DE1094939B - Method of making a multiple pane of glass - Google Patents

Description

Multiple panes of glass generally consist of two or more panes of glass that are spaced apart arranged and completely fused together around their edge to form a hermetic seal to create sealed air space in between. Primarily because of their insulating property to act and prevent condensation, such units have proven to be particularly valuable for Proven to be used as windows in buildings, shop windows, vehicles and the like.

To produce a multiple pane of glass that has the desired thermal insulation and condensation prevention properties it is essential to drain the air space between the panes of glass. This is usually done by letting out the air, which normally contains moisture inside the unit and introducing dry air or gas under pressure. This process can be speeded up by removing the inside of the unit before inserting the dry Gas or air is partially evacuated.

To remove the moist air from the enclosed space and to introduce dry air for this purpose, after the panes are joined together it is necessary to have an access or vent to be provided for this airspace. After the room has been ventilated, it becomes necessary to hermetically seal the opening so that the moisture-free state of the unit is maintained remain.

A number of different possibilities have already been given for the access openings to produce the enclosed space between the panes of glass. For example, the access hole can be drilled or in the flat surfaces of the panes cut or formed in an edge wall during manufacture.

Regardless of where in the unit the vent hole will be located, it is necessary to have a type to produce permanent closure, which hermetically seals the opening.

It is known to first produce an opening in the glass and insert a metal sleeve into this opening, which was previously covered with a glass-like coating Is provided in the form of an enamel and then melt this order in the opening. The following applies here Although the advantage that you can easily close the sleeve, for example by introducing a drop of solder can; on the other hand, there are a number of disadvantages to be accepted.

So the glass-like coatings used so far, namely the low-melting enamels, have proven themselves not proven. During the heating process that causes the enamel to fuse with the glass using the multiple glass process for producing a multiple pane of glass

Applicant:

Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. B. Weir,

Dipl.-Ing. H. Seiler, Berlin-Grunewald, Lynarstr. 1, Dipl.-Ing. H. Stehmann and Dipl.-Ing. B. Judge,

Nuremberg 2, patent attorneys

Claimed priority: V. St. v. America May 23, 1958

Alfred Earl Badger, Maumee, Ohio,

Glen J. Lehr, Toledo, Ohio; and Warren Russell Kowalka, Rossford, Ohio

(V. St. A.),
have been named as inventors

disc is necessary, bubbles and therefore leaks occur, for example due to lead oxide or boron oxide in the email. In addition, the heat of fusion preserves the original properties of the Emails changed significantly, so that its physical properties change. For example, has found that the thermal expansion value of the enamel, which was carefully selected beforehand, so that it corresponds to that of the glass of the pane by means of rapid and / or intensive heating so seriously it is adversely affected that the seal is destroyed in the event of a temperature surge.

As a result, the known sleeves of this type had to be given a special shape that cause additional mechanical support in the glass bore, be it that the sleeves are conical are shaped or have a special support flange.

In contrast, the invention consists in that the metal sleeve is provided with a glass coating, which has about the same composition as the glass of the glass panes and then into the edge wall the multiple glass pane is melted down.

008 678/230

This basic idea can be further developed in various ways. For example, you can First mechanically anchor glass particles in the sleeve surface and then form a continuous one Fusing the coating to improve the adhesion of the coating to the sleeve. From the For the same reason, small amounts of additional metal oxides can also be used in a manner known per se absorb into the glass cover.

Further features of the invention emerge from the following description in context with the drawing. It shows

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional representation of a double pane made entirely of glass, with which The present invention is particularly concerned with

FIG. 2 shows the new insert in a cross section through the double glass pane along the line 2-2 of FIG. which is inserted into an edge wall,

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the various parts of a device for generating a completely made of glass double pane, which contains the new insert according to the present invention,

4 shows a three-dimensional representation of a vibrating drum or ball mill, as it is used for application the glass is used on the metal insert,

5 shows a greatly enlarged partial cross-sectional view of an insert with the glass applied,

6 shows a three-dimensional representation of an operation in the production of a glaze coating the metal insert and

7 is a greatly enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the metal insert with the glaze coating applied.

Reference is now made to Figs. 1 and 2, in which an entirely made of glass Double disk unit 10 is shown with a cylindrical metallic insert 11, which in a novel Way is coated according to the present invention. The hollow interior of the insert 11 forms the required access opening to the interior space 12 of the multiple glass pane so that it can be vented after which the insert is closed with a solder plug 13 to hermetically seal the assembly.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a way of closing the double glass pane of FIG. 1 with the coated insert 11 produce. A pair of panes of glass 14 and 15, spaced apart, are attached to melting burners 16 bypassed, which increasingly direct heat to the edge of the panes until they are flexible are. The heated edges are then passed through a pair of forming rollers 17 to make them in a known manner Way to gradually bring them into melt contact with each other and thus the melted together To generate edge wall. As the edge wall is progressively formed, leads you put the insert 11 just in front of the forming rollers 17 with the help of an arm 18 between the edges of the Panes of glass. When the insert moves with the washers in the direction of contact with the forming rollers moved, the glass edges are melted around the insert, around it securely in the edge wall to melt down. Fabrication is preferably carried out in an oven that is kept at an elevated temperature is, for example 540 ° C.

Although the insert 11 can be introduced into the edge wall in the manner mentioned without Experiencing a special pretreatment has been found to be a far superior seal can be achieved if the insert is in a state immediately before insertion into the edge wall the "redness" is preheated. In FIG. 3 this is effected by means of a burner 19. So that Reducing the possibility of the surface of the insert becoming contaminated with carbon particles, which could reduce the bond between the insert and the glass, the burner 19 also becomes preferably heated with hydrogen.

Experiments after making seals between glass and metallic inserts, as described above, show that in order to maintain a proper seal it is important that the thermal expansion values of the metal be close to those of the glass. For example, use of iron-nickel-cobalt alloys with success Inserts from ^A-T ickel iron or. However, the best results have been shown with inserts which consist of one of the following two nickel-iron alloys with the following approximate compositions:

Alloy No. 1 Alloy No. 2 Ni
25th
Si
S. 47.66
0.30
0.014
0.021
0.22
0.039
rest 50 to 51 (tracks
of Co and Cu)
0.20 to 0.35
0.01 max.
0.02 max.
0.4 to 0.8
0.08 max.
rest P. Mn
3 ° C Fe

However, choosing a metal with the properties you want is not complete Answer given how a satisfactory seal is obtained with a glaze-coated insert can be. Proper pre-treatment of the metal insert is also important; according to the present Invention is the composition of the glaze coating and the manner in which the coating is applied becomes, an important and inventive feature.

Appropriate pre-treatment of the metal insert can include:

1. Washing the inserts in a detergent or in an organic solvent, for example Acetone to remove oil, grease and other foreign particles that adhere to the surface, to remove.

2. Pickling the inserts in hot hydrochloric acid (about 25% aqueous solution) for about ¹ hour with frequent stirring to remove any abrasive particles that might be embedded in the surface.

3. Heat the inserts in hot hydrogen gas at temperatures of about 930 ° C for at least 4 hours to decarburize the metal.

4. heating the inserts to a temperature of 675 ° C for 16 hours at a pressure of less than 2 x 10 ~ ^B mm QS to all of the dissolved or trapped gases to be removed.

As already indicated above, the different type of glaze coating according to the invention is made of a glass composed which has essentially the same composition as that of the glass unit, into which the insert is to be melted. As an explanation, it should be mentioned that most multiple panes of glass of the kind with which the invention is concerned, from the usual soda-lime-silica-table- or window glass. It

it has been found that the best results are obtained when metal inserts in the vent holes of such Units are inserted by applying a vitreous coating of essentially the same composition how the blackboard or window glass is used in this unit.

For purposes of illustration, the following approximate composition is common Window glass specified:

Approximate composition of window glass

SiO ₂ 72.6%

Al ₂ O ₃ 0.9%

CaO 9.1%

MgO 3.5%

Na ₂ O 13.3%

Minor other oxides 0.6%

CoO O%

NiO O%

Together .... 100.0%

20th

When carrying out the invention in connection with a multiple pane of glass, in which the Glass has approximately this composition, very satisfactory results have been obtained by a Glaze was used as a coating, the glass of which had the same composition.

However, it has also been found that when oxide of cobalt, nickel and manganese, for example, in contained in any glass or glaze composition, there was a tendency that Property of the material to adhere to the metal was increased and that the inclusion of oxides of these Metals in the glaze glass, as is known per se, the adhesiveness of the connection between the metal and the glass can increase. As a result, a slight modification of the glass composition for the glaze compared to the glass composition of the glass panes of the multiple glass panes with which the glaze is to be used together, which gives the glaze better bonding properties, while at the same time reducing the coefficient of expansion between the glass panes of the unit and the modified composition of the glaze is retained as it was when melted down the metal inserts used in the units.

For example, the following modified composition has proven to be very successful, when used as a glaze coating on the metal inserts fused into multiple panes of glass should be where the glass panes used have the approximate composition in the have the form given above.

Sand 100 parts by weight

Dolomitic limestone ... 21.48 parts by weight

Limestone 9.24 parts by weight

Calcined soda 31.2 parts by weight

Sodium sulfate 0.97 parts by weight

Aluminum hydroxide 1.89 parts by weight

Cobalt oxide (Co ₂ O ₃ ) 1.36 parts by weight

Nickel oxide (NiO) 12.28 parts by weight

In addition to the different types of glaze coating, as described above, an important one Characteristic of the invention is a special process was developed to apply the coating to the metal inserts apply, which has a special mechanical connection between the coating and the Inserts results not only in connection with the special type of glaze coating disclosed here is valuable, but also significantly improved results when applying other species of glaze coatings including the previously proposed types with it, the hitherto did not give satisfactory results when applied by the normal procedures.

In particular, it is proposed according to the invention to coat the metal inserts by the to be applied glaze material is hit in solid form on the surface of the metal insert. Obviously, such shock application of the coating can be accomplished in a number of different ways will. It has been found to be a practical way to carry out this procedure can by putting a certain amount of metal inserts 11 in a shaker with pieces Hard glass of the desired composition is introduced. After the glass and the stakes had been knocked together for a long enough period (about 5 hours) the glass was pulverized, and it was found that the inserts were not only completely coated with glass particles or powder are, but that small glass particles are partly embedded in the surface of the metal.

For example, satisfactory results have been obtained with the following procedure:

1. A chamber of a ball mill becomes about three-quarters full of cut squares suitable glass (4.7 to 5.6 mm thick, 12 to 19 mm side length).

2. A number of metal inserts are placed in the chamber containing the glass squares, and jumbled for about 5 hours.

3. The inserts coated with glass powder are sieved out.

Modified composition of the window glass used for the glaze coating

SiO ₂ 66.7%

ALO,

0.8%

CaO 7.7%

MgO 3.1%

Na ₂ O 12.4%

Minor other oxides 0.4%

CoO 0.8%

NiO 8.1%

Together 100.0%

This modified window glass composition can be prepared by adding the following glass ingredients melted at about 1430 ° C.

An embodiment of a shaker or ball mill 20 is shown in FIG. she consists essentially from a cylindrical chamber 21, which is open at one end, this opening with a removable cover 22 can be sealed. The chamber 21 sits on an axis 23, which runs diagonally to her. The outer ends of the axle are supported by a pair of upright posts 24 and are driven by a pulley 25, which in turn is driven by a motor (not illustrated) is set in rotation. When the shaft 23 is rotated, the contents of the chamber 23 are shaken or mixed, causing a continuous pushing of the inserts through the glass.

In Fig. 5, a metal insert is shown, after which he the shaking effect, as just described

has been subjected to. In particular, it should be noted that small particles of glass 26, in part embedded or anchored in the surface of the metal, which is an essential factor for the improved bonding of the new glaze coating to the insert.

The next step in the process is to get the inserts that are shaken and coated with the glass powder 26 have been heated, so that the glass is melted and a smooth firmly adhered Forms coating 27 (Figs. 6 and 7). This can be done by shaking a number of inserts attached to a wire 28 and passed through a flame 29. The flame melts the glass powder, whereby the glaze coating 27 results. After the inserts have been heated in this way they can cool, and after being removed from the wire 28, they can either stored or used immediately. Another method would be to apply the glass powder coating in an ao Melting electric furnace under controlled temperature and atmospheric condition.

It is believed that the glazed insert of the present invention is superior to it Bonding properties obtained through the interaction of various individual characteristics, each of which Feature represents a remarkable improvement. First of all, the embedding of the glass particles probably creates mechanical anchoring in the metal surface through the impact effect, which is also retained, after the glass has been melted into a smooth glaze coating. Since the cover glass in has essentially the same composition as the panes of glass that make up the unit also the properties of the coating must be the same as those of the panes of glass, and accordingly results in superior adhesion between the glaze and the glaze slices. Furthermore is a third property, which causes the superior sealing properties of the metal of the insert has thermal expansion values that are close to those of the applied glaze coating, so that any loosening of the coating due to differences in expansion at elevated temperatures, as they occur when the glazed insert is melted into the unit, are avoided. All of these factors result in the creation of a superior insert seal into a glass wall.

Although it is possible to open the opening in the insert by various means known in the art To conclude, the most beneficial route, which will give the best results, is a drop of solder to be introduced into the outwardly directed opening of the insert, as best shown in FIG. 2 is shown.

Claims (13)

Patent claims: 1. A method for producing a multiple pane of glass whose spaced apart side by side Individual discs are fused together at the edge and have a ventilation hole in In the form of a glass-coated metal sleeve that is subsequently closed, own, characterized in that the metal sleeve is provided with a glass coating, the has about the same composition as the glass of the glass panes and then into the edge wall the multiple glass pane is melted down. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass coating is thereby formed that particles of hard glass are embedded in the surface of the metal shell and that the embedded glass particles are heated until they have a continuous uniform coating form on the metal sleeve. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the glass is embedded in the metal surface by bumping a lot of hard pieces of glass and the metal sleeves together. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the glass and the metal sleeves in one Chamber are brought and that the chamber is shaken to the glass and the sleeves crash. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coated metal sleeve in the edge wall of the multiple glass pane melted down during the formation of the edge wall will. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the coated metal sleeve between opposite marginal edges of the glass panes is held while they are fused together will. 7. The method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the coated metal sleeve is heated to red heat immediately before melting into the edge wall. 8. The method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the metal sleeve prior to coating is degassed. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that that the degassing of the metal sleeve by washing the uncoated sleeve in a Degreasing liquid, immersing the washed sleeve in an acid bath, processing the sleeve with a hot reducing gas and heating the sleeve under reduced atmospheric conditions he follows. 10. The method according to claims 1 to 9, characterized by the use of a soda-lime-silica glass for the glass panes and for the glass coating on the metal sleeve. 11. The method according to claims 1 to 10, characterized by using metal sleeves made of a nickel-iron alloy. 12. The method according to claims 1 to 11, characterized through the use of a glass coating on the metal sleeve, the small quantities of additional metal oxides. 13. The method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized by the use of a soldering compound as a closure for the hole in the metal sleeve. Considered publications:
U.S. Patent No. 2,795,018;
»Email« by Petzold, 1955, pp. 346 to 347. 1 sheet of drawings 1 009 678/230 12.60