DE19909744A1 - Low-temperature air fractionating system re-compresses nitrogen-containing fraction separate from input air using indirect exchange for fraction heating. - Google Patents
Low-temperature air fractionating system re-compresses nitrogen-containing fraction separate from input air using indirect exchange for fraction heating.Info
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- DE19909744A1 DE19909744A1 DE1999109744 DE19909744A DE19909744A1 DE 19909744 A1 DE19909744 A1 DE 19909744A1 DE 1999109744 DE1999109744 DE 1999109744 DE 19909744 A DE19909744 A DE 19909744A DE 19909744 A1 DE19909744 A1 DE 19909744A1
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- pressure column
- fraction
- low
- air
- nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
- F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
- F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04321—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/0443—A main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. a modified double column flowsheet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
- F25J3/04878—Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
- F25J2200/92—Details relating to the feed point
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/52—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being oxygen enriched compared to air, e.g. "crude oxygen"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft mit einem Rektifiziersystem, das mindestens eine Drucksäule und eine Niederdrucksäule aufweist, wobei Einsatzluft verdichtet, in einer Reinigungsstufe gereinigt, abgekühlt und mindestens teilweise in die Drucksäule eingeleitet wird, mindestens eine Flüssigfraktion aus der Drucksäule in die Niederdrucksäule eingespeist wird und eine stickstoffhaltige Fraktion aus der Niederdrucksäule angewärmt, rückverdichtet und in die Drucksäule zurückgeführt wird.The invention relates to a method for the low-temperature separation of air with a Rectification system that has at least one pressure column and one low pressure column comprises, compressed air, cleaned in a cleaning stage, cooled and is at least partially introduced into the pressure column, at least one Liquid fraction from the pressure column is fed into the low pressure column and one nitrogenous fraction from the low pressure column warmed, recompressed and in the pressure column is returned.
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der DE-38 14 187-C2 bekannt. Hier wird unreiner Stickstoff von einer Zwischenstelle der Niederdrucksäule vor die erste Stufe des Luftverdichters zurückgeführt, gemeinsam mit der Einsatzluft rückverdichtet und der Drucksäule zugeführt. Einen ähnlichen Prozeß zeigt US 4848996, wo der unreine Stickstoff am Kopf der Niederdrucksäule abgenommen und der Einsatzluft an einer Zwischenstufe des Luftverdichters zugemischt wird.Such a method is known from DE-38 14 187-C2. Here becomes impure Nitrogen from an intermediate point of the low pressure column before the first stage of the Air compressor returned, recompressed together with the feed air and the Pressure column fed. US 4848996 shows a similar process, where the impure Nitrogen removed at the top of the low pressure column and the feed air at one Intermediate stage of the air compressor is mixed.
Die Rückführung der stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion in die Einsatzluft ist an sich vorteilhaft und erhöht die Produktausbeute. Das Verfahren ist dennoch einer weiteren Verbesserung zugänglich.The return of the nitrogenous fraction to the feed air is advantageous in itself and increases product yield. The process is still another Improvement accessible.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung anzugeben, die wirtschaftlich besonders günstig sind.The invention has for its object a method of the type mentioned as well as specify a corresponding device that is particularly economical economically are.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die angewärmte stickstoffhaltige Fraktion getrennt von der Einsatzluft rückverdichtet wird.This object is achieved in that the heated nitrogenous fraction is compressed again separately from the feed air.
Damit ist es im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Verfahren nicht notwendig, die rückgeführte stickstoffhaltige Fraktion durch die Reinigungsstufe zu führen. Diese Reinigungsstufe wird im allgemeinen durch eine Adsorptionseinrichtung mit Molekularsieb gebildet und muß bei den oben erwähnten bekannten Prozessen für das Gemisch aus Einsatzluft und angewärmter stickstoffhaltiger Fraktion ausgelegt werden. In contrast to the known methods, it is therefore not necessary that to lead the recycled nitrogenous fraction through the cleaning stage. This Cleaning stage is generally carried out by an adsorption device Molecular sieve formed and must in the known processes mentioned above for the Mixture of feed air and warmed nitrogenous fraction can be designed.
Bei der Erfindung genügt dagegen eine kleinere Reinigungsstufe, die lediglich an die Einsatzluftmenge angepaßt ist. Damit kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit besonders geringen Apparatekosten realisiert werden. Im Rahmen der Erfindung hat sich herausgestellt, daß die damit erzielte Einsparung größer ist als der zusätzliche Aufwand, den der vom Luftverdichter unabhängige Rückverdichter bedeutet.In the case of the invention, on the other hand, a smaller cleaning stage, which only applies to the The amount of air used is adjusted. The method according to the invention can thus be used particularly low apparatus costs can be realized. Has within the scope of the invention it turned out that the saving achieved is greater than the additional Effort that means the recompressor, which is independent of the air compressor.
Die auf den ersten Blick ungünstig erscheinende Verwendung einer zusätzlichen Maschine für die Rückverdichtung der stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion führt also insgesamt zu einem wirtschaftlich besonders günstigen Verfahren.The use of an additional, which at first glance seems unfavorable Machine for the recompression of the nitrogenous fraction therefore leads overall to an economically particularly favorable process.
Die "stickstoffhaltige Fraktion" kann durch reinen Stickstoff oder durch ein Gemisch aus Luftgasen gebildet werden, dessen Stickstoffgehalt von demjenigen von Luft abweicht. Sie kann vom Kopf oder von einer Zwischenstelle der Niederdrucksäule abgezogen werden.The "nitrogen-containing fraction" can consist of pure nitrogen or a mixture Air gases are formed, the nitrogen content of which differs from that of air. It can be withdrawn from the head or from an intermediate point on the low pressure column become.
Vorzugsweise wird die rückverdichtete stickstoffhaltige Fraktion getrennt von der Einsatzluft in die Drucksäule geführt. Damit wird bei der Erfindung die verfahrenstechnisch ungünstige Vermischung zweier Fraktionen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung vermieden und die an der stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion bereits geleistete Trennarbeit geht nicht verloren.The re-compressed nitrogen-containing fraction is preferably separated from the Feed air led into the pressure column. So that the invention procedurally unfavorable mixing of two fractions of different Avoided composition and already on the nitrogenous fraction separation work is not lost.
Weitere verfahrenstechnische Vorteile werden erzielt, wenn zwischen der Stelle der Einführung der rückverdichteten stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion und der Stelle der Einspeisung der Einsatzluft in die Drucksäule mindestens ein theoretischer oder praktischer Boden angeordnet ist. Die rückverdichtete stickstoffhaltige Fraktion wird vorzugsweise an einer Stelle in die Drucksäule eingeführt, an der die Zusammensetzung des innerhalb der Drucksäule aufsteigenden Dampfs etwa derjenigen der stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion entspricht. Diese liegt unterhalb der Luftzuspeisung, wenn der Stickstoffgehalt geringer als derjenige von Luft ist; bei relativ hohem Stickstoffgehalt wird die stickstoffhaltige Fraktion oberhalb der Einsatzluft eingespeist.Further procedural advantages are achieved if the position of the Introduction of the re-compressed nitrogenous fraction and the location of the Feeding the feed air into the pressure column at least one theoretical or practical floor is arranged. The re-compressed nitrogen-containing fraction preferably introduced into the pressure column at a point where the Composition of the vapor rising within the pressure column corresponds to that of the nitrogenous fraction. This is below the Air supply if the nitrogen content is lower than that of air; at relative The nitrogenous fraction above the feed air becomes high in nitrogen fed.
Es ist günstig, wenn die Anwärmung der stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion mindestens teilweise durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch mit der verdichteten Einsatzluft durchgeführt wird. It is beneficial if the nitrogen-containing fraction is heated at least partly through indirect heat exchange with the compressed feed air is carried out.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kommen besonders zum Tragen, wenn eine Stickstofffraktion aus dem oberen Bereich der Drucksäule entnommen, angewärmt und als Druckstickstoffprodukt abgezogen wird. Die günstige Form der Rückführung einer stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion aus der Niederdrucksäule in die Drucksäule bewirkt eine besonders hohe Ausbeute an Druckstickstoffprodukt bei relativ geringem apparativen Aufwand.The advantages of the method according to the invention are particularly evident. when a nitrogen fraction is taken from the top of the pressure column, warmed up and withdrawn as a pressure nitrogen product. The cheap form of Return of a nitrogenous fraction from the low pressure column to the Pressure column causes a particularly high yield of pressure nitrogen product at relative low expenditure on equipment.
Verfahrenskälte kann bei dem Verfahren durch arbeitsleistende Entspannung eines Prozeßstroms erzeugt werden. Günstig ist hierbei die Entspannung eines Restgasstroms aus der Niederdrucksäule, der beispielsweise im Hauptwärmetauscher, in dem die Abkühlung der Einsatzluft stattfindet, auf eine Zwischentemperatur angewärmt und einer Entspannungsmaschine zugeleitet wird.Process cold can be caused by work-related relaxation of the process Process stream are generated. The relaxation of one is favorable here Residual gas flow from the low pressure column, for example in the main heat exchanger, in which the cooling of the feed air takes place to an intermediate temperature warmed up and fed to a relaxation machine.
Der Restgasstrom oder ein Teil davon kann beispielsweise gemeinsam mit der stickstoffhaltigen Fraktion aus der Niederdrucksäule entnommen werden. In diesem Fall kann auch die Anwärmung bis zu der Zwischentemperatur gemeinsam erfolgen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Restgasstrom mindestens zum Teil aus dem unteren Bereich der Niederdrucksäule entnommen werden. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um eine sauerstoffhaltige Fraktion aus der unteren Hälfte der Niederdrucksäule handeln. In einem speziellen Beispiel wird der entsprechende Teil des Restgasstroms als Sumpfflüssigkeit aus der Niederdrucksäule entnommen, in einem Kondensator-Verdampfer verdampft und nach Anwärmung der arbeitsleistenden Entspannung zugeführt. Der Kondensator-Verdampfer kann dabei gleichzeitig zur Erzeugung von aufsteigendem Dampf in der Niederdrucksäule dienen.The residual gas stream or part of it can, for example, together with the nitrogen-containing fraction are removed from the low pressure column. In this In this case, heating up to the intermediate temperature can also take place together. As an alternative or in addition, the residual gas stream can be at least partially derived from the lower area of the low pressure column. It can be for example, an oxygen-containing fraction from the lower half of the Act low pressure column. In a special example, the corresponding part of the residual gas stream taken as bottom liquid from the low pressure column, in evaporated in a condenser-evaporator and after warming up the workforce Relaxation fed. The condenser-evaporator can be used simultaneously Generate rising steam in the low pressure column.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann der Restgasstrom zu einem ersten Teil aus dem oberen Bereich und zu einem zweiten Teil aus dem unteren Bereich der Niederdrucksäule entnommen werden, wobei die beiden Teile vermischt und der arbeitsleistenden Entspannung zugeleitet werden. Die Vermischung kann dabei stromaufwärts oder stromabwärts der Anwärmung durchgeführt werden.In the context of the invention, the residual gas stream can be made up of a first part of the upper part and a second part from the lower part of the Low pressure column are removed, the two parts being mixed and the work-related relaxation. The mixing can be carried out upstream or downstream of the heating.
Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft gemäß Patentanspruch 9 oder 10. The invention also relates to a device for the low-temperature separation of air according to claim 9 or 10.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist besonders für Verfahren geeignet, bei denen der Betriebsdruck am Kopf der Drucksäule bei 5,7 bis 29,7 bar, vorzugsweise bei 8,7 bis 12,7 bar, der Betriebsdruck am Kopf der Niederdrucksäule bei 1,8 bis 11,8 bar, vorzugsweise bei 2,8 bis 3,8 bar liegt.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for methods in which the Operating pressure at the top of the pressure column at 5.7 to 29.7 bar, preferably at 8.7 to 12.7 bar, the operating pressure at the top of the low pressure column at 1.8 to 11.8 bar, is preferably 2.8 to 3.8 bar.
Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention and further details of the invention are described below of an embodiment shown in the drawing.
Atmosphärische Luft 1 wird über ein Filter (nicht dargestellt) von einem ersten Verdichter 3 angesaugt und auf einen Druck 9,2 bar verdichtet. Nach Entfernung der Verdichtungswärme in einem Nachkühler 4 wird die Luft 5 zu einer Reinigungsstufe 6 geführt, die in dem Beispiel durch ein Paar von umschaltbaren Molekularsiebadsorbern gebildet wird. In der Reinigungsstufe 6 werden insbesondere Kohlendioxid und Wasser aus der Einsatzluft entfernt. Die gereinigte Einsatzluft 7 wird in einem Hauptwärmetauscher 12 auf etwa Taupunkt abgekühlt und teilweise verflüssigt und schließlich über Leitung 13 vollständig der Drucksäule 14 eines Zweisäulen- Rektifiziersystems zugeführt, das außerdem eine Niederdrucksäule 15 aufweist. Drucksäule 14 und Niederdrucksäule 15 stehen über einen gemeinsamen Kondensator-Verdampfer (Hauptkondensator) 16 in wärmetauschender Verbindung. Die Betriebsdrücke (jeweils am Kopf) betragen in dem Beispiel 8,7 bar in der Drucksäule 14 und 2,8 bar in der Niederdrucksäule 15.Atmospheric air 1 is drawn in via a filter (not shown) by a first compressor 3 and compressed to a pressure of 9.2 bar. After removal of the heat of compression in an aftercooler 4 , the air 5 is led to a cleaning stage 6 , which in the example is formed by a pair of switchable molecular sieve adsorbers. In the cleaning stage 6 in particular carbon dioxide and water are removed from the feed air. The cleaned feed air 7 is cooled in a main heat exchanger 12 to approximately dew point and partially liquefied and finally fed completely via line 13 to the pressure column 14 of a two-column rectification system, which also has a low-pressure column 15 . Pressure column 14 and low pressure column 15 are in a heat-exchanging connection via a common condenser-evaporator (main condenser) 16 . The operating pressures (each at the head) in the example are 8.7 bar in the pressure column 14 and 2.8 bar in the low pressure column 15 .
Ein erster Teil des Kopfstickstoffs der Drucksäule 14 wird dem Hauptkondensator 16 zugeführt und gegen verdampfende Sumpfflüssigkeit 17 der Niederdrucksäule 15 kondensiert. Das dabei erzeugte Kondensat dient als Rücklauf in der Drucksäule 14. (Eine Teilmenge des Kondensats kann bei Bedarf einer Innenverdichtung zugeführt werden, indem sie in flüssigem Zustand auf einen erhöhten Druck gebracht und anschließend gegen Einsatzluft verdampft wird; diese Variante ist in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt.) Bei Bedarf kann ein anderer Teil des Kondensats als Flüssigstickstoffprodukt gewonnen werden. Über Leitung 22 wird ein weiterer Teil des gasförmigen Drucksäulenstickstoffs vom Kopf der Drucksäule 14 zum Hauptwärmetauscher 12 geführt, dort auf etwa Umgebungstemperatur angewärmt und schließlich als Druckstickstoffprodukt 23 abgezogen. A first part of the top nitrogen of the pressure column 14 is fed to the main condenser 16 and condensed against evaporating bottom liquid 17 of the low pressure column 15 . The condensate generated thereby serves as a return in the pressure column 14 . (A portion of the condensate can be fed to an internal compression if necessary by bringing it to a higher pressure in the liquid state and then evaporating it against feed air; this variant is not shown in the drawing.) If necessary, another part of the condensate can be used as a liquid nitrogen product be won. Via line 22 , a further part of the gaseous pressure column nitrogen is led from the top of the pressure column 14 to the main heat exchanger 12 , warmed there to approximately ambient temperature and finally drawn off as pressure nitrogen product 23 .
Aus dem unteren Bereich der Drucksäule 14, vorzugsweise vom Sumpf, wird flüssiger Rohsauerstoff 24 abgezogen, gegebenenfalls in einem nicht dargestellten Gegenströmer unterkühlt, entspannt (26) und in die Niederdrucksäule 15 eingeführt (27), die in dem Beispiel als reine Abtriebssäule ausgebildet ist. Der Niederdrucksäule 15 wird flüssiger Sauerstoff 17 am Sumpf entnommen, mittels einer Pumpe 18 in den Verdampfungsraum des Hauptkondensators 16 gefördert und dort teilweise verdampft. Ein erster Teil 19 des dabei erzeugten Dampfs wird zum Sumpf der Niederdrucksäule 15 zurückgeleitet; ein zweiter Teil 20 strömt zum kalten Ende des Hauptwärmetauschers 12.Liquid crude oxygen 24 is drawn off from the lower region of the pressure column 14 , preferably from the sump, possibly subcooled in a counterflow (not shown), expanded ( 26 ) and introduced into the low-pressure column 15 ( 27 ), which in the example is designed as a pure stripping column. The low-pressure column 15 is taken from liquid oxygen 17 at the bottom, conveyed into the evaporation space of the main condenser 16 by means of a pump 18 and partially evaporated there. A first part 19 of the steam generated is returned to the bottom of the low pressure column 15 ; a second part 20 flows to the cold end of the main heat exchanger 12 .
Der im Hauptkondensator 16 flüssig verbliebene Anteil 28 des flüssigen Sauerstoffprodukts aus der Niederdrucksäule wird in einer Pumpe 29 auf einen erhöhten Druck von beispielsweise 8 bar gebracht und gegen Einsatzluft 7 verdampft und angewärmt. Die Sauerstoffverdampfung findet in dem Beispiel im Hauptwärmetauscher 12 statt. Der Sauerstoff wird schließlich über Leitung 31 als Druckprodukt abgeführt.The portion 28 of the liquid oxygen product from the low-pressure column that remains liquid in the main condenser 16 is brought to an increased pressure of, for example, 8 bar in a pump 29 and evaporated and heated against feed air 7 . In the example, the oxygen evaporation takes place in the main heat exchanger 12 . The oxygen is finally discharged via line 31 as a printed product.
Am Kopf der Niederdrucksäule 15 wird unreiner Stickstoff 32 als stickstoffhaltige Fraktion entnommen und im Gegenströmer (nicht dargestellt) und im Hauptwärmetauscher 12 angewärmt. Die auf etwa Umgebungstemperatur angewärmte stickstoffhaltige Fraktion 33 wird in einem Rückverdichter 8 auf etwas über Drucksäulendruck rückverdichtet und strömt nach Entfernung der Kompressionswärme im Nachkühler 9 über Leitung 10 wieder zum Hauptwärmetauscher 12 und weiter über Leitung 21 in die Drucksäule 14. Während die rückverdichtete stickstoffhaltige Fraktion 21 unmittelbar am Sumpf eingeleitet wird, liegt die Einspeisestelle der Einsatzluft 13 etwa 3 bis 5 theoretische oder praktische Böden höher.At the top of the low-pressure column 15 , impure nitrogen 32 is removed as a nitrogen-containing fraction and heated in the counterflow (not shown) and in the main heat exchanger 12 . The nitrogen-containing fraction 33 warmed to approximately ambient temperature is recompressed in a recompressor 8 to slightly above the pressure column pressure and, after removal of the compression heat in the aftercooler 9, flows again via line 10 to the main heat exchanger 12 and further via line 21 into the pressure column 14 . While the recompressed nitrogen-containing fraction 21 is introduced directly at the bottom, the feed point of the feed air 13 is about 3 to 5 theoretical or practical soils higher.
Ein Teil 41 des über Leitung 32 aus der Niederdrucksäule 15 abgezogenen unreinen Stickstoffs kann bei einer Zwischentemperatur aus dem Hauptwärmetauscher 12 herausgeführt (34), arbeitsleistend entspannt (35) und über Leitung 36 wieder dem Hauptwärmetauscher 12 zugeleitet werden. Das praktisch drucklose Restgas tritt über Leitung 37 aus dem warmen Ende des Hauptwärmetauschers 12 aus. Ein erster Teil 38 des angewärmten drucklosen Restgases 37 kann in der Reinigungsstufe 6 als Regeneriergas eingesetzt werden, während der Rest 39 in dem Beispiel in die Atmosphäre abgeblasen wird. A portion 41 of the impure nitrogen drawn off from the low-pressure column 15 via line 32 can be removed from the main heat exchanger 12 at an intermediate temperature ( 34 ), relaxed during work ( 35 ) and fed back to the main heat exchanger 12 via line 36 . The practically unpressurized residual gas exits the warm end of the main heat exchanger 12 via line 37 . A first part 38 of the heated unpressurized residual gas 37 can be used in the cleaning stage 6 as regeneration gas, while the rest 39 in the example is blown off into the atmosphere.
Zusätzlich zu dem ersten Restgasstrom 34 aus dem oberen Bereich der Niederdrucksäule 15 kann der sauerstoffhaltige Dampf 20 aus dem Verdampfungsraum des Hauptkondensators 16 teilweise oder vollständig als zweiter Restgasstrom 40 bei der Zwischentemperatur aus dem Hauptwärmetauscher 12 herausgeführt und nach Vermischung mit dem ersten Restgasstrom 34 der arbeitsleistenden Entspannung 36 zugeführt werden.In addition to the first residual gas stream 34 from the upper region of the low-pressure column 15 , the oxygen-containing steam 20 can be partially or completely led out of the evaporation space of the main condenser 16 as a second residual gas stream 40 at the intermediate temperature from the main heat exchanger 12 and, after mixing with the first residual gas stream 34, can provide relaxation 36 are supplied.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der dargestellten Drucksauerstoffgewinnung mittels Innenverdichtung kann gasförmiger Sauerstoff aus dem Verdampfungsraum des Hauptkondensators 16 direkt über dem Sumpf der Niederdrucksäule 15 oder einige Böden oberhalb als Produkt entnommen werden; auch die Gewinnung von Sauerstoff aus dem Sumpf der Niederdrucksäule 15 als Flüssigprodukt ist möglich, beispielsweise durch eine Entnahme aus der Leitung 28 stromaufwärts der Pumpe 29.As an alternative or in addition to the illustrated pressure oxygen production by means of internal compression, gaseous oxygen can be taken as a product from the evaporation space of the main condenser 16 directly above the bottom of the low-pressure column 15 or a few trays above; It is also possible to obtain oxygen from the bottom of the low-pressure column 15 as a liquid product, for example by removing it from the line 28 upstream of the pump 29 .
Das Ausführungsbeispiel kann leicht abgewandelt werden, beispielsweise zur Erzeugung eines stärker angereicherten Stickstoffprodukts in der Niederdrucksäule 15. Dazu muß oberhalb der Zuspeisung 27 des Rohsauerstoffs mindestens ein weiterer Rektifizierabschnitt vorgesehen sein, an dessen Kopf die stickstoffhaltige Fraktion 32 abgezogen wird. Mit Hilfe eines weiteren Abschnitts oberhalb dieses Unreinstickstoffabzugs kann am Kopf der Niederdrucksäule 15 auch reiner Stickstoff gewonnen werden. In beiden Fällen muß ein Teil des flüssigen Stickstoffs vom Hauptkondensator 16 der Niederdrucksäule 15 als Rücklaufflüssigkeit zugeführt werden.The exemplary embodiment can be easily modified, for example to produce a more enriched nitrogen product in the low pressure column 15 . For this purpose, at least one further rectification section must be provided above the feed 27 of the raw oxygen, from whose head the nitrogen-containing fraction 32 is drawn off. With the help of a further section above this impure nitrogen discharge, pure nitrogen can also be obtained at the top of the low pressure column 15 . In both cases, part of the liquid nitrogen must be fed from the main condenser 16 to the low pressure column 15 as the return liquid.
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