DE1491514A1 - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Description

DIPL -ING. H. KUUS BERNHARDT
MUNICH 23 - MAINZERSTRASSE «"

TAHIAB AiJSOCIATS5 Palo Alto, California Y. St. τ. America Electron discharge device

Priority ι United States of America το «8. JaIi US Serial Fo. 293,445

The jSrfindung relates ± m general nochfrequens- ^ lektroneaentladungseinricbtungen and inabeeondere a novel Alnriohtung, wire ■ 1t of tfleichaeitig vacuum pumped gsaamnelt ions and secondary ^ relektrcnen deflected "ground, so that the Rausohapiefel of the tube reduced, is and with a means for ' About what the vacuum of such facilities is made available, such as a? Jehrkaamer-KljBtrono3Billator.

The requirements for high-frequency electron discharge systems

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vie Klystronicasillators, for use, for example, as pumps in para-metric amplifiers and in airborne navigation systems * erden ls »* r sehlrfer sit BsxvjT **> f freedom from throbbing of output power · In post-frequency electron discharge units produced appearance results mainly from wild Changes in speed or dioht »de * electron beam · · Two main causes for the creation of houses ia ülektroneai- • beams are the presence of ions ia beam passing through the Collision of IrioÄx and Sakund'ir electrons bit oas particles in generated by the tube, and the presence of secondary electrons Ia beam generated by the primary electronea impact on such surfaces as the collector of the tube «so that · Secondary electrons generated and if no suitable precautions are taken are taken, are directed back into the main beam itself, so that there is a corresponding increase in the noise level Tube results.

Tie resulting from the presence of ions in the light beam Problems and methods su * Eliainieren or pulling out the lon · » from the electron beam are disclosed in US Pat. No. 2,963,605 and 2,991,591, “Fulfill these known ion eye techniques their purpose, however, does not provide the best solution to the problem in all cases, and the invention is intended to provide a better Solution available. For example, in Fig. 3 of OS-Patenteonrlft 2 9 & 3 605 is shown · »device ei» Ion collector attached outside the axis in the area of i & electron syringe and the main jet, which is an elec-

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+ ■ 3

Trischee field generated that extends into the main beam and therefore acts as an ion trap, but at the same time has an unfavorable influence on the main beam and thus the normal electrical Fmraa * * ter the tube in Tergleiofe old an I tube without ion suction electrode disturbs. Geneva Flg. 4 of the same patent earlft wira ice · ion suction electrode eymaetrieeb in the Knd drift tube a * g «cranet, ale optionally τοπ may or may not be biased on the outside. This technique fulfills its purpose, because of the symmetry of the sheet metal, the The resulting electric fields, however, add “second electrons in the main stream back to focus on what xaueeharaenBetrleb ^ is undesirable. The arrangement of the ion suction electrodes according to FIG. 1 This publication is “was adequate, but the electrodes are in place not in the area where most of the second electrons are generated and is therefore unxwecicm'iasig in this respect. The ion » Baug-Virkungsgraa is written directly old from the position of the ion suction electrode to a point of the tube to which most of the Secondary electrons are present.

In the π? Patent specification 2,991,591 there is an ion collector electrode

in axial alignment »with the central axis of the collector · shown" represents. This arrangement is syanetric and generates electrical Fields that focus secondary electrons in the main beam surüek In addition, the arrangement of the electrode iria & relektronen τοη of the ion eye electrode, so that undesirable Secondary electrons τοη of the ion electrode itself are generated

The invention eliminates all of the known disadvantages mentioned

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eagle electrodes avoided »and, moreover, an inventive act Sinriehtung work as Takuumpuape and T & kuummeter.

The Hefokussierung of Sekunderelektronen in which it is lanptstrahl erfindungege * 3es is avoided ₉ that a asywmetrieche arrangement with Bexug used to iltrahlachse · The Ionenabeaug- · * effect erfindungsgemftsa is characterized "by Maximum * the" the Ionensaugelektrode in the vicinity of the maxi bask Sekundftrelektronenprodukilon, n & alich is arranged in the iCollector, the interception of the main wire is kept small by the fact that the ion eye electrode is attached out of the axis. is connected to the outside line of the ion eye electrode and thus allows the Tekuuma la of the drill to be monitored. The normal electric taxameter of the fiShre without an ion suction electrode is not changed by the addition of an ion suction electrode according to the invention in the collector area of the tube, where the main beam is discharged. which ensures that the multiple secondary electrons generated by the impact of the lanpt beam on the collector are focused out of the main beam and directed onto the collector coil

According to the invention, a new type of direction for electron discharge devices is therefore intended be made available »with dar glelemseltig Vacuum pumped, ion collected around the SekmadKrelwJcts

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be directed so that the Raueohapiegel is harabgeaetst the tube, and the one means of monitoring dea yakuuaa in aolohan facilities forms *

BrfindungageaJfss is an aaywaetric xonena & ugal electrode in the KoI-lekiorbereieh a Ulektronenentladun & arrangement arranged »

• Age becomes inventions aaaaa an aayaairic ion suction electrode arranged in the collector area of an electron discharge device, which simultaneously functions as a continuous vacuum pump for the device serves.

Forner, according to the invention, an electron discharge device of the type mentioned is made available, with a vacuum monitoring device being operationally connected to the ion eye electrode.

Ultimately, an ion suction electrode is available in a pick discharge device, which simultaneously prevents secondary electrons from being able to do so »in dan j

alxl Ια Itereioh dea collector areaiehea dar Ilektrortgseinrichtung oinzutretea.

The Jrfinfiun.i roll will be explained in more detail on the basis of the drawing} ea

show t

¥ ± g. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a Zweikaaeer riyetronoMillator

according to the invention
Fig. 2 a r «reinfachea sohcaatiaohee circuit diagram dca £ lyatro» a aaek

BATH

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Fig. 3 the IocenkolLektorstroa (ik) as a function of τοη the ion Icollektorepannuag (So) for dan klystron after flgn. 1 «ad 2 ·

In Flg. 1 shows a novel filektronenentladungeeinriohtuag 1 "a two-chamber klyetronossillator, which contains a lomeagle electric arrangement 2, which is arranged in the collector structure 3 of the device. Since the "main vessel 4 of the tube" is the Kohlrauat "reaoiMLtorseitenwafid, the Abatiaateiariohto & ff 5, the Xlektroaentprits · 6 including the focusing electrode 6 '" the * ehüB0elf8r "i <each Slcktronenspritaen & upport 7" the insulating tube 9 The hollow drift tubes 10 and the Auag & Bfe feneter arrangement 11 are gate part-holding devices equivalent to the arrangement according to the German patent application T 21 93® Hd / 21g το · 23 · January 1§62 of the Aaßelderia. Ziae SohatsaM · ekxmg 35 is Torteilhafterveis «above the Abetisra establishment 5 * ■ the Reeonntoraeitenwaai eageordaet.

The collector 3 consists of a «one« main body 13 »as a precaution Copper »» it eiaer azialaa fiaaptbohruBg 14 οοώ eiaer dasu la angle arranged hole 15 "the su a suction" tutsan 16 leads "the" it a Sohotsdeekel 17 covered let. Sin relatir dioker Auci ^ ung »- Just 38 small bits of the mass of the collector body 13 forms a pathway and thus enables a KonyoktionekühluBg of the Klystron

In a Qperbohreag 18 and from the Aohse 19 cos SlettroaemetraMe A loaessaagelektroenanortnmg 2 »41 · eiae is exposed

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vacuum-tight · arrangement «it de» forms the inside of the ear and consists of an ion housing eic trod β 20, sometimes also a Korar, on which a button-shaped attachment or a tip 21 made of titanium sits. A clamp 22 aua itab.1 or the like and an old one of a flange reraehener ^ ineat 23 with a core insulating washer 2- \ _t vorzucaveiee aue clay to which a.: Ing 25 made of Korar or the like is soldered, unfaesen and met the Icnensaugelcktroöenanordnanj 20.

A soldering device 26 made of copper or the like is connected to the sleeve with a tap 27. A silastic insulation 2a and a pot-shaped i-: ilaatik-Xap »e 29 cover uad ecli'itzon the ion suction electrode arrangement 2. tJin> iik.roRapeeeter 5> is, as shown, on <i on Loiter 26

The ion suction electrode arrangement works as follows. I already explained earlier Ionemiau & electrodes in Slektroacn »

βr.ti ^ dun "aοitirichturiKe / i Torßoeehen" order, in order to reduce ionosaillationejt and the ear smoke and to prevent a cathodeaboebardie ις aIt ions that focus in the main stream.

8tort «rurdon, so that the lifetime of the atvthode has never been compromised. ^ Arrangement and construction of such prior art electrodes "ar Jedooh eo w ^v keeps, dn 's custody either a fault dea IrirnftrelektroaeaetreMe ·« ay the Verindorung the electrical Paraeeter the Eöhre erffab and / or a Pokuatierung ron secondary electrons in the Hemstatr "hl _t the The main beam and the "ear smoke * and the moreover a Xonenboabardierung of the Katkod · ¥ e"l>ke>"with ion electrode alignment 20 near the rfi & dung

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the · * Prableae by the fact that «ie 1« Kellektorbereieb. the tube · arranged is and because ·· eie aayaaetrieeh ait Btn «on * 1 · A «ha« 19 d ·· m * £ r «l« t: troaeastraal · lies. Above that · i «i dl« nektodeaelarlchtaa «20 aemsaraalb« * r Ach ·· »15 aag» ere * et, »· da ·· «ean general aar« laic · Prialtrelectretien aaf «1« Ilektred · order ffea. Al «la d * x KollektorhamptVofcrmn« 14 dur «h Ra» ml «d — f ■ • ff * kt «s« ratr * ttt

eztre «« lnfaoh «gate« paan «lnrleht« nc g «mS ·· TIg, 2 « lrd dasa

r «rvend» t,

dta Höhr «nceffi ·· su hold» in-d * a «iBfach« la part d * x> B «trl · ··· ■ rannuiig Kb acgtsapft, di · di · StrahlVpannoac ¥« stlaut «I · 1 ·% Equiralent d ·· Ioa «aetroa _for the old« la ·· b «r« aehna «alnatrua« nt _t «le dea" ikroaaperneter 33t In the tube, if there is a strong Aaetief in Ie VeI fat Be, let there be a little fear for a leaky tube.

Part of the ion pick-up electrodes are 20 la the KoI IeJe Torhaüptbohrun / t 14 ran, and the «lektrieehea field lines 34» the »loh la the Gtrahlnohee 19 and above hlnaue erstreekea, for the useful Part de · main rays nioht eohKdlioh, and ·· let deehalb no radical Xnderaag of the Fokucslerteehnlk necessary, among other things « Influence Bu koapenaieren, "at required wire, if aejaaetrtaeh · Ion «neaug« lektro4e la Dereloh of the cavities wSre, "All the necessary raywheelwlcua" takes place, "because the well-known Biarlehtuagea is the case. fur die Kr «« afuae ** · aaer- ioaea la Uektree ^ neatladunge ^ lariehaage "direct old" "r

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H915H

Looked! τβη collision «! svlaehcn Xlektronea and Oaaaelekfilea in the "er RShre in Beaiehaag atcht and wall 4er collector area, ve tor Hauytatrahl is removed, the area 1%" ia Ae * di grease l / elirheit of the secondary electrons is generated and Aaalt d "r Bercleh" in d «A di ·« «is« n ions «ntugt v« rd «n _v « rubs see tar * 41 «Invention by Aia disorder of the IaMnaaaf * l« ktr »d · in 4« a in the d »r main« trmhl meets, «in hefthter ^ rMd. T'Ar ^ bor hinmi · is fulfilled duroh 41 · "rfindunr" in · * osktion, ·· «« rd · «nimlioh di · by dn · bouncing de · iT» «ptatrnhl ·« rs «tt # t« it secondary «L * lttron« a therefore g «ktln4« rt _f la 4 «a ana ^ enatst ·« W «« hs «l * i? K« n4r0 ¥ «r« i «li der Röhr • elnsntretan,« a4 s « wr dnrch al «1j ^ '· of the electric field lines 34 1 * Xallektertoreiea, the aioh as · 4 * r L ·« · an aajasMtriadaen, negatlT forg ·· »-» th lOBanatoqpalaktred · la area 4er collector main BOfenanc 14 results 34 eorgen for this «aaa» a Ue & rheit 4er secondary relektronea »dl · dtaroh da« l «tf bouncing of the Raaptatrahlea aaf dl · copper colll« kterv ^r {ttd · er »eu £ t be» stmlmm the broken line 35 to the eltenvand are 4-Hauptbohrune 14 distracted •• rden _v wRhrend si · gleloluieiti 'cause daae ienen la tollektorbereich sucked Verdea. atlrker ion eagesogea and la 4ie Titenapitse embedded *% nn their potential INAER atüricer aegatiT is "v.ie by the characteristic Ιο / , -β geaüaa? ig. 3 we indicated d. At the same time, these ions cause the titas pit to crack, as will be explained below. The fcrf in dung results in a considerable number of days in the diet. 4ea Pri- • Iratrakla tvrea eiageetreate wilde Sekaa «Rrelektrea« a aa4 fi • ine essential Rerabeetsmng ren lenenoaclllatlenea 4areh 4aa

§09807 / 0622 _BAD

Presence of ions ia Prialratray, ao daaa daroh »« 14 ·? Er

Improvements "in" considerable improvement in the Rausohsplegela der

Tube is effected. Sine spit or a part 21 made of reactive materials such as

3trontium and / or titanium, zirconium or any other isergamgaeleaent of the 4th, 5th and 6th group of the periodic syateae of the elements of the ancient world, some suitable technique is used on the ion suction electrode device 20. Tosltire ions, which are sucked in at the tip 21 due to their negative potential, cause the material of the tip 21 to dissolve or erode, so that its molecules are knocked down on the Andes of the main collactor bore 14. Duroh absorb this · responsive Holeküle trap and Cetterfunktlon on ihrea eg? And sew ihrea liedereohla * · on the linden dee collector free Gaenolekille in the tube _t ao daaa a continuous Pumvyrozeae is obtained. Since the xoilector walls are at positive potential, £ b, the pure ions do not cause the reactive molecules deposited on them to be atomized again To deposit molecules such as oxides and zwitterions and the like dee Spitei wateriala on the collector flies, and the ·· reacting molecules absorb, as indicated above, Gaea molecules and evacuate alao continuously the doctrine. SeleetrerstXnelloa know "all materials that are to be serstiuet kBaae""ad Setter · ani Palleafunktioaea fulfillsea köaaea, inventionageaKaetwrweoiet

BATH ORIGINAL

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Ai

Fig. 5 Y «raaaakaia% t a * typieeh · Ittlki · Ic / l · fir ti · Wttam Mob. Pi". 1 ait T «np« un »| AMh / If. 2. 2a let lelefct ereleatlieh, Amis duroh Yertnderone of tension £ · the Io »o» «angaloa; trodsaj>1e> rlehtune 20 ait a titans»! Tse 21 su aegatlYO *. SfMAMB (PiA kin die iJlslclrodo less Sektindärelektrosem aafninat vmA Wgiaatt L »upt · iahlioh than Ioa« utba «« e «ae« ■ et% »itemt« i · tarah 41 · Ia4 ·· rmn # eier polarity aer Xe * K «nali »I · 4« rt * et «llt. £« r I «« «« tet all · • Ihlich to κ «· 1β ·« runkt «κ» sa is «wsnie« r «■, <« «mig« r •! • ktronsa dis slsktrisehm F «l« liai «im 41 · Kl * ktroM tO drin ^ sn. Badurch becomes Io kl« lR «r _t ·· vird jsdooh mleht r« «et» r «B4 ·· -.« tarlftl «af V1b4s · d« s collector well <1i · Kl «ktxtmiia _t di ·« «esmtlioh gmriMgnm b» b * n, «in · correspondingly smaller · Kenge des

teriel · τοπ der Spits «21 seretMubea · Veil Jedocb a« ftreffead · kundarslektroaen k »f Spit * · 21« ledenui S «kiuidKr * lektrea ·» vea

21 erKem <e & · f.ni) t the ϊς-characteristic «lla.Hhlieh a ·« «ie 1» g «zolg < _f separates larger · nee · tire Yorapan & aneem em the 3lek · trod · 20 created« »rdttii» « · 11 less and less seciMd & relekir · - ne ». auf die Spit * · 21 auf bounce, ao dee · Ie eatepreeaee ^ fall «,

«Eil venlcer am4 eeml« er SekiuUUlrelektreaeA «leather aageit» tkX% eeap- ^

The Ue will snf acaeisn _t daee this SrklFjrwnf theoryefc correctly let * the exact Meobealeaue kaaa Jedoen tatslohlieh ameore mIb * tmm itself «gf. to the other UbtareMhuae; umr »m« f » _t Aeieejk * am4 Abseugeffffekt aack der Jjrfindun * - ergeeea kanm. Ss remains JiMea 41 · Tatsech · bestekea that daroh 41 · erfiadma «asewAaae

vlr4 »

non be distracted wa4 da yakaua ilbervaafct wlr4

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BATH

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«• rtoat« or in fl * · 5 · * · fOMtlfettr Betrle »et« rel «h lereleh let« lnfaeh el »rÄproelaaWrdck« lter levaekelehtic «·« SeeraehlafapieUeeen * «1 higher aegatl * · * C m i« r H « fc »trod * 20 ·

came lrgoad

<uu varwmitt v «r4« a _r <1 «ferepeuwmne far £ l« ktro4 · 10 mi U «f« ni ff «it« r let βoff «n« i «& itli«) i _e 4 ·· »Al · ZoaMMa «ct *« taik «« eh 4 «r Erf in Aon« ßl »Ichor» ·! M «dt part cm j« 4 «r tiariohtwi« renr * «4et w * r4 * ek« a & ₉

•• ■ ehletoaifem α ··· ν · r # rm «r lun« 41 · g · «« · ClMctr ·! · 90 mm r «« «i« r «i« «tt M * t« ri * l » β · «« «« ·· * 1 · ·· fte 41 · Spit * · 21 ■■■ ·% becomes »instead of« »·· for * r« 6 · «ar um · IM · 4 ·» H ^ ktr · «·« It · 1 r «« 4 «n Ju & teriftl r» r * «h« · vlrd.

SIa Xveik »e * r-Klj» ti «nd« slll * t «r cnl · · Mf. 1« r * ·

ani 1> 1 1% 5 ⁰ Ki. e »prtift, slt · 1« «τ BF-lvacaaffvlvlctmt m 7 · 7

ir.tt, Λ tob 2,200 ToIt dWUhst * «·, ·!» «■ Strahlst * ·· Λ wm mt 46 « A Gleiehetro «,« ia «r H» lMpaaaiULf to · 6 * 9 Part «ai« l «« r It ₉ «as« heu 100 va4 - ^. 000 ToIt Gl · 1 β * · tree jpiatort awr ··· la l «r« l «hr« a 60-10 «000 B« Wl JO Part effective • af d · »ZeaeBkollektor eise · Svelkaawer-Oeslllat ·! ¹ · gtwMe "fl #> 1% tf 9m uad the aafegebenea elektrleehea Faraaetev TerveaAeti e" was ·! "· · TiUupits eesatst on the Ioaeakellektorelektrode * on" ar aaaCiflleh, Irgendveloho frefiaea ". eder A «tllt» itnatwel eiif— la TrKfor, 13.5 0Es * ₉ w aeeaea, «edveh verdevUieh« will, the »eraalea elektrlaehea IdhrenpareMter dmreh die leaeaeaaeelekttede al« ht Welmflveet verdea. Sart tar

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1A91514

da · Yollet ^ iiAlffe τοη any coherent preques »-" Tlρ · * ftufgrmnd by Tmieno * »illati» Ben Ie sideband spectra * tear Auej & ngafrequests eise · Zvelkjutaer-Klyetrt «eelllattra gnüi» Fif. 1 under "^ Trodennnor4n" n <2 "eeeeehtet, who worked on equal potentials, and the" stttistleekc leutohaa i "^ eitenbnmlepektru? * Was less than there" in a "llmliehen 7! Veik'.nmer">: ly "tronoeKllaam without the lcmenoeKllaam ^ electrode. £ e er »^ ab sich n.l3O dm * essential lier & beetaune both in« tatistieohen

n.ls nuoh i «kohKrenten Kauaohen at a Hoohfrei.uetix · discharge device through the use of an invented j ^ aaen -inriehtun ^.

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Claims (1)

AU atiBtitbi | ifl (ki 1 · Al «ktron» n «atleuSun | f *« in * ichtun « _t iaatocoad *! * ILlyetron» ait «la« «electron · trahl and« la «·« a «ft ··« «Aefc ·· aafoogle * Collactor, W. thereby c; «lc« nns * ieh »« t | da · «la collector« In · I * B «naa« fel «ktro4e * ur £ l «ktron« fiatr * hliieh · «« n ^ «orda« t let · 2 «rinrio> italic n ^ oh Ansrruoh 1 _t dadurob ^ ok« nns * l «his * t _v dft ·· little * tww» In Toll ί · γ loatnettVfvlAktroi · * «· · 1η · β Vat« rlftl b «st * ht _t d »· ntch alt Ion ·« od «r £ l» ktrea «am * r« tl »¥ * becomes ium! (mi mim J> ub »t * n« works. 3. 21arl «htu» in «eh laspnMh t _t i» * «r # JI fir—« ■ ·! ·> »· T, da ·« dl · X Hteh, wi · trontiu »uad / o4« r TIt »a, Zlr! C <m or any m 4 ·· 5 · «» 4 ί · Sropp · d iri 4 · 'ftnrlehtunir η »oh Antprmoh 1,? or J, iadwr · «dl« lOB «nMtte« l «k
let, da «s dwrei» d «a Atf meets« Λ— Wltktnm m ■ »fhl ·« el r # «I» li «k tonftai ·« BAD ORiGIiSJAL 909807/0822 ••• 5 · Clarified «*« wall · 1μ «der Antpyueh · 1 · 4« toävrvh a »Al · lwam» *% fl * k% T9t · «im ie« hle «0« i let · timmm 4 «r ümeyvCUA * 1-3 · «Μ · 41 · lcawi · lttyod · mean« μ I * · *! ««? ·· tor • ath & lt · 9 0 9 8 0 i? / 0 β 2 2 BADORiGlNAL