DE1934712A1 - Multi-disk unit - Google Patents

Description

Multi-disc unit

Multi-pane units generally consist of two or more panes of glass spaced a certain distance apart are arranged so that there is an insulating air space between the panes. The air space causes a reduction in the passage of heat through the unit as a result of conduction and radiation. In a typical known Porm of such a multi-pane unit, the panes of glass are through Edge spacer made of metal, which is on the outer hand of the discs are arranged, held at a distance from each other. The panes of glass are generally associated with the edge spacer Using a putty-like material, which has a continuous Ulm forms around the hand of the discs, so that There is also a primary hermetic seal. The edge spacer is generally tubular in shape and with an egg Filled with a water-absorbent clear material. Openings in the

Spacers allow the passage of air from the air space of the unit into the interior of the tubular part, so that the humidity of the air inside the unit from the water-absorbing Material is adsorbed. Around the outer edges of the panes and the spacer is preferably an elastic one moisture-proof strip laid with a layer of putty, which creates a second or secondary hermetic seal. To protect the outer edges of the glass panes, the finished unit is preferably also provided with an approximately TJ-shaped seam Cross-section provided.

A common method of making multiple slice assemblies of the type described above is to apply the putty layer which forms the first or primary seal the two opposite sides of the metallic spacer that rest against the inner edges of the glass panes come to attach. The spacer is then placed between two appropriately cut sheets of glass, which are then be pressed firmly so that the inner air space between the panes is closed off from the atmosphere. the The size of the air space between the panes is ultimately a function of the strength of the spacer and the putty layers, on both sides of the same.

A layer of putty or a strip of an elastic, moisture-resistant Material is then placed around the outer edges of the discs; this forms the second or secondary seal. Finally, a metal fold, such as a stainless steel fold, is placed around the outer edge of the unit. The angle, which the side parts of the fold with the middle part of the same form, is a little less than 90 °. When applying the fold the side panels are held apart so that the glass pane unit can be inserted. Jump after sharing the side parts of the fold back into their position and then rest against the glass panes. The fold is thus under tension held. The multiple disk unit described above and similar constructions are in the United States patents

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- 3 2 838 810, 2 964 809 and 3 280 523.

A number of problems arise in the manufacture of the units described above. One major difficulty consists in adapting this type of construction to the manufacture of units with non-linear curved edges; Man can be "standard units" and "non-standard units" in general differentiate. The former are simply a flat rectangular unit. Belong to the latter all deviating from the standard form. e units, e.g. B. non-planar and non-rectangular units and units with one or more curved edge parts.

In making both types of units, multiple sections of the metallic spacer material are combined with one filled with water-absorbing material and connected at their ends in such a way that that the outline of the unit to be produced results. When making a standard unit, four will be straight Sections of the tubular material are used and connected at right angles, so that a flat, rectangular spacer element the desired size results. In the manufacture of standard spruce units, sections of the tubular Material connected at angles other than 90 ° and / or one or more of the tubular sections are bent or otherwise deformed so that the finished spacer element corresponds to the cut or curved panes of glass.

It is therefore readily apparent that in the manufacture of non-standard units - compared with the manufacture of standard units - additional problems arise. In many cases, special brackets and brackets are required; special handling is necessary; in the case of curved panes, the metallic spacers must also be curved so that they match the shape of the discs. If concave or convex units are to be made, then it is necessary that the radius of curvature of the spacer element

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tes corresponds to that of the glass panes, so that the thickness is even of unity and good hermetic sealing can be achieved and on the other hand, the possibility is excluded that the glass panes be put under tension.

So there is undoubtedly a need for an adsorbent edge spacer that is easy to use for both Production of standard units as well as used for the production of non-standard units and slightly bent, deformed, connected or can be adapted in any other way to any contours of multi-disk units. Such an edge spacer element forms the subject of the invention.

The invention will be described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings be explained in more detail; in these drawings:

Pig. 1 is a perspective view of a multi-pane unit according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial view, partly in section in the plane II-II, the device according to Pig. 1;

Pig. 3 cross-sections corresponding to the cross-section in Pig. 2,

to 'from what details regarding further possible Pig. 9 embodiments of the invention can be seen.

In Piguren 1 and 2 you can see a typical non-standard unit, in which two curved glass panes 12 and 14 are arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, so that there is an air space between the panes. The glass sheets 12 and 14 can be tempered, colored or laminated be or have special strength or special optical properties. The unit 10 shown has a convex shape Shape and a curved upper edge 16, a curved lower. Edge 18 and straight side edges 20 and 22.

Your pig. 2 can be seen most clearly that the glass panes 12 and 14 · at their edges by a continuous drying

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Spacer element 24 are held at a distance from one another. The element 24 has an approximately dog-bone-shaped cross-section and lies on the glass panes 12 and 14 by means of a continuous film or bead of an adhesive moisture-resistant putty 26 on. Another Layer of moisture-proof putty 28 surrounds the outer edge of the element 24, the edges 30 of the glass panes and the edge parts 32 of the outer sides of the glass panes. The putty substances 26 and 28 completely cover the perimeter of the unit; they can consist of the same or different materials. A fold 34 with an approximately U-shaped cross section covers the outer circumferential edge of the unit completely and is used for Protection of their edges. The PaIz 34 is generally made up of several Sections joined together. Optionally, a strip can be used made of adhesive tape (not shown) lengthways with the EaIz and be arranged around the surfaces of the fold. A preferably suitable construction of the fold 34 and the type of attachment for certain non-standard units, US patent application Ser. No. 706 896 of February 20, 1968.

The spacer drying element 24 is the basis for the present one Invention. The element 24 consists of a water-absorbing desiccant 36, which is permeable to water vapor Matrix 38 is distributed. According to the invention, the water vapor permeable matrix 38 effects the required passage between the air space of the unit 10 and the desiccant 36, so that the moisture of the air in the air space of the unit 10 can be adsorbed by the evenly distributed desiccant. The material that forms the matrix 38 is said to be preferred not only to be permeable to water vapor, but also to be flexible and to any desired shape or contour at room temperature deformable.

A preferred class of desiccants for the purposes of the invention are synthetically produced crystalline metal aluminosilicates or crystalline zeolites. Particularly suitable zeolites

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are those described in U.S. Patents 2,882,243 and 2,882,244 "Linde Molecular Sieves 13X" in powdered form, manufactured by Union Carbide Corporation. Other squatting or adsorbents such as anhydrous calcium sulfate, activated alumina, silica gel and others. can also be used.

As water vapor permeable materials that form the matrix, are especially members of the family of thermoplastic elastomers, z. B. block polymers of styrene with butadiene described in U.S. Patent 3,265,765. A particularly suitable styrene-butadiene copolymer of this type is that available from Shell Chemical Company under Product sold under the name "Thermolastic 226". Other materials, so z. B. water vapor permeable thermosetting and vulcanizable products can also be used.

For the purposes of the invention it is only necessary that the material used for the matrix is water vapor permeable and suitable for the absorption of the desiccant. So that the adsorption on the desiccant takes place at sufficient speed, the matrix should have a water vapor permeability of about 15 g / 24 h / m ² at 38 ⁰ C and 90 # RH (RH = relative humidity), determined according to the standard methods for determining the Water vapor permeability of sheet materials - ASTM E-96-66 Method E -. The water vapor permeability should preferably be over about 40 g / 24 h / m ² at 38 ^° C. and 90 <£ RH. It is even better if the value is above about 50 g / 24 h / m ² at 38 ^° C. and 90 # RH. The water vapor permeability of the product “Thermolastic 226” is 55 g / 24 h / m ² at 38 ^° C. and 90 $> RH.

Materials other than "Thermolastic 226", which also have the properties mentioned above, are: polyacrylate elastomers, Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polybutadiene elastomers, Silicone elastomers, polyamide resins, urethane elastomers

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mers, epoxy resins, polyester resins, phenolic resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, Cellulose acetate resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and the like

example 1

An adsorbent spacer member 24 having the following composition was made in the one described below 'wisely made:

Constituent 13X Parts by weight Thermolastic 226 100 Linde molecular sieve 50 Soot (Statex G) 5

Compressed granules (pellets) of Thermolastic 226 were placed on a two-roller chair heated ^{to about 121 ° C.} The granules were allowed to soften for about 5 minutes before the roller mill was turned on. The granules were then carefully ground until a uniform pell of the material was obtained. Slowly powdered Linde 13X molecular sieve was then added to the sheet of Thermolastic 226. After all of the molecular sieve material had been added, the batt formed was removed and returned to the roller at least 5 times. This procedure of adding the material, removing it and placing it back on the roll was then repeated with the carbon black. Carbon black is used only as a colorant and is not essential to the practice of the invention. The finished product was removed from the roller and cut into 1.27 cm strips which were stored in a sealed container in preparation for subsequent extrusion into the desired shape.

A suitable punch is selected to allow the spacer element can obtain the desired shape. This punch is used in a Killion 100 extruder. That

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Vessel of the extruder is then heated to about 121 ⁰ C, while the punch to "is heated about 116 to 127 ⁰ O. The extruder screw speed was adjusted to about 2.5. The above-prepared 1.27 cm strip of the desired composition for the dry spacer element were then placed in the hopper and extruded into the desired shape.

The following properties are typical of Thermolastic and Linde Molecular Sieve 13 X.

Thermolastic 226

Low temperature flexibility ⁰ F versus

Young's modulus of 10,000 psi -

Tear strength ^a , psi (kg / cm ² ) 650 (45.7)

Module ^a at 300 j £ elongation, psi (kg / cm ² ) 275 (19.3)

Elongation at break ^a , $ 740

Deformation when tearing ^a , $ 15

Elongation / deformation 50

Shore A hardness. 45

Yerzley elasticity ^b , $ 78

Rebound of a Falling Ball, $ 65

Specific weight ^c 1.00

Melt index, g / 10 min.

G 90

E 20

"D" punch sample, drawn $ 200 / min., 23 ⁰ C; at 20 $ bend, 23 ⁰ C;

measured in an air pycnometer, 23 ⁰ C;

^d ASTM D-1238.

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linden tree Molecular Sieve 15X

Komin.
Pore diameter

(B)

shape

Schütt • 30th Adsorp density, (481.3) functional Ib./cu.ft. heat, (g / l) Maxim., btu / lb. H ₉ O (kcal / g H ₂ O) 1800 (0.9)

Equilibrium
H ₂ 0 capacity, χ
Wt .- ^

Adsorbed Molecules

powder

36

Molecules with an effective diameter

? er ■ £ 10 ngstrom

Kg H2O / 100 kg activated adsorbent

17.5 mm Hg 25 ⁰ O

Moisture adsorption tests, which were carried out with powdered Linde molecular sieve 13 X, as received, and the dry spacer element according to Example 1, showed that the desiccant in both samples at 60 ^° C. and 96 % RH had about the same percentage of moisture, namely 27.2 percent by weight, based on the weight of the desiccant, absorbed.

Table I Water adsorption tests

Desiccants

Increase in humidity in $> after 142 hours 15 days

powdered Linde molecular sieve 13X (as received) 27.02

Mixture according to

Example 1 13.81

27.24

23.28

27.26

27.18

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It can be seen that it took the desiccant 15 days for the desiccant to become saturated while the powdered material was received, as received, to be saturated in as little as 24 hours. From these data, it was calculated that not more than 0.3 percent by weight of Linde molecular sieve 13 X, based on the weight of the components in Example 1, are required for a multi-disk unit which has been at 21 ⁰ G and produced 90 i »RH and a dimension of 36 x 51 cm with a distance of the glass panes from one another of 0.6 cm - when using a spacer extending around the entire circumference of the panes with a size of 0.6 χ 0.8 cm - has a dew point of - to reach ^{18 0 C.} Furthermore, it was found that the amount of powdered mild molecular sieve 13X to be added to the Thermolastic 226 can be increased so that at least 60 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the constituents according to Example 1, desiccants are distributed in the Thermolastic 226.

Adhesive, moisture-proof putty materials 26, 28 which have been used with success for the purposes of the invention, are precured materials of the type described in U.S. Patent 2,974,377, thermoplastic materials, the in the Handbook of Adhesives, Chapter 36, entitled 'Hot-MeIt Adhesives ·, Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1962, and room temperature curable materials disclosed in US Pat US Pat. No. 3,076,777. Room temperature curable, cold flowable materials that, when cured, result in a structurally elastic bond are particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention.

FIGS. 3 to 9 show further embodiments of the invention shown. The construction according to Pig. For example, 3 is different from that in Pig. 2 construction shown in that instead of the cement layer 28 around the edge and the edges of the unit (Pig. 2) an_elastic, moisture-resistant Plastic strips 40 with a layer of cement 28 around the outer edges of the glass panes 12 and 14 and the spacing

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holder 24 is placed. A fold 34 runs around the whole unit.

In the construction according to Pig. 4 is like the figures 2 and 3 the dry spacer element 24 with ' Putty 26 is placed between the edges of the glass panes 12 and 14. A strip of aluminum foil 42 on which a cement layer 28 is placed around the edges of the glass panes 12 and 14 and the spacer element 24 and engages the edge portions 32 of the outer surfaces of the glass panes.

In the construction of FIG. 5, instead of a strip of aluminum foil, a pressure-sensitive adhesive strip 44 with a Putty layer 28 around the edges of the glass panes 12 and 14 and the spacer element 24 placed. It can be seen that the cement 28 on the outer surfaces of the two glass panes stops and that the adhesive strip is 44 "eggs wider is as the width of the finished unit 10 corresponds, pulled down and at the edges 32 of the outer surfaces of the Panes of glass is attached.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 6 is a strip of aluminum foil 42, which is a cement layer 28 is provided; a rectangular spacer element 24 is either extruded directly onto the cement 28 or attached to the putty after manufacture. The spacer element easily adheres to the Putty 28. The sides of the dry spacer are primed with a thin layer of rubber-based adhesive 46; the spacer element is then placed between the opposite edges of two panes of glass 12 and 14. The side edges of the foil are with the cement layer 28 attached to the edges 32 of the outer surfaces of the glass panes.

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In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a putty seal spacer element 48, which has the same or similar composition as cement 26 or cement 28 in the embodiments already explained, between the edges of the inner surfaces of the glass panes 12 and 14 arranged; in this element there is an insert made of the material described so far Dry spacer elements 2.4. This insert 24 is in the air space between the glass panes Link. A strip of metal foil or plastic 50 coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive is around the outer edges the glass panes and the element 48 arranged.

The embodiment according to Pig. 8 corresponds to the form of execution according to Pig. 7 except for the design of the insert made of the water-absorbing material, which is now described Embodiment is triangular and not square as described in FIG. 7. The sealing spacer element 48 is T-shaped, with the arms of the T extending over the outer edges of the glass panes, in the same way as the putty 28 in those already described Embodiments. With the one now described In the embodiment, the strip of metal foil or plastic 50 is not provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer because both the metal foil and the plastic foil readily adhere to the putty material from which the sealing spacer element is made 48 exists.

In Pig. 9 illustrated embodiment of the invention the dry spacer element 24 has a substantially T-shaped cross section. You can see that the element 24 has a rectangular foot portion 52 which is sandwiched between the opposite edges of two panes of glass 12 and 14 is arranged and keeps them apart. The sides of the element 24 are covered with a thin layer • Primed from a rubber-based adhesive 46. the

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Both arms 54 of this part touch the outer edges the panes of glass and extend a little over the edges. The arms 54 represent stops, with which element 24 can be properly inserted between the panes of glass. The arms 54 also prevent that the element 24 can be pushed further between the panes of the unit 10 than is desired. Otherwise the unit is the same as in Pig. 2 shown surrounded by a layer of moisture-proof putty 28 and a fold 34, both of which extend around the whole Extend the perimeter of the unit.

Test samples with dimensions of 56 × 51 cm were produced, which consisted of two panes of 0.32 cm of glass, which were separated by an air space of 0.64 cm by 0.024 cm. Each sample had an initial dew point of -51 ⁰ C or less. The results of the tests are compiled in the following tables.

Try high humidity

The test samples were exposed consecutively for 60 days an atmosphere having a temperature of 43 ⁰ C and 90 $> relative humidity. A sample had passed the test if they had a dew point of -51 ⁰ O or at the end of the 60 day period under.

unit 6th No. dew point . ⁰ C 60 days Remark Art 6th i to reflection 30 Days - 51.1 gene Fig. 6th 2 - 51.1 51.1 - 51.1 Test passed
the Fig. 6th 3 - 51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 Test passed
the Fig. 4th - 51.1 51.1 - 45.8 Test passed
the Fig. - 51.1 51.1 Acceptable

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Try in high humidity and changing temperature

Test samples were exposed to an atmosphere of 90% relative humidity; in this atmosphere they were gradually ^{heated to 49 + 1 °} C. over the course of 3 hours and then immediately and gradually cooled to −7 ^{± 1 ° C. over the course of 3 hours.} A sample had passed the test if its dew point by at least 300 cycles at - 51 ⁰ C or lower was.

unit

Dew point. G

Art

Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Fig. 6

No.

MHM

ΐθ 11 12

At the beginning 120 240 36 () cycles cycles cycles

Remarks

- 51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 passed the test

-51.1-51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 passed the test

-51.1 - 51.1 - 51.0 - 51.1 passed the test

-51.1 - 51.1 - 51.0 - 51.1 passed the test

Try ultraviolet exposure and different temperatures

Test samples were consecutively exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 500 hours. Care was taken that the glass transition temperature, measured on a sample Eckeder, 49 ⁰ C is not exceeded. A sample had passed the test when their dew point after 500 hours of ultraviolet irradiation at - was 51 ⁰ C or below.

Immediately after the completion of the ultraviolet irradiation, the samples were subjected to the above-described test at high humidity and various temperatures for a period of 60 consecutive cycles. A sample had passed the test when their dew point after 60 cycles at - 51 ⁰ C or less was.

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Ultraviolet radiation

Dew point, ⁰ C At the beginning 500 hours. At the beginning 60 cycles

Dew point, ⁰ G

Comment ^getl

Fig. 6 5-51.1-51.1-51.1-51.1 passed test

Fig. 6 6-51.1-51.1-51.1-51.1 passed test

Fig. 6 7 ■ - 51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 Passed the test

Fig. 6 8 - 51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 - 51.1 passed test

The dry spacer used in the experiments had the composition given in Example 1. How on Already mentioned above, this element had the properties of an elastomer. The use of an elastomer or flexible Troeken spacer element is according to the invention viewed as particularly favorable because such an element can be used both for the manufacture of standard multi-disk units as well as non-standard multi-disk units because it is easily bent, deformed, notched, connected or otherwise deformed to any desired contour. The test results also show that that the multi-disk units constructed according to the invention extraordinarily even under very difficult test conditions behave favorably.

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Claims (5)

Claims 1. Dry element, consisting of a water-absorbing Material in a matrix made of a moisture-permeable Material is distributed. 2. Spacers for multi-pane units, marked through a moisture-absorbing material, which is distributed in a matrix made of a moisture-permeable material. 3. Spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that the moisture-absorbing material consists of an adsorbent acting material. 4. Spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that the moisture-permeable material has a water vapor permeability of about 15 g per 24 hours per square meter at 38 ⁰ C and 90 fo relative humidity. 5. Spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that the moisture-permeable material has a water vapor permeability of about 40 g per 24 hours per square meter at 38 ⁰ C and $ 90> relative humidity. 6. Spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that the moisture-permeable material has a water vapor permeability of about 50 g per 24 hours per square meter at 38 ⁰ C and 90 fo relative humidity. 7. Spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that the permeable material is flexible Material is. 8. Spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that that the moisture-permeable material consists of a block polymer of styrene-butadiene rubber. 909886/1054 9. Spacer according to claim 3 »characterized in that that the adsorbent material consists of a zeolite. 10. Spacer according to claim 9 »characterized in that that the zeolite is a crystalline metal aluminosilicate. 11. Spacer according to claim 9, characterized in that the zeolite from a synthetically produced crystalline metal aluminosilicate in amounts from about 0.3 to 60 wt. $ based on the total weight of Zeolite and matrix material. Multi-pane unit with a pair of rigid glass panes arranged essentially parallel to one another, between their opposite edges a moisture-absorbing one Spacer is used, characterized in that the spacer from the moisture female spacer according to claims 2-11. 13. Multi-pane unit according to claim 12, characterized in that that over the spacer and on the edges of the glass panes also a moisture-resistant material is appropriate. 14. Multi-pane unit according to claim 12, characterized in that between the spacer and the glass panes a moisture-proof material is also attached. 1.5. Multi-pane unit according to Claim 12, characterized in that the existence. moisture-proof material both over the spacer and on the edges of the glass panes as well as in the spaces between the spacers and is attached to the inside of the glass panes. 909886/1054 16. Multi-disk unit according to the claims. 13-15, characterized in that the moisture-resistant Material also covers the adjacent edges of the glass panes. 17 multi-pane unit according to claims 13-16, characterized in that the moisture resistant material is a thermoplastic material. 18. Multi-pane unit according to claims 13-16, characterized in that the moisture-resistant Material is a hardenable material. 19. Multi-disk unit according to claims 12-18, characterized in that the outer edge of the unit is surrounded by a metal member. 20. Multi-disc unit according to claims 12-18, characterized in that the outer edge of the unit is surrounded by a link made of plastic. 21. Multi-pane unit according to claim 19, characterized in that the metal member consists of a metal foil. For PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa., Y.St.A. Γ Lawyer 909886/1054 Blank page