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DE19936011A1 - Tubular solid oxide fuel cell power output enhancement method e.g. for gas turbine drive, has helical coil within fuel cell sleeve for deflecting reaction gas flow so that it rotates about fuel cell sleeve axis - Google Patents

Tubular solid oxide fuel cell power output enhancement method e.g. for gas turbine drive, has helical coil within fuel cell sleeve for deflecting reaction gas flow so that it rotates about fuel cell sleeve axis

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Publication number
DE19936011A1
DE19936011A1 DE19936011A DE19936011A DE19936011A1 DE 19936011 A1 DE19936011 A1 DE 19936011A1 DE 19936011 A DE19936011 A DE 19936011A DE 19936011 A DE19936011 A DE 19936011A DE 19936011 A1 DE19936011 A1 DE 19936011A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
sofc
helical coil
reaction gas
solid oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19936011A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Wolfgang Winkler
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19936011A priority Critical patent/DE19936011A1/en
Publication of DE19936011A1 publication Critical patent/DE19936011A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The power output enhancement method uses a helical coil (2) within the interior of the solid oxide fuel cell sleeve (1), extending along the longitudinal axis of the latter, for deflection of the fuel cell reaction gas (3), so that the gas flow is fed around the longitudinal axis a number of times during its passage through the fuel cell sleeve. An Independent claim for a helical coil for a solid oxide fuel cell sleeve is also included.

Description

Oxidkeramische Brennstoffzellen SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) werden in planarer und in tubularer (röhrenförmiger) Bauweise entwickelt. Eine Konstruktionsanalyse zeigt, daß die tubulare Konstruktion eine Reihe von Vorteilen bietet (vergl. W. Winkler, J. Krüger, M. Sax, R. Telle: Development and manufacturing of a tubular SOFC combustion system. Proceedings 3 rd EUROPEAN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FORUM in Nantes. 1998. Ed. Philippe Stevens. Posters S. 245-254, W. Winkler Auslegung von Brennstoffzellenanlagen. Seminarunterlage zu gleichnamigen Seminar im Haus der Technik in Essen im November 1998). Insbesondere sind dies die günstigen thermomechanischen Eigenschaften, die einfache Möglichkeit zu kaskadieren, die kostengünstigen Kontaktierungswerkstoffe, die Möglichkeit, auf eine Kontaktierung auf der Luftseite ganz zu verzichten und die geringe Länge der benötigten Dichtungen. Es erweist sich als günstig, wenn der Durchmesser der Röhren klein ist. Einerseits ist die Stoffübergangszahl umgekehrt proportional zum hyraulischen Durchmesser und andererseits steigt die Leistungsdichte des Brennstoffzellenstapels umgekehrt mit dem Durchmesser.Oxide-ceramic fuel cells SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) are developed in planar and tubular (tubular) construction. A design analysis shows that tubular design offers a number of advantages (cf. W. Winkler, J. Krüger, M. Sax, R. Telle: Development and manufacturing of a tubular SOFC combustion system. Proceedings 3 rd EUROPEAN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FORUM in Nantes. 1998. Ed. Philippe Stevens. Posters pp. 245-254, W. Winkler Design of fuel cell systems. Seminar document for seminar of the same name in the Haus der Technik in Essen in November 1998). In particular, these are the favorable thermomechanical properties, the simple possibility of cascading, the inexpensive contacting materials, the possibility of completely dispensing with contacting on the air side and the short length of the seals required. It turns out to be favorable if the diameter of the tubes is small. On the one hand the mass transfer number is inversely proportional to the hydraulic diameter and on the other hand the power density of the fuel cell stack increases inversely with the diameter.

Damit ausreichend hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten erreicht werden können, müssen aber die Röhren relativ lang gebaut werden. Wenn der Systemdruck aber soweit erhöht werden muß, um eine nachgeschaltete Gasturbine betreiben zu können, so sinkt die Stoffübergangszahl umgekehrt proportional zu dem Druck (vergl. z. B. VDI-Wärmeatlas Abschnitt Da Berechnung des Diffusionskoeffizienten). So that sufficiently high flow velocities are achieved but the tubes have to be built relatively long become. But if the system pressure has to be increased so far, in order to be able to operate a downstream gas turbine, so decreases the mass transfer number is inversely proportional to the pressure (see e.g. VDI Heat Atlas section Da calculation of the Diffusion coefficients).  

Es läßt sich zeigen, daß sich ein möglichst großes Verhältnis von Zelloberfläche und benetztem Umfang notwendig ist, um somit eine möglichst große charakteristische Länge zu erzielen (W. Winkler The influence of the mass transfer on the geometric design of SOFC stacks. Sixth Grove Fuel Cell Symposium Queen Elizabeth II Congress Centre in London, September 1999. Erscheint in Journal of Power Sources). Bei allen bisher bekannten Zelltypen, planar, tubular und tubular mit Innenrohr bleibt die lineare Abhängigkeit von Reynoldszahl und Baulänge erhalten.It can be shown that the largest possible ratio of Cell surface and wetted size is necessary to achieve a to achieve the greatest possible characteristic length (W. Winkler The influence of the mass transfer on the geometric design of SOFC stacks. Sixth Grove Fuel Cell Symposium Queen Elizabeth II Congress Center in London, September 1999. Published in Journal of Power Sources). In all known cell types, planar, tubular and tubular with inner tube remains the linear dependency obtained from Reynolds number and overall length.

Es ist nun die Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Geometrie einer tubularen Brennstoffzelle so zu gestalten, daß gleichzeitig ein geringer Durchmesser möglich ist, um die Leistungsdichte zu erhöhen, daß das Zellrohr aus Gründen der mechanischen Stabilität und der Herstellbarkeit kurz gestaltet werden kann und daß dabei der Stoffübergangskoeffizient so erhöht wird, daß auch bei einem gesteigerten Systemdruck ein ausreichend hoher Stoffübergang gewährleistet ist.It is now the object of the invention, the geometry of a tubular To design fuel cells so that at the same time a small Diameter is possible to increase the power density that the Cell tube for reasons of mechanical stability and Producibility can be made short and that the Mass transfer coefficient is increased so that even with one increased system pressure a sufficiently high mass transfer is guaranteed.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß im Inneren des Zellrohres eine schraubenförmige Wendel angeordnet wird, die für eine Umlenkung der Strömung des sich im Inneren des Zellrohres befindlichen Reaktionsgases sorgt. Das Reaktionsgas ist entweder Verbrennungsluft oder Brenngas. Die schraubenförmige Wendel bewirkt einerseits, daß die tatsächliche Lauflänge der Strömung erhöht und gleichzeitig der hydraulische Durchmesser für den Stoffübergang reduziert wird. Außerdem sorgen die auftretenden Zentrifugalkräfte für eine erhebliche Verbesserung des Stoffaustausches durch Sekundärströmungen bereits im laminaren Bereich. The object is achieved in that inside of the cell tube, a helical spiral is arranged, which for redirecting the flow of the inside of the cell tube reaction gas located. The reaction gas is either Combustion air or fuel gas. The helical spiral on the one hand causes the actual running length of the flow increased and at the same time the hydraulic diameter for the Mass transfer is reduced. In addition, the occurring Centrifugal forces for a significant improvement in the Mass exchange through secondary flows already in the laminar Area.  

Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung stellt die Kombination der Schraubenwendel mit einem Innenrohr dar. Dabei wird das Innenrohr als Trägerrohr für die Schraubenwendel eingesetzt. Eine zweckmäßige Erweiterung der Erfindung ist die Kühlung des Innenrohres mit einem Prozeßfluid zur Wärmeauskopplung. Eine weitere zweckmäßige Ergänzung ist die Installation einer werteren Schraubenwendel im Innenrohr zu Erhöhung des Wärmeüberganges.The combination is an expedient embodiment of the invention the helix with an inner tube Inner tube used as a support tube for the screw coil. A expedient extension of the invention is the cooling of Inner tube with a process fluid for heat extraction. A Another useful addition is the installation of another Screw coil in the inner tube to increase the heat transfer.

Fig. 1a zeigt dazu das Zellrohr 1 und die innen befindliche Schraubenwendel 2, die für die Umlenkung des Reaktionsgases 3 Verbrennungsluft oder Brenngas in dem Zellrohr sorgt. In Fig. 1b ist als Ergänzung dazu das Innenrohr 4 eingezeichnet. FIG. 1a shows the cell tube 1 and the helical screw 2 located inside, which ensures the deflection of the reaction gas 3 combustion air or fuel gas in the cell tube. In Fig. 1b, the inner tube 4 is shown as a supplement.

Eine weitere zweckmäßige Fortbildung der Erfindung stellt das Aufbringen von Noppen, Abreißkanten und/oder Rillen auf der Wendel und oder dem Innenrohr zur Erhöhung des Turbulenzgrades dar.Another useful development of the invention is Application of knobs, tear-off edges and / or grooves on the helix and or the inner tube to increase the degree of turbulence.

Eine weitere zweckmäßige Fortbildung der Erfindung ist die Nutzung der Schraubenwendel 2 als Tragstruktur für eine tubulare SOFC. Dabei wird die Schraubenwendel 2 mit Elektrodenmaterial umhüllt und die darüber der Elektrolyt und die weitere Elektrode aufgebracht. Die Werkstoffe von Schraubenwendel und SOFC sind hinsichtlich ihrer Dehnung abgestimmt.Another expedient development of the invention is the use of the screw coil 2 as a support structure for a tubular SOFC. The screw coil 2 is covered with electrode material and the electrolyte and the further electrode are applied over it. The materials of the screw coil and SOFC are matched in terms of their elongation.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Leistungsdichte bei tubularen SOFC 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der SOFC 1 eine Schraubenwendel 2 in Längsrichtung zur Verbesserung des Stoffüberganges dergestalt angeordnet ist, daß das in der SOFC 1 strömende Reaktionsgas 3 so umgelenkt wird, daß es während des Durchströmens der tubularen SOFC 1 mehrfach um die Längsachse entlang der Elektrodenfläche der SOFC 1 geführt wird.1. A method for increasing the power density in tubular SOFC 1 , characterized in that in the SOFC 1 a helical coil 2 is arranged in the longitudinal direction to improve the mass transfer so that the flowing in the SOFC 1 reaction gas 3 is deflected so that it during the Flows through the tubular SOFC 1 several times around the longitudinal axis along the electrode surface of the SOFC 1 . 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schraubenwendel 2 auf einem mit einem Prozeßfluid gekühlten Innenrohr 4 zum Wärmeaustrag aus der SOFC aufgebracht ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the helical coil 2 is applied to an inner tube 4 cooled with a process fluid for heat transfer from the SOFC. 3. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Noppen und/oder Abreißkanten und/oder Rillen auf der Schraubenwendel 2 und/oder dem Innenrohr 4 zur Erhöhung des Turbulenzgrades aufgebracht werden.3. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that knobs and / or tear-off edges and / or grooves are applied to the helical coil 2 and / or the inner tube 4 to increase the degree of turbulence. 4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Innenrohr 4 mit einer Schraubenwendel 2 zur Verbesserung des Wärmeüberganges des Prozeßfluides im Innenrohr 4 versehen ist.4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner tube 4 is provided with a helical coil 2 to improve the heat transfer of the process fluid in the inner tube 4 . 5. Schraubenförmige Wendeln 2 in tubularen SOFC 1, wobei die Wendeln 2 in Längsrichtung der SOFC 1 so angeordnet sind, daß das Reaktionsgas 3 mehrfach umgelenkt wird. 5. Helical spirals 2 in tubular SOFC 1 , the spirals 2 being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the SOFC 1 so that the reaction gas 3 is deflected several times. 6. Schraubenförmige Wendeln in der Längsrichtung von gekühlten Innenrohren 4 von tubularen SOFC 1 zur Erhöhung des Wärmeüberganges im Innenrohr.6. Helical spirals in the longitudinal direction of cooled inner tubes 4 of tubular SOFC 1 to increase the heat transfer in the inner tube. 7. Schraubenwendeln 2, die als Tragstruktur für eine tubulare SOFC 1 ausgebildet sind, wobei die Schraubenwendel 2 mit Elektrodenmaterial umhüllt wird und darüber der Elektrolyt und die weitere Elektrode aufgebracht wird.7. helixes 2 , which are designed as a support structure for a tubular SOFC 1 , the helix 2 being coated with electrode material and the electrolyte and the further electrode being applied above it.
DE19936011A 1999-08-04 1999-08-04 Tubular solid oxide fuel cell power output enhancement method e.g. for gas turbine drive, has helical coil within fuel cell sleeve for deflecting reaction gas flow so that it rotates about fuel cell sleeve axis Withdrawn DE19936011A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19936011A DE19936011A1 (en) 1999-08-04 1999-08-04 Tubular solid oxide fuel cell power output enhancement method e.g. for gas turbine drive, has helical coil within fuel cell sleeve for deflecting reaction gas flow so that it rotates about fuel cell sleeve axis

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19936011A DE19936011A1 (en) 1999-08-04 1999-08-04 Tubular solid oxide fuel cell power output enhancement method e.g. for gas turbine drive, has helical coil within fuel cell sleeve for deflecting reaction gas flow so that it rotates about fuel cell sleeve axis

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DE19936011A1 true DE19936011A1 (en) 2001-02-15

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10045098A1 (en) * 2000-09-12 2002-04-04 Siemens Ag Fuel cell system with improved reaction gas utilization
DE10056673A1 (en) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-29 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt System for conveying of surface inclusion and/or discharge of substance by fluid e.g. in fuel cell, comprises flow duct forming laminar fluid flow and with flow conducting unit effecting spatial rearrangement of fluid layers
AT412310B (en) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-27 Alpps Fuel Cell Systems Gmbh MICRO REACTOR
US8283084B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2012-10-09 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hollow-shaped membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and hollow-type fuel cell

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10045098A1 (en) * 2000-09-12 2002-04-04 Siemens Ag Fuel cell system with improved reaction gas utilization
DE10056673A1 (en) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-29 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt System for conveying of surface inclusion and/or discharge of substance by fluid e.g. in fuel cell, comprises flow duct forming laminar fluid flow and with flow conducting unit effecting spatial rearrangement of fluid layers
AT412310B (en) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-27 Alpps Fuel Cell Systems Gmbh MICRO REACTOR
US8283084B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2012-10-09 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hollow-shaped membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and hollow-type fuel cell
DE112006000121B4 (en) * 2005-02-04 2013-02-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hollow-type fuel cell

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