DE1051572B - Process for the transfer of excess energy from nuclear power plants with gas turbines to the daytime - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

In the main patent application a method is described in order to use a nuclear power reactor as a heat source operated closed gas turbine system with the help of the thermodynamic Storage with water vapor as a propellant to convert excess night energy into daily energy; here the waste heat from the gas turbine, which occurs according to the Carnot principle, is compared with a Danipfprocess - accrues at high temperature, with exploited; it gives a high degree of efficiency the conversion, which can be greater than 1. First of all, it should be noted that, since the im Waste heat contained in cooling water is to be used to generate power, one is interested in a high cooling water end temperature Has. The cooler shown in the figure for the compressor 5 and 5 'will therefore be larger than usual in order to - with less cooling water - instead of the usual 70 to 75 ° C, approaching the temperature of 100 ° C without to worsen the efficiency of the gas turbine: the economic optimum of the overall system is to look for each.

It is in the nature of the process that only part of the waste heat is removed from the lower storage tank for "pumping up" to a higher level, because even with multi-stage suction from the storage tank (via expansion vessels) the compressor is too large due to the suction volume and compression ratio - as the difference between the compression and expansion gradient becomes smaller and smaller, it can become uneconomical. If one cools for such considerations out z. For example, during the charging period, the memory only went from 100 to 80 ° C, and if the cooling water was warmed up at the air compressor from 15 to 100 ° C, then only ² % of the waste heat was made usable. However, the residual heat can still be used in part without making the compressor and the upper storage more expensive, namely by simply enlarging the steam turbine, which has additional inlets in the low-pressure area: the lower storage is cooled in this way via expansion vessels that lead to these turbine inlets ( according to the above example from about 80 to 65 ° C) further. According to the basic idea, this process will also be concentrated on the time of high daily stress; Since the storage costs are very low for this, not only peak times come into question.

There is a lot of excess energy, and only for a very short time, for which there is an increase of compressor (and upper storage) is not worthwhile, so you can have a certain effect in the here sought Achieve meaning by keeping the temperature of the cooling water in the gas turbine during the over-process to transfer

of overnight overseas energy

of nuclear power plants

with gas turbines on the day

Addition to patent application M34000 Ia / 14h
(Interpretation document 1 044 113)

Applicant:

Dr.-Ing. eh Dr. Fritz Marguerre,
Baden-Baden, Bernhardstr. 44

Dr.-Ing. e. H. Dr. Fritz Marguerre, Baden-Baden,

and Dr. Ferdinand Marguerre, Heidelberg,

have been named as inventors

lets the shooting time increase further (e.g. to 120 ° C), whereby the overall process deteriorates and the excess energy decreases, but now - in - Water of 120 ° C collected in a special storage tank for use at peak times of the day, such as just described is available. The efficiency of this "conversion" is, however, poor, because it worsens the whole process of the gas turbine. Nevertheless, with the low fuel costs of nuclear facilities, such a process may be economically viable for a short period, in particular in combination with the main idea: because it remains to be noted that the fuel price becomes high because of the poor efficiency, the other usually decisive at peak current Cost factor, the investment costs, however, are very low, since only one turbine enlargement and the very low cost of pressureless accumulators.

You have it in your hand, depending on the selected temperature limits, of the excess energy that arises and adapt to daily needs. If one has to reckon with little excess energy, then choose the compressor case small, d. that is, the cooling water resulting from the gas turbine process cool only a little and compress the steam accordingly slightly and a lot of the residual heat of the cooling water directly during the day, as described,

809 767/148

exploit and come to efficiencies of over 1.

If there is a large excess, the sub-store will be used with multi-stage suction cool more strongly and compress the steam higher, whereby one gain more daily energy; here, however, the increase in the cost of the upper store due to increased pressure can cause a set economic limits. The conversion efficiency, which is over 100 ° / »with a small gradient, becomes smaller with increasing gradient, but always remains very high because the expansion gradient is greater remains as that of compression. A lot of excess energy is to be expected, so that it affects the efficiency the conversion of night to day energy is less important, the waste heat temperature becomes increase the gas turbine with loss of energy, any combination with the water vapor compressor is possible. However, a certain amount of daily energy is always gained.

If you want a lot of excess energy with good efficiency save, so you can, as mentioned, if the pressure in the upper store is increased, depending on the form of the load diagram, an economic one Push the limit. But you can increase the capacity of the storage in kWh either by using overheating storage - with reduction or cancellation of the cooling of the steam compressor - or build in a separate superheater. This superheater can be made with fossil fuels. Operate fuels: in spite of the higher price of these fuels, the more peak kilowatt-hour gained becomes very cheap because the additional installation costs, per kW much lower than with conventional plants, and the fuel costs with the thermodynamic efficiency of around 50%> the pure overheating remain low. Of course, it must also be checked whether this heat should not be extracted from the nuclear reactor.

It seems appropriate to explain the described method using a scheme.

In the drawing, the upper part represents the gas turbine plant, the lower part the devices for converting night-time into daytime energy; only the essential parts are shown. From the nuclear reactor 1 come the hot gases, for. B. nitrogen, and expand in the turbine 2., are cooled in the heat exchanger 3 while heating the gases coming from the compressor 4 'and 4 "and returning to the reactor. The two coolers 5' and 5" lead to a reduction in the compression work heat ( Waste heat) via cooling water coming from the environment 6. 7 shows the generator. This waste heat is fed as warm water to the lower storage tank 10 at the top. During the excess time - loading time of the upper storage tank - the water content is passed through the expansion vessels 11 'and 11 ", shown here in two stages, from which the compressor 12 presses the sucked-in steam into the upper storage tank 13 (with or without cooling) the steam from the upper store 13, possibly through the superheater 14 (or superheat store, which of course has to be switched somewhat differently) into the turbine 15, which drives the generator 16 (motor) Steam from the sub-storage 10 to, insofar as this comes into question. During the loading period (excess time), the cooled water from the expansion vessels is possibly fed back to the storage tank according to the displacement principle below, during the discharge period it runs off, as indicated at 18. Since during During the discharge time, there is also waste heat from the gas turbine, but the sub-storage unit, if applicable If it contains colder water than the cooling water coming from the gas turbine, the sub-storage unit will be divided accordingly if one wishes to avoid mixing. The same applies if the temperature of the waste heat ίο is increased during the excess time.

Claims (5)

Claims ·. 1. Method for transmitting night excess energy from nuclear power plants with gas turbines on the day with the help of the thermodynamic storage process, in which waste heat a sub-storage is supplied, from which by means of the night excess energy driven steam compressor directly or indirectly sucked steam and stored higher Pressure is promoted to from there at times of high energy demand in a steam turbine complete relaxation to be conducted, according to patent application M 34000Ia / 14h, thereby characterized in that the waste heat that goes beyond the proportion that is obtained by suctioning off Steam is taken from the sub-storage tank by means of the steam compressor, is further stored will or will remain to during the time of high Energy requirement via single or multi-stage expansion vessels of a low-pressure stage of the Steam turbine to be supplied. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the waste heat is not fed to the sub-storage, but is stored for itself at its full temperature and also at the time high energy demand via single or multi-stage expansion vessels is fed to one of the low pressure turbine stages. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal of the steam by the Compressor cooled storage water at the lower part of the same storage tank according to the displacement principle is supplied again, the coming from the gas turbine system, not cooled Cooling water is stored for itself or is mixed with the other. 4. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that at a particularly high Accumulation of night excess energy increases the cooling water end temperature of the gas turbine system, this warmer water is stored separately and used in the steam turbine. 5. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that by the memory provided energy is increased by overheating the storage steam, whereby the Overheating due to an overheating storage device or heat generated by the storage process he follows. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 898101, 617 648, 386 880, 269 521; Swiss patents No. 239 277,
114, 211358; Belgian patent specification No. 494 708. 1 sheet of drawings