DE10205623A1 - Secure system for small wall elements in building walls comprises at least two stops associated with a hanging device. Between the hanging device and the wall elements are buffers of elastomeric material, especially PVC or rubber - Google Patents

Abstract

The system comprises at least two stops associated with a hanging device. The stop elements grip the wall elements and secure them against the wall. Between the hanging device and the wall elements are buffers of elastomeric material, especially PVC or rubber.

Description

The invention relates to a fastening system for wall elements Building walls with a holding device attached to the building and a hanging device connected to the holding device, at the one or more wall elements are held on the side facing away from the building, wherein the hanging device at least two in the vertical direction spaced rows, each with at least two horizontal has holding elements arranged next to one another, in each row at least two holding elements from those on the suspension device supported wall elements resulting from operating forces, wherein the hanging device at least two horizontally running Includes mounting surfaces that are along the vertically spaced rows are arranged, the suspension device at least four, in front of the Assembly of the wall elements independently of one another in the longitudinal direction of the Fastening surfaces arranged holding elements, wherein the Holding elements have holding sections that are shaped accordingly Reach behind sections of the wall elements and prevent the Secure wall elements in the hanging device after they have been installed, the mounting surfaces of the suspension device as profile rails are executed, which on their side facing away from the building Take up holding elements that can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the rails can, and wherein the rails are designed so that they the Holding elements after inserting them into the rails on one Prevent vertical falling out of the rails.

Such a fastening system is in the company brochure "ARGETON® DIE BRICK FACADE "from MÖDING ARGETON® Ziegelfassade GmbH in D-94401 Landau / Isar.

Numerous fastening and hanging systems for facade panels are known from practice. The plate weights and Operating loads, for example from wind pressure or wind suction, with relative elaborate and thus also heavy holding and adjusting constructions collected.

The facade panels are usually hooked into a cross bolt a substructure attached to the shell. The Plate weight and the additional operating loads are normal on side-by-side bolt attachments with vertical Distances of a maximum of 1 m distributed. This was done from the previously applicable Concept of being particularly efficient and therefore inexpensive to manufacture. The resulting relatively high stress on the individual Suspension points require very strong and therefore heavy Frame constructions of the wall elements and also accordingly designed substructures on the building wall. The Strength design of the entire construction according to the principle that in the worst case, the plate only rests in two places. This is how it came about this kind of quite reliable but heavy suspensions that cause high material and labor costs.

In addition, the large distance between the suspension points leads to this weight distributed in a few points for assembly and operational reasons Deformation to larger plate bulges, twists and Bending stresses, which is the case with brittle materials such as stone, glass, ceramics and concrete Favored crack formation.

The large amount of material and the heavy construction of the conventional Fastening systems are required for sufficient stiffening of the Holding frame with the mounted wall elements in the attached Condition on the substructure attached to the building wall.

An improved fastening system is known from the German utility model 298 14 948.6, in which the counter bearing to the Hook through a vertical sequence of preferably slit-shaped Recesses are formed, the hooks are projecting, and in each row at least three hooks with the corresponding ones Counter bearings that are mounted by the suspension device Absorb vertical operating forces from wall elements. This intended to be a simple suspension of facade panels and others Allow wall panels that are lighter in weight as well considerable material and labor savings in the manufacture of the Fastening system a vertical distributed over much more points Has operating load absorption and thus overall higher stability and Insensitivity to vibrations e.g. B. guaranteed from wind forces.

A disadvantage of this known system, however, is that the Basically, the hanger is always fixed in advance on the back of the Wall elements must be installed before the wall elements together Hanging device can be hung in the holding device. The Wall elements as such are therefore difficult to remove and also not easily interchangeable.

Another significant improvement is that Fastening system according to German utility model 200 14 707.2, where the individual wall elements can be easily assembled and disassembled, especially in the case of damage to individual others Wall elements are interchangeable, in particular the Attachment device not fixed in advance on the back of the building Wall elements must be mounted and the holding elements in front of the Assembly of the wall elements can be stored in the holding device. This is achieved in the known fastening system in that Vertical profile rails running holding device are used, which on their side facing away from the building, holding elements in Can slidably accommodate the longitudinal direction of the rails, the Rails are designed so that the holding elements after insertion into the Rails prevented from falling horizontally out of the rails are, and with two parallel rails in one piece a T-piece are connected to each other. This well-known system but is only suitable for the usual large and heavy facade panels.

For smaller wall elements in facade construction where the vertical Panel height approximately 300 mm and the horizontal panel width approximately 600 mm cannot exceed due to cost and weight reasons vertical profiles with clasps for the Suspension as in the fastening system described above be used on the outer wall of the building.

The larger, within the framework of the structural requirements and the Economics still possible spaced vertically running profiles are for the smaller wall elements in the above described size range smaller 300 mm × 600 mm with horizontal Connected profiles in which the smaller wall elements are hung.

Such a construction shows, for example, the one cited at the beginning "ARGETON" company brochure. However, this can disadvantageously known mounting system for smaller wall elements a replacement damaged individual plates are not made non-destructive. One is Disassembly and subsequent insertion of individual panels per se its possible. To do this, however, must be at the relevant point used plates and possibly also neighboring plates destroyed become. Then the replacement plates in the area of The plate fold of the top fold has been shortened by a few millimeters so that the plates of to be able to lift in with the bottom of the foot. Rebuilding the According to the company prospectus, panels should be filled by filling the top Plate holder with silicone rubber can be prevented.

The invention is based on the object, a Fastening system of the type described at the beginning for small format Imagine wall elements that are as simple and inexpensive as possible manufacturable parts of low weight is built, and the one simple and non-destructive disassembly and assembly of any individual Wall elements in a facade made up of small-sized parts allowed without any problems, whereby individual Wall elements not compared to the originally used elements must be shortened or modified in any other way.

According to the invention, this task is just as surprisingly simple how effective way solved that the rails and the holding elements are designed such that a vertical movement the holding elements in the rails are possible, but the stroke is limited, and that even when the maximum possible vertical stroke is used Holding elements in the rails prevent the horizontal falling out Holding elements from the rails in one direction from the building wall away is excluded.

In contrast to the known fastening system according to the Company brochure "ARGETON", in which the holding elements face up can be easily removed from the rails are with the solution according to the invention the small-format wall panels each the overlying plate is secured, but without the "stacking effect" of the overlying plates, so that compared to the known solution non-destructive disassembly and assembly of any panels in the facade can take place, for example, to exchange, cleaning, or Repair. Likewise, from the assembled facade Holding elements (clasps) can be removed and replaced as required. By pushing up only the one above it Wall element is due to the addition of the two subgames in Engagement system the wall element mounted immediately below exchangeable without destruction.

An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred Fastening system, which is characterized in that the rails their side facing away from the building each have an upper holding section and have a lower holding section that the holding elements have upper contact section and a lower contact section, and that in the assembled state of the holding elements in the rails, the upper ones System sections non-positively on the upper holding sections and lower contact sections form-fitting on the lower holding sections issue. This makes it possible to create a horizontal one with very simple means Effectively prevent retaining elements from falling out of a rail.

To also when lifting a holding element mounted in a rail avoid violent removal in the horizontal direction in a further development of this embodiment, the maximum possible Vertical stroke of the holding elements in the rails is smaller than the vertical one Height of the lower contact sections of the holding elements.

A mechanically particularly uncomplicated embodiment of the Fastening system according to the invention is characterized in that that the holding elements are designed so that they are in a Installation position frontally in the direction of the building wall in the rails are insertable, and that they are in a 90 ° to the Mounting position twisted assembled state on the horizontal Falling out of the rails in one direction from the building wall are hindered away. Here the agraffes become horizontal during assembly inserted in the gap of the profile rail and then rotated by 90 °, quasi set up, and thus secured against horizontal falling out.

An alternative embodiment of the invention Fastening system is characterized in that the holding elements are designed as resilient expansion bodies, which in one compressed state head-on towards the building wall are insertable into the rails, and the assembled in a relaxed Condition of horizontal falling out of the rails in one Direction from the building wall are prevented. At this Embodiment, the holding elements are somewhat more complex designed as in the embodiment discussed above. That's what it is for Assembly even easier and due to the suspension and Spreading is a tight fit of the respective holding element on the intended location in the rail guaranteed.

An embodiment of the invention is also advantageous Fastening system in which the holding elements are dimensioned in such a way that in the assembled state for dismantling a wall element each directly above wall element raised must be, and thus the wall element arranged below against ensures unintentional lifting.

In a further, particularly preferred embodiment, the Rails with clamps on the holding device are preferably detachable, attached in particular by screwing. By using this Holding clamps is compared to known fastening systems for Horizontal profiles a thermally induced change in length possible stress-related distortions at large temperature differences be prevented, as they can occur in buildings seen all over the year. The necessary fixed points, of which the length changes go out, are freely selectable. vertical Spaces between the plates absorb the changes in length.

In advantageous developments, the clamps are hat profiles, preferably made of extruded AlMg or AlMgSi. Such extruded hat profiles are light and mass-produced inexpensively available in stores. They let the rails slide in Longitudinal direction in thermal expansions to easily.

An embodiment of the invention is also particularly preferred the holding elements as in the topmost vertical rail in a row End parts are formed, which are the top wall elements of reach around and secure against lifting. So that's an upper one Completion of the fastening system according to the invention guaranteed.

An embodiment of the invention is also advantageous Fastening system in which between the hanging device and the Building side facing the wall elements from buffer parts resilient, preferably elastomeric material, especially PVC or rubber are arranged. This allows rattling noises Attaching parts of the assembled facade panels on the building side against the fastening system.

An embodiment of the invention is particularly inexpensive Fastening system in which the rails are extruded Molded profiles, preferably made of aluminum molded profiles, in particular AlMg or AlMgSi. Such extruded molded profiles are available in almost any configuration for special applications, but especially also very cost-effective as standardized mass-produced goods available.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description and the Drawing. Likewise, the above and the others According to the invention, the features listed are each individually or individually several can be used in any combination. The shown and described embodiments are not intended to be final Understand enumeration, but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is based on a Embodiment explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1 shows a spatial, partially cut-away embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention in a view obliquely from above.

Figure 2 shows a schematic vertical section through an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with mounted wall elements.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic vertical section through a closure part; and

Fig. 4 shows a schematic vertical section through a row of five hanging devices according to the invention arranged at a vertical distance above one another and wall elements mounted thereon on the outside of the building.

In the spatial representation shown in FIG. 1, a building wall 2 can be seen at the top and on the right, to which an insulating layer 3 adjoins in the foreground and on the left, which is filled with insulation material and to a cavity 4 on its side facing away from the wall 2 adjacent to the rear ventilation of the building facade. A holder 5 is drawn through the cavity 4 and the insulating layer 3 , by means of which profile rails 7 of a suspension device are rigidly connected to the building wall 2 via a holding device 6 .

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the holding device 6 consists of a U-profile made of metal, preferably aluminum, to which the profile rails 7 are attached on its side facing away from the building via clips 30 formed from hat profiles, which can hold holding elements 8 , which in turn have wall elements 1 on their side facing away from the building , for example, small-sized carrier plates, tiles, tiles, small facade panels and the like.

The holding elements 8 have running sections which can slide horizontally along a running surface within a rail 7 in the longitudinal direction thereof.

In FIG. 2, one embodiment of the fastening system of the invention are shown in a vertical section details. A holding element 8 lying in the rail 7 can be seen horizontally from the side, and its running section bears on its side facing the building with its running section against a running surface of the rail 7 . In the upper part, the running section of the holding element 8 comprises an upper contact section 21 , which in the mounted state shown abuts non-positively on an upper holding section 20 of the rail 7 . In the lower part, the running section of the holding element 8 comprises a lower contact section 21 ', which bears positively against a corresponding lower holding section 20 ' of the rail 7 .

The maximum vertical stroke 25 of the holding elements 8 in the rails 7 , indicated by a double arrow in the drawing, is deliberately chosen to be smaller than the vertical height of the lower contact sections 21 'of the holding elements 8 , so that the holding elements 8 do not follow them in the horizontal direction even when the lifting is at the maximum possible can be removed from the front of the rail 7 . Rather, in the embodiment shown, the holding elements 8 are designed such that they can be inserted into the rails 7 frontally in a mounting position in the direction of the building wall 2 , while in an assembled state rotated 90 ° relative to the mounting position, they fall horizontally out of the rail 7 are hindered in one direction away from the building wall 2 .

In an alternative embodiment, not shown in the drawing, the holding elements 8 can also be designed as resilient expansion bodies which, in a compressed state, can be inserted into the rails 7 frontally in the direction of the building wall 2 , while in a relaxed assembled state on a horizontal one Are prevented from falling out.

On the side facing away from the building, the holding element 8 has two holding sections 9 , 9 'which engage behind correspondingly shaped sections 10 , 10 ' of two wall elements 1 and thus prevent them from falling out of the hanging device. It can also be seen that the holding element 8 shown in FIG. 2 absorbs the weight of the upper wall element 1 , which rests with its section 10 on the middle part of the holding element 8 . A facing section 10 ″ of this upper wall element 1 facing away from the building conceals the holding element 8 located behind it when looking at the assembled facade.

To avoid rattling noises and wear when striking wall elements 1 against the fastening system according to the invention, as in the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, buffer parts 31 made of a resilient, preferably elastomeric material, in particular, can be inserted between the hanging device and the side of the wall elements 1 facing the building PVC or rubber can be arranged.

The holding device 6 preferably consists overall of an extruded aluminum shaped profile. The rails 7, which are also constructed as extruded aluminum shaped profiles, are designed such that, in the manner of closed guide rails, they enclose the holding elements 8 used on both sides and prevent them from falling out of the rails 7 , but prevent horizontal displacement, in particular horizontal stacking of the holding elements 8 within the Allow rails 7 in the manner of a magazine. As a result, the horizontal guide rails 7 of the extruded aluminum molded profiles can be filled with the holding elements 8, which are also usually made of aluminum, as in the case of a magazine and shifted in pairs during the assembly of the wall elements 1 and after insertion of the respective wall element 1 by the horizontal guide rails 7 Weight can be fixed.

If individual wall elements 1 may need to be replaced, for example for repair purposes, for optical or functional reasons, only the wall elements located above them need to be raised without a screw connection having to be loosened. This enormously simplifies the handling of the fastening system according to the invention. Except for the fastening of the brackets 5 to the body-in-white and the holding devices 6 to the brackets 5 and the clamps 30 , in this embodiment neither dowels nor screws have to be used for the entire further assembly. This guarantees a constraint-free and thus flat installation of the wall elements 1 , which is particularly important with clay brick elements, and reduces the installation costs to a minimum.

Fig. 3 shows a used as a terminal part 18 on the upper or lower end of a row of rails particular embodiment, the holding elements used in the invention. The end part 18 only has a holding section 19 'and an extended running section 22 .

Finally, FIG. 4 shows a schematic vertical section of a plurality of rows of hanging devices arranged vertically one above the other, consisting of rails 7 and holding elements 8 , in which the wall elements 1 of a building facade are mounted. The clasps are dimensioned so that the top plate in each case secures the bottom plate against unintentional lifting. To remove the lower panel from the closed facade surface, it is necessary to lift the upper panel. This enables non-destructive disassembly and reassembly of individual terracotta slabs within a closed facade area. The top plate on the top edge of the building is secured against lifting out with the help of the hooks described above as end pieces. These are connected to the rails 7 with stainless steel fastening means. If façades are interrupted in the form of window cutouts, transitions or the like, the same procedure can be followed.

Claims (11)

1. Mounting system for wall elements (1) are supported on walls of buildings (2) with a fixed to the building holding device (6) and means connected to the holding device (6) hanging device, at the building side remote from one or more wall elements (1), wherein the suspension device has at least two rows spaced apart in the vertical direction, each with at least two holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) arranged horizontally next to one another, in each row at least two holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) absorbing the operating forces resulting from the wall elements ( 1 ) held on the hanging device, wherein the hanging device comprises at least two horizontally extending fastening surfaces which are arranged along the vertically spaced rows, the hanging device comprising at least four halves which are arranged independently of one another in the longitudinal direction of the fastening surfaces before the wall elements ( 1 ) are installed teelemente ( 8 ; 18 ), wherein the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) have retaining sections ( 9 , 9 '; 19 ') which engage correspondingly shaped sections ( 10 , 10 ') of the wall elements ( 1 ) and secure them against falling out of the wall elements ( 1 ) after they have been installed in the hanging device, the fastening surfaces of the hanging device are designed as profile rails ( 7 ), which can hold the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) in the longitudinal direction of the rails ( 7 ) on their side facing away from the building, and wherein the rails ( 7 ) are designed such that they hold the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) after insertion into the rails ( 7 ) to prevent them from falling vertically out of the rails ( 7 ), characterized in that the rails ( 7 ) and the holding elements ( 8 ) are designed in such a way that vertical movement of the holding elements ( 8 ) in the rails ( 7 ) is possible, but is limited in the stroke, and that even when the maximum possible vertical stroke ( 25 ) of the holding elements ( 8 ) in the p chienen ( 7 ) preventing the holding elements ( 8 ) from falling horizontally out of the rails ( 7 ) in one direction away from the building wall ( 2 ). 2. Fastening system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rails ( 7 ) on their side facing away from the building each have an upper holding section ( 20 ) and a lower holding section ( 20 '), that the holding elements ( 8 ) have an upper contact section ( 21 ) and have a lower contact section ( 21 '), and that in the assembled state of the holding elements ( 8 ) in the rails ( 7 ), the upper contact sections ( 21 ) non-positively on the upper holding sections ( 20 ) and the lower contact sections ( 21 ') on the lower holding sections ( 20 '). 3. Fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the maximum possible vertical stroke ( 25 ) of the holding elements ( 8 ) in the rails ( 7 ) is smaller than the vertical height of the lower contact sections ( 21 ') of the holding elements ( 8 ). 4. Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the holding elements ( 8 ) are designed such that they can be inserted into the rails ( 7 ) frontally in an assembly position in the direction of the building wall ( 2 ), and that they are prevented from falling horizontally out of the rails ( 7 ) in one direction away from the building wall ( 2 ) in a mounted state rotated by 90 ° with respect to the mounting position. 5. Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the holding elements ( 8 ) are designed as resilient spreading bodies, which can be inserted into the rails ( 7 ) frontally in a compressed state in the direction of the building wall ( 2 ), and which are prevented from falling horizontally out of the rails ( 7 ) in one direction away from the building wall ( 2 ) in a relaxed, assembled state. 6. Fixing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding elements (8) are so dimensioned that must be raised in the assembled state to the dismantling of a wall element (1) which directly arranged above each wall element (1), and thus the underlying arranged wall element ( 1 ) secures against unintentional lifting. 7. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rails ( 7 ) with clamps ( 30 ) on the holding device ( 6 ) are preferably detachably, in particular fastened by means of screws. 8. Fastening system according to claim 7, characterized in that the clamps ( 30 ) are formed as hat profiles, preferably made of extruded AlMg or AlMgSi. 9. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that buffer parts ( 31 ) made of resilient, preferably elastomeric material, in particular PVC or rubber, are arranged between the hanging device and the side of the wall elements ( 1 ) facing the building. 10. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the in a row vertically uppermost rail ( 7 ), the holding elements are designed as end parts ( 18 ) which grip around the top wall elements ( 1 ) from above and secure against lifting. 11. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rails ( 7 ) are constructed from extruded molded profiles, preferably from aluminum molded profiles, in particular from AlMg or AlMgSi.