DE102012217011A1 - Method for continuous tip leveling of e.g. loader that is utilized for reloading of different bulk materials, involves performing oscillating motion transverse to driving direction, and maintaining working plane of rakes at same inclination - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for continuous stockpile removal by means of rakes, harrows, scrapers and similar devices on loaders, reclaimers or excavators, in particular for reloading and / or mixing various bulk materials in storage space management as well as the device for stockpile removal. In the method according to the invention for continuous stockpile removal on loading devices by means of rakes attached to the loading device, at least one rake performs a pendulum movement transverse to the direction of advance of the loading device, the working plane of the at least one rake maintaining the same inclination during the entire pendulum movement. The device according to the invention has at least one rake, which is attached to the loading device in such a way that the rake (s) can be oscillated in a direction transverse to the advancing direction of the heap, the inclination of the working plane of the rake remaining the same during the entire movement.

Description

The invention relates to a method for continuous stockpile removal by means of rakes, harrows, scrapers and similar devices on loaders, reclaimers or excavators, in particular for reloading and / or mixing of various bulk materials in the storage yard management as well as the device for dumping.

The rakes, harrows, scrapers or similar devices for these machines are referred to in the context of this invention description only as a rake. Likewise, the loaders, reclaimers or excavators are referred to in the context of this description of the invention only as a charging device.

• – Die Schüttgüter im oberen Teil der Halde abzutragen,
• – einen kontinuierlichen Materialfluss auf der Haldenböschung zu erzeugen und
• – das auf der Böschung abfließende Material gleichmäßig den im unteren Bereich der Halde arbeitenden Aufnahmeorganen von Ladern, Schaufel- und Trommelrückladern oder Kratzerketten zuzuführen.

The rakes have the following tasks:

• - remove the bulk materials in the upper part of the heap,
• - To produce a continuous flow of material on the heap slope and
• - The material flowing on the embankment material evenly fed to the working in the lower part of the heap receiving organs of loaders, bucket and drum reclaimers or scraper chains.

Known are one and two-part rakes, which are arranged on one or both sides of the reloading machines. The rakes are attached to one or two carriages, which move on rails on and on the bridge or the main carrier of the machines back and forth and thus an oscillating movement of the attached, sweeping rake with their working tools parallel to the machine axis on the slope of the heap cause.

The rails are straight or curved. Due to the oscillating movement of the stripping tools or the rake in the embankment level of the heap a steady flow of material from the tip of the heap in the direction Haldenfuß and thus to the recording tools is achieved.

In the known solutions, the rakes are executed movable. The rakes of the rakes usually run on two rails on the bridge, which take up the vertical loads of rakes and wagons and are guided horizontally on two lateral rails. The lateral rails absorb the moment that results from the wide projection of the rake.

The rail spacing of both the upper rails and the side rails is limited by the dimensions of the bridge girder. The function-dependent wide projection of the rake center in relation to the limited rail spacing of the car results in extremely high wheel loads, which in turn require a very stable and heavy car design.

The contrary to the oscillating movement of the rake changing reaction forces of the material of the heap cause at the large distance between these and the rails on the bridge extreme, changing torsional moments in the car. Periodically changing deformations of the car and inclination of the axles to the forced direction of the wheels are the result. Wheel axles that are not aligned with the rails cause extreme frictional forces, impermissible axial forces in the bearings of the bearing wheels with frequent bearing failure, increased rolling resistance, progressive wear of wheels and rails as well as cracks in the structure of the carriages.

For two-part, arranged on both sides rake, for example, on a machine 4 Heavy duty data cart required with 24 2-wheel swingarms and a total of 48 wheels. The resulting masses must be constantly accelerated and decelerated for the oscillating movement of the rake. These inertial forces and the increased rolling resistance disadvantageously require large drive and braking forces.

The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and to propose a low-cost, low-wear, low-maintenance and energy-saving arrangement of the rake on the loading device and a method for moving the rake.

This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 5. Preferred embodiments are the subject of dependent claims.

In the context of this patent application is understood as a pendulum motion vibration on a circular path.

In the inventive method for continuous stock removal of loaders by means of rakes, which are attached to the loading device, at least one rake performs a pendulum movement transversely to the direction of advancement of the heap, wherein the working plane of the rake during the entire pendulum motion maintains the same inclination. With propulsion direction (removal direction) of the heap here the direction of movement of the charger device is called, ie the direction in which the loading device receives the material of the heap by your feed. In the storage space management find predominantly elongated heaped heaps use, in which case the longitudinal direction of the heap would then be the advancing direction of the loading device. With work plane of the rake here is the level designated, in which the tools attached to the rake intervene in the heap. Thus, the rake always remains in the same inclination to the heap and is moved only in this position on a circular path.

Preferably, two rakes perform the pendulum motion side by side. This is preferably carried out in opposite directions synchronously. Advantageously, the forces resulting from the computing movement, which act in the opposite direction (resulting, for example, from inertial forces and resistance of the heap), cancel as much as possible, and thus the attachment of the rake to the loading device is only exposed to low loads.

Further preferably, the pendulum movement of the / the rake (s) is driven by means of a crank mechanism. A mechanical crank mechanism is advantageously simple and inexpensive.

The process implementation is particularly preferably carried out by driving the two rakes through a crank drive arranged between them and a common rocker arm. This is particularly efficient, since only one motor is necessary and also the preferred synchronous reverse running of the two rakes can thus be realized in a simple manner.

The device according to the invention has at least one rake which is fastened to the loading device in such a way that the rake (s) can be swiveled in a direction transverse to the direction of advance of the loading device, the inclination of the working plane remaining the same throughout the movement.

Particularly preferably, two rakes are arranged side by side and are moved over a common, arranged between them, drive. The drive is preferably a rocker arm or a linear drive.

Particularly preferably, the two rakes perform the pendulum motion synchronously in opposite directions. Synchronous inverse means that both rakes move synchronously outwards (ie, move away from each other) and then simultaneously return to the middle (ie toward each other).

Further preferably, the drive of the rake via a common rocker. For two rakes, this is preferably arranged between them. Further preferably, the rocker is connected via an eccentrically arranged on the drive shaft coupling rod so that the rocker is placed in a rotational vibration. The rocker has two articulated connections with other coupling rods, which in turn are hinged to the rake. Particularly preferably, the rocker is approximately in a plane with the rake. Advantageously, the driving force is thus introduced in the working plane of the rake, so that in comparison with devices according to the prior art significantly lower loads act on the attachment to the loading device. The entire machine structure is significantly relieved by periodically changing forces.

Further preferably, the or the rake are pivotally connected to a switching matrix, which is itself hinged to the charging device. The coupling field is in this case preferably a planar planar structure, which is preferably attached to at least one of the loading device upwardly inclined in Vortriebsrichtung the heap directed boom at least two points hinged, at least pivotally. Particularly preferably, the coupling fields are hingedly connected to a boom which is preferably slidably mounted on the machine structure. Advantageously, the device for stockpiling can be easily attached to the loading device and optionally replaced.

Further preferably, the arms are attached via a linkage to the machine structure, whereby the inclination of the rake is adjustable.

Particularly preferred are the joints between coupling matrix and rake or switching network and charging device sealed pivot bearings. Thus, the penetration of dust and water and thus a premature wear-related failure can be prevented.

The ratio of calculation path and turning radius of the coupling fields is chosen so that only a small height deviation of the computing tools from the embankment level of the heap is created by the circular pendulum motion.

The rakes, which oscillate in a circle around the upper suspension of the coupling fields on the machine structure, are raised in the end positions. The instantaneous potential energy supports the respective deceleration and re-acceleration of the rake and thus causes a balanced reduced power requirement of the drive.

In a further preferred embodiment, the coupling fields are planar flat structures, particularly preferably designed as a supporting structure. Structures have very good static stability with low weight.

The rakes are thus pivotally attached to the bridge or the main carrier via coupling fields. The rakes and coupling fields form a parallelogram with the bridge. As the rakes are moved, they pivot on a circular path across the bridge axis at the preset angle of attack through the heap, but always remain in a parallel position to the bridge axis.

In all articulation points of the parallelogram only pure pivoting movements are performed around a rotation axis.

The introduction of force to move the rake and overcome the resistance forces of the heap is done directly to the rake.

Depending on the mode of operation of the machines, the rakes are advantageously arranged in two parts, in pairs, symmetrically in pairs and synchronously driven in opposite directions. The drive can be done mechanically by a rocker arm, an electromotive adjusting or linear drive or a hydraulic drive.

• – Einfach und robuste konstruktive Ausführung der ein- oder zweiteiligen, vorzugsweise paarweise angeordneten, gegenläufig synchron betriebenen Rechen;
• – Fahrschienen und Schwingen mit Laufrollen sind nicht erforderlich,
• – Wesentliche Gewichtsreduzierung der Rechen gegenüber den bisher bekannten Rechenausführungen mit auf der Brücke verfahrbaren Wagen;
• – Es werden nur die Rechen mit deren Arbeitswerkzeugen pendelnd bewegt; die bewegten Massen sind damit minimiert;
• – Bei der Pendelbewegung wird Energieumwandlung von kinetischer in potentielle Energie in den Endlagen vorteilhaft zum Abbremsen und Wiederbeschleunigen genutzt;
• – Die bevorzugten Schwenklager der Aufhängungs- und Führungselemente können mit serienmäßigen Dichtungen bestückt, abgedichtet und damit wirksam vor Verschleiß durch eindringende Verunreinigungen geschützt werden;
• – Bei zweiteiligen, paarweise angeordneten Rechen gleichen sich die entgegengesetzt gerichteten Antriebs- und Massenkräfte überwiegend aus. Eine Durchleitung dieser Kräfte durch die Aufhängungs- und Führungselemente der Rechen ist somit nicht erforderlich;
• – Nur geringe Reaktionskräfte müssen von der Brücke aufgenommen und in die Fundamente abgeleitet werden;
• – Da nur die Rechen mit den Arbeitswerkzeugen bewegt werden, ist die erforderliche Antriebsleistung auf ein Minimum reduziert.

The main advantages of the inventive solution are:

• - Simple and robust structural design of the one or two-piece, preferably arranged in pairs, counter-synchronously operated rake;
• - rails and swinging with rollers are not required
• - Significant weight reduction of the rake compared to the previously known Rechenausführungen with movable on the bridge car;
• - Only the rakes with their work tools are oscillating; the moving masses are thus minimized;
• - In the pendulum motion energy conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy in the end positions is used advantageously for braking and re-accelerating;
• - The preferred pivot bearings of the suspension and guide elements can be fitted with standard seals, sealed and thus effectively protected from wear by penetrating contaminants;
• In the case of two-part, paired rakes, the oppositely directed drive and mass forces are largely the same. A passage of these forces through the suspension and guide elements of the rake is therefore not required;
• - Only low reaction forces must be absorbed by the bridge and discharged into the foundations;
• - Since only the rakes are moved with the work tools, the required drive power is reduced to a minimum.

In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Show it:

1 the kinematic scheme of guiding a two-part rake;

2 the structural design of the parallelogram of a one-piece rake;

3 an exemplary embodiment of two-part rake for stock removal on a Trommelreclaimer, and

4 a representation of the drive unit with rocker of a device with two rakes.

In 1 is the kinematic scheme of a two-part rake 3 a drum retractor shown. The two symmetrically arranged rakes 3 are oscillating via parallel coupling fields 2 on a machine structure 1 attached. The coupling fields 2 are about pivot bearings 6 with the machine structure 1 and the rake 3 connected.

Both rakes 3 are driven by a drive between them 4 having an engine 14 driven. About a crank mechanism having a rocker (see 4 ) and coupling rods 12 the driving forces are sent to the rake 3 transfer. Both rakes 3 thereby carry out a parallel-guided, synchronous counter-rotating circular pendulum motion, indicated by arrows 15 is indicated.

The forces of the oscillating drive 4 the rake 3 Be more direct in the rake 3 itself and thus introduced as close as possible to the working plane of the work tools, so that no or only a small moment results from the offset of action and reaction forces.

In 2 is the structural design and arrangement of the parallel guidance of a one-piece rake 3 shown a pendulum movement 15 performs. The one-piece rake 3 is through the two coupling fields 2 spatially guided, in turn, via outriggers 8th on the machine structure 1 of the drum reclaimer 9 are hung up. An opposing counterweight 5 compensates for the load moment of the unilaterally projecting rake 3 , The propulsion direction of the loader is indicated by an arrow 16 shown.

In 3 is an embodiment of a two-part rake 3 on a drum reclaimer 9 shown for continuous stock removal. The two rakes 3 are symmetrical and are each made up of two coupling fields 2 guided. The centrally arranged drive 4 causes the synchronous counter-rotating pendulum movement 15 the rake 3 ,

The outriggers 8th are displaceable on the machine structure 1 and about a linkage 11 to the rake 3 attached so that the angle of attack of the rake 3 is adjustable.

Due to the symmetrical arrangement and synchronous counter-rotating pendulum movement 15 the rake 3 The driving forces introduced at the working center of the working plane almost equal each other, so that only small reaction forces into the machine structure 1 must be derived. The entire machine structure 1 is thus relieved substantially of periodic AC voltages.

The opposing counterweights 5 equal the one-sided load of the rake 3 and the drive 4 out.

The oscillating coupling fields 2 are sealed with pivot bearings 6 both on the machine structure 1 as well as the rake 6 attached. Other guide elements or trolleys for the rake 3 are not required advantageous. Open, unprotected and weary guideways do not exist. The life of the guide elements and bearings is thereby significantly increased.

4 shows a larger view of the drive 4 a device with two rakes accordingly 3 , It is on one with the machine structure 1 connected mounting plate an engine 14 arranged. At the engine 14 is one a crank 17 arranged at the off-center of the shaft a coupling rod 12 hinged, which is a swingarm 13 set in rotational vibration. The swingarm 13 is a rotatably mounted coupling member, at the other two coupling rods 12 articulated and off-center of the fulcrum are arranged, which in turn articulates with the two rakes 3 are connected and initiate the driving forces there directly.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

machine structure

2

switching matrix

3

rake

4

drive

5

counterweight

6

 pivot bearing

8th

 boom

9

 Drum reclaimer

10

 landing gear

11

 linkage

12

 coupling rod

13

 wing

14

 engine

15

 pendulum

16

 Driving direction of the charging device

17

crank

Claims (13)

Method for continuous stock removal on loading devices by means of rakes ( 3 ) which are attached to the loading device, characterized in that at least one rake a pendulum movement ( 15 ) transversely to the direction of advance ( 16 ) performs the loading device, wherein the working plane of the at least one rake ( 3 ) during the entire pendulum movement ( 15 ) maintains the same inclination. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that two rakes ( 3 ) the pendulum movement ( 15 ) with respect to the direction of advance ( 16 ) of the heap run side by side and synchronously in opposite directions. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pendulum movement ( 15 ) the rake ( 3 ) is effected by means of a crank mechanism. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive both rake ( 3 ) by an arranged between them crank mechanism ( 17 ) and a common rocker ( 13 ) he follows. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one rake ( 3 ) is attached to the loading device in such a way that the rake (s) ( 3 ) in a direction transverse to the advancing direction ( 16 ) of the heap is / are floatable, the inclination of the working plane of the rake ( 3 ) stays the same throughout the movement. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that two rakes ( 3 ) are arranged side by side and via a common drive arranged between them ( 4 ) are moved. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the two rake ( 3 ) perform the pendulum movement in opposite directions. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive ( 4 ) of the two rakes on a common, arranged between them rocker ( 13 ) he follows. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the pendulum movement by means of a crank mechanism ( 17 ) is produced. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the point for introducing the driving forces in the rake ( 3 ) in the immediate vicinity of the centroid of the working tools of the rake ( 3 ) lies. Device according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the / the rake ( 3 ) hinged with coupling fields ( 2 ), which in turn are hinged to the structure ( 1 ) of the loading device are attached. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the articulated connections between coupling fields ( 2 ) and rake ( 3 ) or coupling fields ( 2 ) and structure ( 1 ) the loader sealed pivot bearing ( 6 ) are. Device according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the coupling fields ( 2 ) a planar flat structure, in particular a supporting structure, for suspending the rake ( 3 ) are.

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