrical connection devices, so that the distribution of Measured variable on the Meßs tel le and their temporal occurrence essentially statistical are recorded as representative mean values in such a way that only such electrical Connections of the conductor taps significantly influence the measurement signal through the measured variable, which change the size of the total resistance of the transducer.

10. transducer according to claims 6, 8 and 9 d a -d u r c h it is not indicated that the conductor tracks are on a suitable carrier material with sufficiently high electrical \ N'iderstan'd, suitable wettability, mechanical Strength, specific thermal conductivity, thermal fatigue strength and suitable Expansion coefficients are applied.

11. Support material according to claim 10 d a d u r c h g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that it is preferably translucent or translucent and / or one-sided self-adhesive plastic film.

12. transducer according to claims 1 and 6 to 10 d a -d u r c h e k e k e k e nn n n e i n e t that he is on the area to be monitored, in particular outside the wiper area or in a representative area for the area to be monitored Place is attached.

13.Meßwertaufnehmer according to Claims 1, 6 and 8, 9, 10 and 12 d a u r c h e k e n n n n z e i c h n e t that the conductor tracks are directly on the to surface to be monitored, provided that it is suitable in accordance with the fiIi ﬁ cation.

14. Method for generating measurement signals according to one of the preceding Claims that the electrical resistance of the transducer to a suitable proportional electrical quantity, e.g. Current strength and / or voltage and / or frequency implemented by suitable devices will.

15. Device for generating measured variable dependent signals according to preceding claims with a transducer designed as a capacitor is, consisting of two or more capacitor plates, its alternating current resistance depending on their presence or depending on the degree of wetting on the plates precipitating liquid and / or ice defined changes d a d u r c h g e k It is noted that the transducer is electrically in series with an ohmic one Resistance in one powered by an alternating current source of constant voltage Circuit is and the voltage divider formed in this way at the ohmic resistor tapped partial voltage - if necessary after rectification - the switching or. Control devices is supplied as a measurement signal.

16. The method according to claim 1 for generating a measurement signal with a Measurement transducer according to claims 6 and 8 to 13, wherein the measurement transducer its ohmic resistance changes depending on the measured variable, d a d u r e h g e k E n n e i c h -n e t that it is used as a resistor in an alternating current circuit with for exact measurements of suitable amperage and the temperature dependence of the Electrolyte resistance of the measured variable through a suitable compensation device is reduced to a non-disturbing level.

17. Switching and control device according to claim 1 for implementation the method according to claims 2 to 5 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that these are known switching devices with a stable and one unstable or two stable switching states, which are caused by the signal of the Transducer are controlled and their switching thresholds and switching behavior are preferably adjustable are, with the switching devices known per se are corresponding to the measured variable dependent Signal or according to the signal sequence circuits of electrically operated units switched or corresponding devices operated.

18. Switching and control device according to claim 17 d a.d u r c h g it is not stated that the switching devices are Schmitt triggers, monovibrators, suitable relay circuits and / or breaker arrangements with controlled valves can be, which in turn, if still required, switching devices such as switching relays or actuate the corresponding devices directly.

19. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 3 d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t j that the measured value transducer has several Switching devices possibly different response behavior for the control and / or Control of several units and / or a suitable switching device with differentiated Switching program for several units controls, so that e.g. simultaneously or mutually various heating and / or cleaning devices switched on or off depending on the signal will.

20, the method according to claim 1 for generating measurement variable dependent Control signals from electrical quantities according to Claim 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n It does not indicate that the amount by which the electrical quantity is within a certain constant or defined variable time unit has changed into a preferably electrical control signal is implemented.

21. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 3 to 5 d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the transducer Defined influenced by the activity preferably controlled by him aggregates as far as the measurand is concerned.

22, the method according to claim 21 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h -n e t that the transducer by suitable, preferably controlled by him Devices heated and / or cooled and / or mechanically by the wetting liquid is released to the limited stationary measuring capacity of the transducer to hold or set further measurements and so continuously or in Measure cyclic operation,

23, the device according to claim 22, because it is not possible to do so z e i c h -n e t that one or more transducers with the warming and / or cooling sides of Peltier elements connected or on the corresponding Sides are applied,

24. The apparatus of claim 23 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that two or more Peltier elements are arranged in relation to one another in such a way are that. the heated or cooled sides face each other with a small distance and are each connected to a flatly connected capacitor plate and each the resulting capacitor forms a transducer,

25. Apparatus according to claim 24 d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h -n e t that for the dissipation of heat or Suitable for cooling capacity - formed ribs of the Peltier elements as capacitor plates of the transducer are used, which interlock in such a way that each of the heated and the cooled plates form an electrically independent wet unit.

26. The device according to claim 25 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that preferably an even number of Peltier elements in such a way around a common Axis are arranged that the ribs of the Peltier elements, which in turn are connected are that each associated condenser unit is heated or cooled will run in planes parallel to the axis in order to allow the flow through a to be monitored To ensure gas flow in the axial direction, possibly supported by an additional conveyor device,

27. The method according to claim 22 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n n z e i c h -n e t that the signals generated by the transducer also the Heating or insulation conduction of the Peltier elements by influencing them control the current consumption and / or by reversing the current direction.

28. Arrangement and method according to claim 21 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the transducer on one or more piezoelectric Converters is attached, whose / their AC power supply source by the measurement signal and / or its temporal course and / or in particular from Signal affected aggregates is controlled and that the energy to the electromechanical Influencing the measured variable resp. serves to clean the transducer.

29. Experienced according to claim 28 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the piezoelectric transducer is preferably in its natural frequency range is operated.

30. The method according to claim 28 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the piezoelectric transducer operated continuously or briefly is with constant power or, if necessary, with variable power, which is controlled by the measurement signal and / or its temporal course and / or by Behavior or the mode of operation of certain, preferably depending on the measurement signal working aggregates.

31. Arrangement for the short-term operation of piezoelectric transducers according to claim 30, that is in the supply circuit of the frequency generator an interrupter device, preferably a power transistor, is located, the interrupter device after actuation of a contact in a control circuit briefly switches to current conduction.

32. Arrangement according to claim 31 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the closing contact in the collector-base circuit of a transistor in series with an RC element connected in parallel.

33. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 3 to 5 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n n z e i c h n e t that im Circuit of the aggregate to be switched, controlled and / or regulated, two parallel-connected Interrupter devices are, one of which is controlled by the transducer Switching device, while the other interrupts the circuit only when a unit operated by the circuit is in a defined position resp. is in a certain state.

34. The method according to claim 33, d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h -n e t that the circuit of a windshield wiper motor only in the rest position the windshield wiper can be interrupted.

35. Interrupter device according to claims 33 and 34 d a -d u r e k e k e n n n z e & h n e t that it is one of windshield wipers, Wiper gear or wiper motor controlled breaker acts.

36. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claims 1, 3, 4 and 5 indicate that the position of the transducer is shown within the sphere of influence of the aggregate to be regulated or controlled and with respect to the interrupting device directly controlled by the same of the aggregate influenced to a defined extent,

37, Procedure for regulating windshield wiper operation of motor vehicles according to one of the preceding claims with an Ateß value sensor for the windshield wiper system, in a manner known per se with and from at least two insulated electrodes which, if necessary, intermesh like a comb, in this way within the Wiper sector attached that the transducer with each pass of the windshield wiper is wiped dry and it is indicated that the measurement signal and / or its time course for regulating the windshield wiper activity and speed is used.

38. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 3 to 5 d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t x that dem to the controlling and / or regulating unit is preceded by a control element which primarily its electrical resistance as a function of a control signal changes.

39. Apparatus according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the control element is a suitable power transistor whose control signal, if necessary, by an amplifier circuit according to the desired Operation of the unit is reinforced.

40. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 3 to 5 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the electrical resistance of the control element in the load circuit of the to be switched and / or controlled and / or to be controlled aggregate in its on-state continuously or in discrete areas can be changed by suitable control signals and that its lower limit for current passage by suitable devices, for example a voltage divider at the base of the power transistor to be controlled, adjustable.

41. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 3 to 5 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h ne t that in the circuit of the to switching, controlling and / or regulating unit only a single control member which only interrupts the circuit by means of a suitable device, when the Sleßwertaufnehmer signal and another control signal, e.g. a timer signal or a signal triggered by another unit arrive at the same time, wherein the control member is preferably a controlled rectifier or a power transistor is.

42. The method according to claim 1 for performing the method according to the claims 3 to 5 characterized in that the change over time of the electrical Resistance of the transducer via a suitable differentiating circuit that z, B, may contain an inductance, is converted into a control signal that the The derivative of the change in resistance with respect to time.

43. Procedures for carrying out the procedures according to the Anq, check. 1, 3, 4 and 5 d a d u r c h e k e n n n e i c h n e t that this is done by the transducer caused switching time behavior of the switching devices according to claims 17 and 18 as a measured value and / or more appropriate for controlling or regulating the mode of operation Aggregates is used by the measured variable dependent time signal by suitable Devices is converted into a control signal.

44. A method for generating a control signal according to claim 43 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the time signal, in particular the time, in which the resistance of the transducer changes by a certain amount controls a device whose behavior changes over time in a defined manner and that the behavior corresponding to the time signal either directly to the control is used or this only via suitable storage devices for a subsequent one Time and / or period happens.

45. Arrangement for performing the method according to claims42 and 43 d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that via suitable resistors a or several capacitors loaded-resp.

are discharged and a time signal and / or other control signals corresponding potential and / or a potential difference, possibly

suitably formed, used for control.

46. A method for controlling units according to the preceding claims d u r c h e k e n n n z e i n e t that by means of suitable devices the the unit to be controlled and / or regulated is interrupted in its activity, as soon as a defined, preferably adjustable and / or controllable value of the the control signal corresponding to the time signal via resp. is undercut,

47. Method for controlling units according to the preceding claims d a d u r c h e k e n n n n e i c h n e t that the time signal controlled by the transducer is compared with another time signal that has a constant value or can be controlled depending on an aggregate, such that the instantaneous difference signal to control resp. Regulation is used.

48. The method according to claim 22 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h -n e t that preferably the piezoelectric transducer in windshield wiper systems either through contacts in - the rest position of the windshield wipers opposite - Reversal point of the circuit of the frequency generator closed or by means of a a device according to the interrupter contact bl synchronously working contact b2 Claim 31 is actuated.

9. An arrangement according to claim 47 for connecting the method according to the Claims 4 and 5 d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that according to claim 33 the switching device controlled by the transducer in addition to its function as Interrupter of the load circuit converting its time-dependent signal into a control signal for the preferably continuous adaptation of the operating mode of the corresponding unit caused by the appropriate device in such a way is arranged that it is controlled only by the switching device alone.

50. Arrangement according to the preceding claims d a d u r c h g e -k It is noted that one actuated by a switching device according to claim 17 Changeover contact arranged in this way in the control circuit of a control element according to claim 38 is that a capacitor supplying the control potential is in one position of the Contact can be charged via suitable resistors and discharged in the other can, in each case at most up to defined limit potentials.

The changeover contact is in one position by a Interrupter device bridges that the control member is locked when opening the same is.

51. The method and arrangement according to claim 42 d a d u r c. h g e -k It is noted that the control signal is a rapid change in charge of a Capacitor in the control circuit of the to be controlled resp. causes the aggregate to be controlled, and the latter thus appropriately changes its mode of operation.

52. Arrangement for performing the method according to claim 51 d a -d u r c h e k e nn n n z e i c h n e t that of the control potential delivering capacitor charged via a transistor, respectively. can be unloaded, controlled from an RC element located at the base of the transistor, which is preceded by a diode can be, so that the transistor in the event of sudden changes in resistance of the transducer switches to increased conduction, with the transistor at the same time as that resistor can be used in the voltage divider which determines the potential potential is constantly connected to the capacitor.

53. Arrangement according to claim 52 d a d u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h -n e t that a Zener diode for charging the control capacitor is switched on when a parallel-connected RL-member is due to the change in resistance over time the potential caused by the transducer is greater than or equal to the Zener tension is.

54. Order to carry out the procedures according to the preceding Claims that the devices for Generation of fire-dependent tax signals for the purpose of stabilization the supply voltage preferably arranged in a suitable bridge circuit which can be temperature compensated.

Documents considered: D.B.P. No. 1 239 582 Engl. Pat. No. 1,116,401 U.S. Pat, No. 2 407 215