DE10163421A1 - Use of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol as an anti-emetic - Google Patents
Use of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol as an anti-emeticInfo
- Publication number
- DE10163421A1 DE10163421A1 DE10163421A DE10163421A DE10163421A1 DE 10163421 A1 DE10163421 A1 DE 10163421A1 DE 10163421 A DE10163421 A DE 10163421A DE 10163421 A DE10163421 A DE 10163421A DE 10163421 A1 DE10163421 A1 DE 10163421A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- active ingredient
- dimethylamino
- phenol
- ethyl
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- KWTWDQCKEHXFFR-RISCZKNCSA-N 3-[(2s,3s)-1-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpentan-3-yl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)C[C@@H](C)[C@H](CC)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 KWTWDQCKEHXFFR-RISCZKNCSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000003474 anti-emetic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000002111 antiemetic agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 206010028813 Nausea Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008693 nausea Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N (R,R)-tramadol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC([C@]2(O)[C@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002428 fentanyl Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004380 tramadol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N tramadol Natural products COC1=CC=CC([C@@]2(O)[C@@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N buprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11CC[C@]3([C@H](C1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C)OC)CN2CC1CC1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N dextilidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[C@@]1(C(=O)OCC)CCC=C[C@H]1N(C)C WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N hydromorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@H]23)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 17
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N (3r)-9-methyl-3-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1h-carbazol-4-one Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C[C@@H]1C(=O)C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)N2C)=C2CC1 FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AUVVAXYIELKVAI-CKBKHPSWSA-N emetine Chemical compound N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2[C@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@@H]1CC AUVVAXYIELKVAI-CKBKHPSWSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229940125683 antiemetic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229950007840 bemesetron Drugs 0.000 description 4
- MNJNPLVXBISNSX-WDNDVIMCSA-N bemesetron Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 MNJNPLVXBISNSX-WDNDVIMCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002895 emetic Substances 0.000 description 4
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- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940005483 opioid analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 4
- -1 plasters Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003369 serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004916 vomit Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003210 dopamine receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/137—Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/08—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for nausea, cinetosis or vertigo; Antiemetics
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol zur Herstellung eines Antiemetikums und antiemetisch wirksame pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen, die neben einem oder mehreren pharmazeutischen Hilfsstoffen (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol als einen Wirkstoff und gegebenenfalls einen weiteren Arzneimittel-Wirkstoff umfassen.The present invention relates to the use of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol for the preparation of an antiemetic and antiemetically active pharmaceutical compositions, in addition to one or more pharmaceutical excipients (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol as an active ingredient and optionally a further active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol zur Herstellung eines Antiemetikums und antiemetisch wirksame pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen, die neben einem oder mehreren pharmazeutischen Hilfsstoffen (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol als einen Wirkstoff und gegebenenfalls einen weiteren Arzneimittel- Wirkstoff umfassen. The present invention relates to the use of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol for the preparation of a Antiemetic and anti-emetic pharmaceutical Compositions in addition to one or more pharmaceutical Excipients (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol as an active ingredient and possibly another pharmaceutical Include active ingredient.
Übelkeit (Nausea) und Erbrechen (Emesis) treten im Zusammenhang mit zahlreichen Erkrankungen auf oder werden als unerwünschte Nebenwirkung bei der Arzneimitteltherapie z. B. durch Opioidanalgetika (A. L. Kovac, Drugs (2000), 59 (2), 213-243), Narkosemittel (M. R. Tramèr et al., BMJ (1997), 314, 1088-1092) oder Cytostatika (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234) hervorgerufen. Sie werden von den Betroffenen subjektiv als äußerst unangenehm empfunden und führen - sofern sie als Nebenwirkung einer Arzneimitteltherapie auftreten - nicht selten zu einer schlechten Patienten-Compliance, wenn nicht gar zum Abbruch der Therapie durch den Behandelten. Nausea and vomiting are associated with numerous diseases or are considered undesirable Side effect in drug therapy e.g. B. by opioid analgesics (A. L. Kovac, Drugs (2000), 59 (2), 213-243), anesthetics (M.R. Tramèr et al., BMJ (1997), 314, 1088-1092) or cytostatics (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234). They are from the Subjectively perceived as extremely uncomfortable and lead - if they occur as a side effect of drug therapy - not rarely poor patient compliance, if not complete Cancellation of therapy by the patient.
Für die Behandlung von Nausea und/oder Emesis sind Medikamente aus unterschiedlichen Wirkstoffgruppen gebräuchlich; beispielhaft können Anticholinergika, Dopaminantagonisten, Antihistaminika, 5HT3- Antagonisten und Corticoide (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; A. L. Kovac, Drugs (2000), 59 (2), 213-243) genannt werden. For the treatment of nausea and / or emesis, drugs from different groups of active ingredients are used; for example, anticholinergics, dopamine antagonists, antihistamines, 5HT 3 antagonists and corticoids (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; AL Kovac, Drugs (2000), 59 (2) , 213-243).
Besonders große therapeutische Probleme bereitet die Behandlung von Übelkeit und Erbrechen im Zusammenhang mit der Krebstherapie mit Cytostatika, insbesondere mit Cisplatin; hier haben sich die 5HT3- Antagonisten als Therapiestandard etabliert (M. S. Aapro, Drugs (1991), 42 (4), 551-568). Da jedoch auch deren Wirksamkeit häufig unbefriedigend ist, besteht weiterhin - insbesondere für die die Krebsbehandlung mit Cisplatin begleitende Prophylaxe und Therapie von Nausea und Emesis - ein bedeutender Bedarf an weiteren Antiemetika (R. E. Gregory, D. S. Ettinger, Drugs (1998), 55 (2), 173-189). Auch die in der Literatur diskutierte antiemetische Wirkung von Fentanyl (N. M. Barnes et al., Neuropharmacology (1991), 30 (10), 1073-1083; T. R. Manullang et al., Anest. Analg. (2000), 90, 1162-1166) hat sich insgesamt als wenig befriedigend erwiesen (G. Mantovani et al., Anticancer Research (1999), 19, 3495-3502). The treatment of nausea and vomiting in connection with cancer therapy with cytostatics, in particular with cisplatin, poses particularly great therapeutic problems; here the 5HT 3 antagonists have established themselves as the therapy standard (MS Aapro, Drugs (1991), 42 (4), 551-568). However, since their effectiveness is often unsatisfactory, there is still a significant need for further antiemetics, in particular for the prophylaxis and therapy of nausea and emesis accompanying cancer treatment with cisplatin (RE Gregory, DS Ettinger, Drugs (1998), 55 (2) , 173-189). The antiemetic activity of fentanyl (NM Barnes et al., Neuropharmacology (1991), 30 (10), 1073-1083; TR Manullang et al., Anest. Analg. (2000), 90, 1162-1166 ) has proven to be unsatisfactory overall (G. Mantovani et al., Anticancer Research (1999), 19, 3495-3502).
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher als eine Aufgabe zugrunde, weitere antiemetisch wirksame Medikamente zur Verfügung zu stellen. The present invention is therefore based on one object, others to provide antiemetically effective drugs.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Verwendung von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol in Form seiner Base oder in Form eines seiner physiologisch verträglichen Salze und/oder Solvate zur Herstellung eines Medikaments zur Prävention und/oder Therapie von Übelkeit und/oder Erbrechen. This object is achieved by using (+) - ( 1 S, 2 S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol in the form of its base or in the form of one of its physiologically tolerable salts and / or Solvate for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention and / or therapy of nausea and / or vomiting.
(+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol (Formel (I))
ist aus der EP 0 693 475 A1 als ein stark und zentral wirksames
Analgetikum bekannt, dessen Wirkung zumindest teilweise durch seine
Bindung an µ-Rezeptoren erklärt werden kann. In dieser Hinsicht ähnelt die
Verbindung Opioidanalgetika wie z. B. Morphin. Im Zusammenhang mit der
vorliegenden Erfindung wird (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-
methyl-propyl)phenol auch als "Wirkstoff (I)" bezeichnet, was sich nicht nur
auf die freie Base, sondern ebenso auf eines ihrer physiologisch
verträglichen Salze und/oder Solvate bezieht.
(+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol (formula (I))
is known from EP 0 693 475 A1 as a strong and centrally acting analgesic, the effect of which can be at least partially explained by its binding to μ-receptors. In this regard, the compound is similar to opioid analgesics such as. B. Morphine. In connection with the present invention, (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol is also referred to as "active ingredient (I)", which does not only refer to the free base, but also relates to one of its physiologically tolerable salts and / or solvates.
Überraschenderweise hat sich nun gezeigt, daß (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol im Gegensatz zu Morphin (und vielen anderen Opioidanalgetika) nicht nur nicht emetisch wirkt, d. h. weder Übelkeit noch Erbrechen auslöst, sondern darüber hinaus antiemetisch wirkt, d. h. die emetische Wirkung von bekannten Emesis- Auslösern wie Morphin oder Emetin (Ipecacuanha-Extrakt) aufhebt. Diese antiemetische Wirkung findet sich nicht nur bei relativ hohen Dosen, sondern über den gesamten untersuchten Dosisbereich, also auch bei Verabreichung geringer Dosen. Surprisingly, it has now been shown that (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol in contrast to morphine (and many other opioid analgesics) not only does not have an emetic effect, d. H. does not cause nausea or vomiting, but beyond has an anti-emetic effect, d. H. the emetic effect of known emesis Triggers like morphine or emetin (Ipecacuanha extract) cancels out. This antiemetic effects are not only found at relatively high doses, but over the entire investigated dose range, i.e. also for Administration of low doses.
Diese Ergebnisse werden u. a. durch Untersuchungen an Frettchen, einem Standard-Modell zum Nachweis emetischer und antiemetischer Wirkeigenschaften (s. z. B. C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; C. J. Gardner et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), 116, 3158-3163), erhalten. Bei intraperitonealer (i. p.) Verabreichung einer wäßrigen Lösung von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol (in Form des Hydrochlorids) an Frettchen ruft der Wirkstoff in dem untersuchten Dosisbereich von 0,01 bis 10 mg Wirkstoff/kg Körpergewicht (kurz: mg/kg) weder Würgereize noch echtes Erbrechen hervor. Derselbe Befund ergibt sich bei peroraler (p. o.) Applikation der Wirkstoff(I)-Lösung im gesamten untersuchten Dosisbereich von 1,0 bis 10,0 mg/kg. These results will a. by examinations on ferrets, a Standard model for the detection of emetic and anti-emetic Active properties (see e.g. C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; C.J. Gardner et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), 116, 3158-3163), receive. With intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of an aqueous solution of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol (in Form of the hydrochloride) on ferrets calls the active ingredient in the investigated dose range from 0.01 to 10 mg of active ingredient / kg body weight (short: mg / kg) neither gag reflex nor real vomiting. the same The result is the oral (p. O.) Application of the active ingredient (I) solution in the entire examined dose range from 1.0 to 10.0 mg / kg.
Ferner wurde gefunden, daß der Wirkstoff (I) bei Frettchen, denen zuvor der bekannte Emesis-Auslöser Morphin (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; C. J. Gardner et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), 116, 3158-3163) in einer Dosis von 0,1 mg/kg i. v. verabreicht worden war, das Erbrechen der Tiere inhibiert. Dieser Befund wird in einem Versuch am Frettchen mit einem weiteren Emetikum, nämlich Emetin, d. h. Ipecacuanha-Extrakt (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; C. J. Gardner et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), 116, 3158-3163), bestätigt: Auch hier inhibiert die Gabe von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2- methyl-propyl)phenol die durch das Emetin ausgelöste Emesis. It was also found that the active ingredient (I) in ferrets, which previously the known emesis trigger morphine (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; C. J. Gardner et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), 116, 3158-3163) in a dose of 0.1 mg / kg i. v. had been administered Animal vomiting inhibited. This finding is in an experiment on Ferret with another emetic, namely emetin, d. H. Ipecacuanha extract (C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234; C.J. Gardner et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), 116, 3158-3163), confirmed: Here too, the administration of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2- methyl-propyl) phenol is the emesis triggered by the emetin.
Über Wirkmechanismen, durch welche die antiemetische Wirkung von (+)- (1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol vermittelt wird, kann aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse keine zuverlässige Aussage gemacht, sondern nur spekuliert werden. Dies gilt um so mehr, als in der Literatur (s. z. B. C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234) für die beiden in den oben referierten Versuchen eingesetzten Emetika Morphin und Ipecacuanha-Extrakt unterschiedliche Mechanismen der Emesis-Auslösung diskutiert werden. So zeigt der Wirkstoff - anders als Morphin, das in hohen Dosen antiemetisch wirken kann - über den gesamten Dosisbereich, also auch in geringen Dosen, ausschließlich antiemetische Wirkungen. Mechanisms of action by which the antiemetic effect of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol is mediated, cannot make a reliable statement based on these results, but only be speculated. This is all the more true than in the literature (see z. B. C. Veyrat-Follet et al., Drugs (1997), 53 (2), 206-234) for the two in emetic morphine and Ipecacuanha extract different mechanisms of triggering emesis to be discussed. The active ingredient shows - unlike morphine, that in high Doses can have an antiemetic effect - over the entire dose range, that is even in small doses, exclusively anti-emetic effects.
Für die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol zur Herstellung eines Medikaments zur Prävention und/oder Therapie von Nausea und/oder Erbrechen ist es bevorzugt, daß das Medikament einen weiteren Wirkstoff zur Prävention und/oder Therapie von Nausea und/oder Erbrechen umfaßt. Ein geeigneter weiterer antiemetischer Wirkstoff ist bevorzugt ausgewählt aus den folgenden Wirkstoffgruppen: Dopaminantagonisten, Benzodiazepine, Corticosteroide, Antihistaminika, Anticholinergika, Phenothiazine, Butyrophenone, Benzamide und insbesondere 5-HT3- Antagonisten. Bei dem weiteren antiemetischen Wirkstoff handelt es sich insbesondere um Metoclopramid, Domperidon, Haloperidol, Fluphenazin, Sulpirid, Tiaprid, Benzchinamid, Diazepam, Betamethason, Dexamethason, Prednisolon, Cyclizin, Hydroxyzin, Diphenhydramin, Scopolamin, Chlorpromazin, Promethazin, Perphenazin, Prochlorperazin, Droperidol, Bemesetron und besonders bevorzugt um Ondansetron, Bemesetron, Benzaprid, Zacoprid, Dazoprid, p-Chlorphenylalanin, Granisetron, Tropisetron oder Dolasetron. Am meisten bevorzugt als weiterer antiemetischer Wirkstoff ist Ondansetron. For the use according to the invention of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention and / or therapy of nausea and / or vomiting it is preferred that the medicament comprise a further active ingredient for the prevention and / or therapy of nausea and / or vomiting. A suitable further antiemetic active ingredient is preferably selected from the following active ingredient groups: dopamine antagonists, benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, antihistamines, anticholinergics, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, benzamides and in particular 5-HT 3 antagonists. The further antiemetic active ingredient is in particular metoclopramide, domperidone, haloperidol, fluphenazine, sulpiride, tiapride, benzoquinamide, diazepam, betamethasone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, cyclizine, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, scopolamine, chlorpromazine, promethidolperperol, perphen Bemesetron and particularly preferably ondansetron, bemesetron, benzapride, zacoprid, dazoprid, p-chlorophenylalanine, granisetron, tropisetron or dolasetron. Most preferred as another antiemetic agent is ondansetron.
Für die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol zur Herstellung eines Medikaments zur Prävention und/oder Therapie von Nausea und/oder Erbrechen ist es ferner bevorzugt, daß das Medikament zusätzlich mindestens einen opioidartigen Wirkstoff enthält. Diese Kombination erlaubt vorteilhafterweise die gleichzeitige Verabreichung eines Opioids, vor allem zur Behandlung starker Schmerzen, aber auch gegebenenfalls als Narkosemittel, und des antiemetischen Wirkstoffs (I), der den emetischen Eigenschaften des Opioids entgegenwirkt und ihnen vorbeugt bzw. sie unterdrückt. Dabei erweist sich als weiterer Vorteil, daß (+)- (1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol seinerseits über analgetische Wirkeigenschaften verfügt (EP 0 693 475 A1), so daß eine Verminderung der Menge an zusätzlichem Opioid ohne Beeinträchtigung oder Verlust der analgetischen Wirkung mit Hilfe dieser Kombination ermöglicht wird. Das wiederum vermindert das Risiko weiterer unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen, die durch Opioide hervorgerufen werden können, z. B. Obstipation bei Morphinverabreichung. For the use of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3- Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol for the preparation of a Medicament for the prevention and / or therapy of nausea and / or Vomiting, it is also preferred that the medication be added contains at least one opioid-like active ingredient. That combination advantageously allows simultaneous administration of an opioid, especially for the treatment of severe pain, but also if necessary as an anesthetic, and the anti-emetic agent (I), which the counteracts and prevents emetic properties of the opioid or suppressed them. Another advantage is that (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol in turn has analgesic active properties (EP 0 693 475 A1), so that a reduction in the amount of additional opioid without Impairment or loss of analgesic effects with the help of this Combination is made possible. This in turn reduces the risk of others unwanted side effects caused by opioids can, e.g. B. Constipation in morphine administration.
Vorzugsweise ist dieser zusätzliche opioide Wirkstoff ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, die Morphin, Hydromorphon, Fentanyl, Buprenorphin, Tilidin und Tramadol umfaßt. This additional opioid active ingredient is preferably selected from the Group, the morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, and tilidine Tramadol includes.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß der Wirkstoff (I) seine antiemtisch Wirkung auch bei gleichzeitiger, vorheriger oder nachfolgender Gabe eines cytostatischen Wirkstoffs entfaltet. So wird im oben genannten Emesis-Modell bei Verabreichung i. v. von 10 mg/kg Cisplatin - für die Chemotherapie vieler Krebserkrankungen Mittel der Wahl - an Frettchen durch die Gabe von (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl- 2-methyl-propyl)phenol (als Hydrochlorid) das durch das Cisplatin üblicherweise ausgelöste Erbrechen unterdrückt. Damit eignet sich (+)- (1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol zur die Krebsbehandlung mit Cytostatika (Chemotherapie) begleitenden Prophylaxe und Therapie von Nausea und Emesis. Dabei wird der Wirkstoff (I) als Antiemetikum neben mindestens einem Cytostatikum eingesetzt. Bei dem Cytostatikum handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Carboplatin, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamid, Taxol oder insbesondere Cisplatin. Another advantage of the present invention is that the Active ingredient (I) has its anti-emetic effect even with simultaneous, previous or subsequent administration of a cytostatic active ingredient. So will in the above-mentioned emesis model when administered i. v. of 10 mg / kg Cisplatin - the drug of choice for the chemotherapy of many cancers - on ferrets by adding (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl- 2-methyl-propyl) phenol (as hydrochloride) through the cisplatin Usually suppressed vomiting. This makes (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol for the Accompanying cancer treatment with cytostatics (chemotherapy) Prophylaxis and therapy of nausea and emesis. The active ingredient (I) used as an antiemetic in addition to at least one cytostatic. at the cytostatic is preferably carboplatin, Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, taxol or especially cisplatin.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen zur Prophylaxe und/oder Therapie von Übelkeit und/oder Erbrechen, enthaltend (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2- methyl-propyl)phenol in Form seiner Base oder in Form eines seiner physiologisch verträglichen Salze und/oder Solvate und einen oder mehrere pharmazeutische Hilfsstoffe. Another object of the present invention are pharmaceutical Compositions for the prophylaxis and / or therapy of nausea and / or vomiting containing (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2- methyl-propyl) phenol in the form of its base or in the form of one of its physiologically acceptable salts and / or solvates and one or several pharmaceutical excipients.
Bevorzugt umfassen diese pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen mindestens einen weiteren Wirkstoff zur Prävention und/oder Therapie von Übelkeit und/oder Erbrechen. Ein geeigneter weiterer antiemetischer Wirkstoff ist bevorzugt ausgewählt aus den folgenden Wirkstoffgruppen: Dopaminantagonisten, Benzodiazepine, Corticosteroide, Antihistaminika, Anticholinergika, Phenothiazine, Butyrophenone, Benzamide und insbesondere 5-HT3-Antagonisten. Bei dem weiteren antiemetischen Wirkstoff handelt es sich insbesondere um Metoclopramid, Domperidon, Haloperidol, Fluphenazin, Sulpirid, Tiaprid, Benzchinamid, Diazepam, Betamethason, Dexamethason, Prednisolon, Cyclizin, Hydroxyzin, Diphenhydramin, Scopolamin, Chlorpromazin, Promethazin, Perphenazin, Prochlorperazin, Droperidol, Bemesetron und besonders bevorzugt um Ondansetron, Bemesetron, Benzaprid, Zacoprid, Dazoprid, p- Chlorphenylalanin, Granisetron, Tropisetron oder Dolasetron. Am meisten bevorzugt als weiterer antiemetischer Wirkstoff ist Ondansetron. These pharmaceutical compositions preferably comprise at least one further active ingredient for the prevention and / or therapy of nausea and / or vomiting. A suitable further antiemetic active ingredient is preferably selected from the following active ingredient groups: dopamine antagonists, benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, antihistamines, anticholinergics, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, benzamides and in particular 5-HT 3 antagonists. The further antiemetic active ingredient is in particular metoclopramide, domperidone, haloperidol, fluphenazine, sulpiride, tiapride, benzoquinamide, diazepam, betamethasone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, cyclizine, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, scopolamine, chlorpromazine, promethidolperperol, perphen Bemesetron and particularly preferably ondansetron, bemesetron, benzapride, zacoprid, dazoprid, p-chlorophenylalanine, granisetron, tropisetron or dolasetron. Most preferred as another antiemetic agent is ondansetron.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen umfaßt diese neben dem Wirkstoff (I) zusätzlich ein Opioid. Vorzugsweise ist dieser zusätzliche opioide Wirkstoff ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, die Morphin, Hydromorphon, Fentanyl, Buprenorphin, Tilidin und Tramadol umfaßt. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention pharmaceutical compositions include these in addition to Active ingredient (I) additionally an opioid. This is preferably additional opioid active ingredient selected from the group consisting of morphine, hydromorphone, Fentanyl, buprenorphine, tilidine and tramadol.
Pharmazeutisch annehmbare Salze bzw. physiologisch verträgliche Salze im Sinne dieser Erfindung sind solche Salze des Wirkstoffs (+)-(1S,2S)-3- (3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol, die bei pharmazeutischer Verwendung physiologisch - insbesondere bei Anwendung am Säugetier und/oder Menschen - verträglich sind. Solche pharmazeutisch annehmbaren Salze können beispielsweise mit anorganischen oder organischen Säuren gebildet werden. Vorzugsweise werden die pharmazeutisch annehmbaren (physiologisch verträglichen) Salze der Wirkstoffbase (I) mit Salzsäure, Bromwasserstoffsäure, Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure, Methansulfonsäure, p-Toluolsulfonsäure, Kohlensäure, Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Oxalsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Weinsäure, Mandelsäure, Fumarsäure, Milchsäure, Citronensäure, Glutaminsäure oder Asparaginsäure gebildet. Bei den gebildeten Salzen handelt es sich u. a. um Hydrochloride, Hydrobromide, Phosphate, Carbonate, Hydrogencarbonate, Formiate, Acetate, Oxalate, Succinate, Tartrate, Fumarate, Citrate und Glutaminate. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Hydrochlorid-Bildung, die z. B. durch Versetzen der in einem geeigneten organischen Lösungsmittel gelösten Wirkstoffbase (I) mit Trimethylsilylchlorid (TMSCI) herbeigeführt werden kann. Der Wirkstoff (I) und seine physiologisch annehmbaren Salze können auch als Solvate, insbesondere Hydrate, vorliegen; die Hydrate können beispielsweise durch Kristallisation aus wäßriger Lösung erhalten werden. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts or physiologically acceptable salts For the purposes of this invention, such salts of the active ingredient (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol, which is used in pharmaceutical Use physiologically - especially when used on mammals and / or people - are tolerated. Such pharmaceutical acceptable salts can be, for example, with inorganic or organic acids are formed. Preferably the pharmaceutically acceptable (physiologically acceptable) salts of Active ingredient base (I) with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, Phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, carbonic acid, Formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, Mandelic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid or Aspartic acid formed. The salts formed are u. a. around Hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, Formates, acetates, oxalates, succinates, tartrates, fumarates, citrates and Glutaminate. Hydrochloride formation is particularly preferred. B. by placing in a suitable organic solvent dissolved active ingredient base (I) with trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCI) can be. The active ingredient (I) and its physiologically acceptable salts can also be present as solvates, in particular hydrates; the hydrates can be obtained, for example, by crystallization from aqueous solution become.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Medikamente und pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen können als flüssige, halbfeste oder feste Arzneiformen und in Form von z. B. Injektionslösungen, Tropfen, Säften, Sirupen, Sprays, Suspensionen, Granulaten, Tabletten, Pellets, transdermalen therapeutischen Systemen, Kapseln, Pflastern, Zäpfchen, Salben, Cremes, Lotionen, Gelen, Emulsionen oder Aerosolen vorliegen und verabreicht werden und enthalten neben Wirkstoff (I) in Form seiner Base oder in Form eines seiner physiologisch verträglichen Salze und/oder Solvate je nach galenischer Form und in Abhängigkeit vom Applikationsweg pharmazeutische Hilfsstoffe, wie z. B. Trägermaterialien, Füllstoffe, Lösungsmittel, Verdünnungsmittel, oberflächenaktive Stoffe, Farbstoffe, Konservierungsstoffe, Sprengmittel, Gleitmittel, Schmiermittel, Aromen und/oder Bindemittel. Diese Hilfsstoffe können beispielsweise sein: Wasser, Ethanol, 2-Propanol, Glycerin, Ethylenglycol, Propylenglycol, Polyethylenglycol, Polypropylenglycol, Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Saccharose, Dextrose, Melasse, Stärke, modifizierte Stärke, Gelatine, Sorbitol, Inositol, Mannitol, mikrokristalline Cellulose, Methylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, Celluloseacetat, Schellack, Cetylalkohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Paraffine, Wachse, natürliche und synthetische Gummis, Akaziengummi, Alginate, Dextran, gesättigte und ungesättigte Fettsäuren, Stearinsäure, Magnesiumstearat, Zinkstearat, Glycerylstearat, Natriumlaurylsulfat, genießbare Öle, Sesamöl, Kokusnußöl, Erdnußöl, Sojabohnenöl, Lecithin, Natriumlactat, Polyoxyethylen- und -propylenfettsäureester, Sorbitanfettsäureester, Sorbinsäure, Benzoesäure, Citronensäure, Ascorbinsäure, Tanninsäure, Natriumchlorid, Kaliumchlorid, Magnesiumchlorid, Calciumchlorid, Magnesiumoxid, Zinkoxid, Siliciumdioxid, Titanoxid, Titandioxid, Magnesiumsulfat, Zinksulfat, Calciumsulfat, Pottasche, Calciumphosphat, Dicalciumphosphat, Kaliumbromid, Kaliumiodid, Talkum, Kaolin, Pectin, Crospovidon, Agar und Bentonit. The medicaments and pharmaceuticals according to the invention Compositions can be in the form of liquid, semi-solid or solid Dosage forms and in the form of z. B. injection solutions, drops, juices, Syrups, sprays, suspensions, granules, tablets, pellets, transdermal therapeutic systems, capsules, plasters, suppositories, Ointments, creams, lotions, gels, emulsions or aerosols are present and are administered and contain in addition to active ingredient (I) in the form of its Base or in the form of one of its physiologically tolerable salts and / or Solvate depending on the galenic form and depending on the Application route pharmaceutical excipients, such as. B. carrier materials, Fillers, solvents, diluents, surfactants, Dyes, preservatives, disintegrants, lubricants, lubricants, Flavors and / or binders. These auxiliaries can be, for example: Water, ethanol, 2-propanol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glucose, fructose, lactose, Sucrose, dextrose, molasses, starch, modified starch, gelatin, Sorbitol, inositol, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose, Carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, shellac, cetyl alcohol, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, paraffins, waxes, natural and synthetic Gums, acacia, alginates, dextran, saturated and unsaturated Fatty acids, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, glyceryl stearate, Sodium lauryl sulfate, edible oils, sesame oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, Soybean oil, lecithin, sodium lactate, polyoxyethylene and -propylene fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, Citric acid, ascorbic acid, tannic acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, Magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, Silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, Calcium sulfate, potash, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, Potassium bromide, potassium iodide, talc, kaolin, pectin, crospovidone, agar and Bentonite.
Die Auswahl der Hilfsstoffe sowie die einzusetzenden Mengen derselben hängt davon ab, ob das Medikament oral, subkutan, parenteral, intravenös, pulmonal, intraperitoneal, transdermal, intramuskulär, nasal, buccal, rectal oder auf andere geeignete Weise appliziert werden soll. Für die orale Applikation eignen sich u. a. Zubereitungen in Form von Tabletten, Dragees, Kapseln, Granulaten, Tropfen, Säften und Sirupen, für die parenterale, topische und inhalative Applikation Lösungen, Suspensionen, leicht rekonstituierbare Pulver zur Inhalation sowie Sprays. In geeigneten perkutanen Applikationszubereitungen liegt der Wirkstoff (I) z. B. in einem Depot in gelöster Form oder in einem Pflaster, gegebenenfalls unter Zusatz von die Hautpenetration fördernden Mitteln, vor. Rektal, transmucosal, parenteral, oral oder perkutan anwendbare Zubereitungsformen können (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol verzögert freisetzen. The selection of the auxiliary substances and the quantities to be used depends on whether the drug is oral, subcutaneous, parenteral, intravenous, pulmonary, intraperitoneal, transdermal, intramuscular, nasal, buccal, rectal or should be applied in another suitable way. For the oral Application are u. a. Preparations in the form of tablets, coated tablets, Capsules, granules, drops, juices and syrups, for parenteral, topical and inhalative application solutions, suspensions, light reconstitutable powder for inhalation and sprays. In suitable percutaneous application preparations, the active ingredient (I) z. B. in one Depot in dissolved form or in a plaster, if necessary with the addition of agents promoting skin penetration. Rectal, transmucosal, Formulations that can be used parenterally, orally or percutaneously (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol delayed release.
Die erfindungsgemäßen pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen, die neben (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol, in Form seiner Base oder in Form eines seiner physiologisch verträglichen Salze und/oder Solvate, ein weiteres Antiemetikum bzw. ein zusätzliches Opioid bzw. ein zusätzliches Cytostatikum umfassen, können derart gestaltet sein, daß diese Kombinationspräparate bei Verabreichung die enthaltenen Wirkstoffe gleichzeitig oder nahezu gleichzeitig freisetzen oder die Freisetzung so steuern, daß zunächst einer der Wirkstoffe, z. B. das zusätzliche Opioid oder das zusätzliche Cytostatikum, freigesetzt wird und die Freisetzung des anderen enthaltenen Wirkstoffs, z. B. der Wirkstoff (I), zeitlich verzögert, d. h. später erfolgt, um so die jeweils erwünschte Wirkung aller in der Zusammensetzung enthaltenen Wirkstoffe optimal zur Entfaltung kommen zu lassen. (Selbstverständlich kann - wenn dies für die jeweilige Anwendung wünschenswert ist - die Zusammensetzung auch so gestaltet sein, daß zunächst der Wirkstoff (I) und erst später der weitere bzw. zusätzliche Wirkstoff freigesetzt wird.) The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention which in addition to (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol, in Form of its base or in the form of one of its physiologically acceptable Salts and / or solvates, another antiemetic or an additional Opioid or an additional cytostatic can include such be designed so that these combination preparations when administered Release active ingredients simultaneously or almost simultaneously or control the release so that first one of the active ingredients, e.g. B. that additional opioid, or the additional cytostatic, is released and the release of the other active ingredient contained, e.g. B. the active ingredient (I), delayed, d. H. later, so the desired effect of all active ingredients contained in the composition Let development unfold. (Of course - if this is for the the respective application is desirable - the composition also be designed so that first the active ingredient (I) and only later the other or additional active ingredient is released.)
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Medikamente und pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen erfolgt mit Hilfe von im Stand der Technik der pharmazeutischen Formulierung wohlbekannten Mitteln, Vorrichtungen, Methoden und Verfahren, wie sie beispielsweise in "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", Hrsg. A. R. Gennaro, 17. Ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1985), insbesondere in Teil 8, Kapitel 76 bis 93, beschrieben sind. The production of the medication according to the invention and Pharmaceutical compositions are made with the help of in the prior art the pharmaceutical formulation of well-known agents, devices, Methods and procedures such as those described in "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences ", ed. A.R. Gennaro, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1985), especially in part 8, chapters 76 to 93, are described.
So kann z. B. für eine feste Formulierung, wie eine Tablette, der Wirkstoff des Arzneimittels, d. h. (+ )-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl)phenol oder eines seiner physiologisch verträglichen Salze und/oder Solvate, mit einem pharmazeutischen Träger, z. B. herkömmlichen Tabletteninhaltsstoffen, wie Maisstärke, Lactose, Saccharose, Sorbitol, Talkum, Magnesiumstearat, Dicalciumphosphat oder pharmazeutisch akzeptable Gummis, und pharmazeutischen Verdünnungsmitteln, wie z. B. Wasser, granuliert werden, um eine feste Zusammensetzung zu bilden, die eine erfindungsgemäße Verbindung oder ein pharmazeutisch annehmbares Salz davon in homogener Verteilung enthält. Unter einer homogenen Verteilung wird hier verstanden, daß der Wirkstoff gleichmäßig über die gesamte Zusammensetzung verteilt ist, so daß diese ohne weiteres in gleich wirksame Einheitsdosis-Formen, wie Tabletten, Pillen oder Kapseln, unterteilt werden kann. Die feste Zusammensetzung wird anschließend in Einheitsdosis-Formen unterteilt. Die Tabletten oder Pillen des erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen können auch überzogen oder auf andere Weise kompoundiert werden, um eine Dosisform mit verzögerter Freisetzung bereitzustellen. Geeignete Beschichtungsmittel sind u. a. polymere Säuren und Mischungen von polymeren Säuren mit Materialien wie z. B. Schellack, Cetylalkohol und/oder Celluloseacetat. So z. B. for a solid formulation, such as a tablet, the active ingredient of the drug, d. H. (+ ) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl) phenol or one of its physiologically tolerable salts and / or Solvate, with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. B. conventional Tablet ingredients, such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, Talc, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or pharmaceutical acceptable gums, and pharmaceutical diluents such as. B. Water, can be granulated to form a solid composition, the a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable one Contains salt in a homogeneous distribution. Under a homogeneous Distribution is understood here that the active ingredient evenly over the entire composition is distributed so that it easily in equally effective unit dose forms, such as tablets, pills or capsules, can be divided. The solid composition is then in Unit dose forms divided. The tablets or pills of the drug of the invention or the invention Compositions can also be coated or otherwise can be compounded into a sustained release dosage form provide. Suitable coating agents are u. a. polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with materials such as. B. shellac, Cetyl alcohol and / or cellulose acetate.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Behandlung von Emesis und/oder Nausea in einem Säugetier und/oder Menschen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß eine therapeutisch wirksame Menge des Wirkstoffs (I) in Form seiner Base oder in Form eines seiner physiologisch verträglichen Salze und/oder Solvate, gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit einem weiteren Antiemetikum oder einem zusätzlichen Opioid oder einem zusätzlichen Cytostatikum, verabreicht wird. Another object of the invention relates to a method for Treatment of emesis and / or nausea in a mammal and / or People who are characterized by being therapeutic effective amount of the active ingredient (I) in the form of its base or in the form of a its physiologically tolerable salts and / or solvates, if appropriate in combination with another antiemetic or an additional one Opioid or an additional cytostatic agent.
Die an den Patienten zu verabreichende Wirkstoffmenge variiert und ist abhängig vom Gewicht, dem Alter und der Krankheitsgeschichte des Patienten, sowie von der Applikationsart, der Indikation und dem Schweregrad der Erkrankung. Üblicherweise werden 0,1 bis 1000 mg, insbesondere 1 bis 100 mg, vorzugsweise 2 bis 50 mg des Wirkstoffs (I) appliziert. Im Falle der kombinierten Verabreichung mit einem weiteren Antiemetikum wird üblicherweise der Wirkstoff (I) in einer Menge von 1 bis 100 mg, insbesondere 1 bis 50 mg, und das weitere Antiemetikum in eine Menge von 1 bis 250 mg, insbesondere 1 bis 50 mg, verabreicht; im Falle der kombinierten Gabe mit Ondansetron ist es bevorzugt, den Wirkstoff (I) in einer Menge von 2 bis 50 mg und Ondansetron in einer Menge von 4 bis 35 mg, insbesondere 8 bis 16 mg, zu verabreichen. Bei der Kombination mit einem zusätzlichen Opioid wird der Wirkstoff (I) in der Regel in einer Menge von 1 bis 100 mg, insbesondere 1 bis 50 mg, verabreicht, während die zu verabreichende Menge des Opoids davon abhängt, ob es sich um starkes oder um ein weniger starkes Opioid handelt. Im Falle der kombinierten Verabreichung mit Morphin wird dieses in einer Menge von 10 bis 500 mg p. o., insbesondere 10 bis 300 mg p. o., bzw. in einer Menge von 10 bis 50 mg i. v, verabreicht, im Fälle der kombinierten Gabe mit Tramadol wird dieses in einer Menge von 25 bis 500 mg, insbesondere 25 bis 300 mg, verabreicht. Bei kombinierter Verabreichung mit einem Cytostatikum wird der Wirkstoff (I) in der Regel in einer Menge von 1 bis 500 mg, insbesondere 1 bis 100 mg, verabreicht, während die Menge und die Wahl des Cytostatikums bzw. der Cytostatika individuell festgesetzt werden. Die genannten Dosismengen können vom fachkundigen Anwender ohne weiteres den individuellen Bedürfnissen und Notwendigkeiten angepaßt werden. The amount of active ingredient to be administered to the patient varies and is depending on the weight, age and medical history of the Patients, as well as the type of application, the indication and the Severity of the disease. Usually 0.1 to 1000 mg, in particular 1 to 100 mg, preferably 2 to 50 mg of the active ingredient (I) applied. In the case of combined administration with another Antiemetic is usually the active ingredient (I) in an amount of 1 to 100 mg, in particular 1 to 50 mg, and the further antiemetic in one Amount of 1 to 250 mg, in particular 1 to 50 mg, administered; in the event of combined administration with ondansetron, it is preferred to use the active ingredient (I) in an amount of 2 to 50 mg and ondansetron in an amount of 4 to 35 mg, in particular 8 to 16 mg, to be administered. With the combination with an additional opioid, the active ingredient (I) is usually in one Amount of 1 to 100 mg, especially 1 to 50 mg, administered during the amount of opoid to be administered depends on whether it is strong or less strong opioid. In case of Combined administration with morphine, this is in an amount of 10 up to 500 mg p. o., in particular 10 to 300 mg p. o., or in an amount of 10 to 50 mg i. v, administered in the case of combined administration with tramadol this is used in an amount of 25 to 500 mg, in particular 25 to 300 mg, administered. When combined with a cytostatic agent The active ingredient (I) is usually in an amount of 1 to 500 mg, especially 1 to 100 mg, administered during the amount and choice of the cytostatic or cytostatics can be set individually. The the dose amounts mentioned can by the expert user without further adapted to individual needs and necessities become.
Die Untersuchung erfolgte in Abwandlung der Methode von C. J. Gardner
et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), 116, 3158-3163. Als Versuchstiere dienten
weibliche Frettchen, denen einige Tage vorher ein permanenter i. v. Zugang
in die Jugularvene implantiert wurde. Den Tieren wurde 18 h vor
Versuchsbeginn das Futter entzogen, Wasser blieb zur freien Verfügung.
60 min nach dem Einsetzen in Einzel-Beobachtungskäfige (ohne
Bodeneinstreu mit Zugang zu 35 g Standardfutter) erhielten die Tiere eine
i. p. Applikation der Testsubstanzen. 20 min später wurden die
Emesisauslösende Substanz (Morphin oder Ipecacucuanha-Extrakt (Emetin))
appliziert und die Tiere nach dem Zurücksetzen in die Beboachtungskäfige
über 2 h auf folgende Verhaltensparameter beobachtet
- - Latenz bis zur ersten Würgeperiode (min)
- - Anzahl der Würgereaktion (retches)
- - Anzahl der Brechreakation (vomits)
- - Mittlere Dauer der Übelkeitsperioden (sec)
- - Nebenwirkungen
- - latency up to the first choking period (min)
- - number of retching
- - Number of crushing break (vomits)
- - Average duration of nausea periods (sec)
- - side effects
Als Würgereaktion (Retches) wurden rhythmische Schluckbewegungen gegen die geschlossene Glottis gewertet, als Brechrekationen (Vomits) das forcierte Herauswürgen von Mageninhalt. As a gag reaction (retches) were rhythmic swallowing movements evaluated against the closed glottis as vomiting recessions (vomits) forced gagging of stomach contents.
Pro Versuchsgruppe wurden 5 Tiere behandelt. 5 animals were treated per test group.
Zur Emesisauslösung wurde Morphin HCl (RBI Batch 2883/6) in einer Dosis von 0,1 mg/kg i. v. oder Ipecacuanha Fluid Extrakt, DAC 98 (eingestellt auf 2% Emetin) der Fa. Synpharm (Charge 9906B067) entsprechend einer Dosis von 2 mg/kg Emetin oral appliziert. For Emesisauslösung morphine HCl (RBI Batch 2883/6) was mg in a dose of 0.1 / kg iv or ipecac fluid extract, DAC 98 (adjusted to 2% emetine) from. Synpharm (Charge 9906B067) corresponding to a dose of 2 mg / kg emetin administered orally.
Das Versuchsergebnis ist als Gruppenmittelwert (
- a) Prüfung auf emetische Eigenwirkung: Siehe Tabelle 1 a) Check for emetic intrinsic effects: see table 1
- a) Prüfung auf antiemetische Wirksamkeit gegenüber Morphin: Siehe Tabelle 2 a) Testing for antiemetic activity against morphine: See table 2
- a) Prüfung auf antiemetische Wirkung gegenüber Ipecacuanha-Extrakt: Siehe Tabelle 3 a) Testing for anti-emetic activity against Ipecacuanha extract: See table 3
1 g (+)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-Dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol- Hydrochlorid wird in 1 l Wasser für Injektionszwecke bei Raumtemperatur gelöst und anschließend durch Zugabe von Natriumchlorid auf isotone Bedingungen eingestellt. 1 g (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol- Hydrochloride is in 1 liter of water for injections at room temperature dissolved and then by adding sodium chloride to isotonic Conditions set.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (3)
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DE10163421A DE10163421A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2001-12-21 | Use of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol as an anti-emetic |
AU2002361185A AU2002361185A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-20 | Use of (+)-(1s,2s)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol as anti-emetic agent |
PCT/EP2002/014636 WO2003053427A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-20 | Use of (+)-(1s,2s)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol as anti-emetic agent |
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DE10163421A DE10163421A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2001-12-21 | Use of (+) - (1S, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol as an anti-emetic |
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AU (1) | AU2002361185A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10163421A1 (en) |
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Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005013726A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Grünenthal GmbH | Transdermal therapeutic system for transdermal application of opioid containing analgesics, especially using a plaster for application to permit long-term, pain-free application |
Families Citing this family (6)
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AU2016216578B2 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2017-11-23 | Acacia Pharma Limited | The use of amisulpride as an anti-emetic |
AU2014202535B2 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2016-05-26 | Acacia Pharma Limited | The use of amisulpride as an anti-emetic |
GB201004020D0 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-04-21 | Acacia Pharma Ltd | New therapeutic use |
CA2796774C (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2020-06-02 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Pharmaceutical combination for the treatment of pain |
RS56947B1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2018-05-31 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Intrathecal or epidural administration of 3-[(1s,2s)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl]phenol |
GB201702250D0 (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-03-29 | Acacia Pharma Ltd | Method |
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DE4426245A1 (en) * | 1994-07-23 | 1996-02-22 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | 1-phenyl-3-dimethylamino-propane compounds with pharmacological activity |
DE10109763A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-05 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Pharmaceutical salts |
-
2001
- 2001-12-21 DE DE10163421A patent/DE10163421A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-12-20 WO PCT/EP2002/014636 patent/WO2003053427A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (1)
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DE102005013726A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Grünenthal GmbH | Transdermal therapeutic system for transdermal application of opioid containing analgesics, especially using a plaster for application to permit long-term, pain-free application |
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