DE10109660A1 - Securing ring for a shaft and hub connection has projection protruding from ring body to engage with shaft and/or hub inside latter protected from environmental factors - Google Patents

Abstract

A locking ring (13) for a shaft-hub connection, in which the shaft and the hub are clamped axially against one another with a clamping element (3), comprises an annular body (17) with a through opening (15) for plugging onto one on the clamping element (3) formed section (14) with a tapered diameter, the passage opening (15) providing means for coupling in the circumferential direction but axially movable coupling with the section (14) tapered diameter, and at least one projection projecting from the ring body (17) (16) for locking coupling with the shaft and / or the hub within the hub. A corresponding fastening device is also specified. This creates an easily mountable fuse for the tensioning element, which can also be protected against external influences.

Description

The invention relates to a locking ring for a shaft-hub connection, at which axially clamps the shaft and the hub against each other with a clamping element become. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fastening device for a Shaft-hub connection.

Such shaft-hub connections are used in many areas of technology. For example, such connections are used in motor vehicles to a Wheel hub by means of a clamping element in the form of an axle nut on an axle journal to fix.

With a dynamic load and especially when exposed to There is a danger of loosening the tensioning element due to torsional moments. This is in many cases undesirable. One remedy is sufficient to provide high preload. However, this is not always possible, so additional Fuse elements must be installed in order to tension between the Secure the shaft and the hub additionally and in particular loosen or lose to prevent the clamping element.

Countless securing elements are known from the prior art in order to Secure screw connection. Usually washers are used for this deform elastically or plastically when tensioned. Examples of this are in the DE 44 29 312 A1, described in US 4,257,465 A or also in US 5,606,753 A. Such washers are mostly unsuitable for shaft-hub connections because these are arranged between the head of a bolt and a clamping surface and thus lie directly in the power flow of the axial preload. By the bigger one The number of interfaces inevitably present in this way is greater Setting amounts, which makes the axial preload very difficult with higher accuracy  is adjustable. In addition, such security elements are environmental influences exposed. These securing elements can corrode and in the worst case so damaged that the pretension of the screw connection is lost.

Furthermore, there are security elements that primarily serve one already additionally secure the tensioned screw connection after the tensioning process. In In this case, the securing element is not in the power flow of the biasing force. Much more this is attached after tensioning to the position of the clamped together Fix elements. An example of this is disclosed in FR 2 594 910 A1. There will an already tightened screw-nut connection by a retrofit attached circlip fixed, the form-fitting on a non-circular end section the screw is attached. The locking ring also has two side tabs on, which are placed over the hexagon of the mother, so that also between the There is a positive connection between the nut and the locking ring. Although the locking ring already attached to the mother in a self-retaining manner. In most cases it is however, the locking ring is required axially with an additional lock nut to fix against the first mother. However, this fastening device is in her Assembly process complicated. In addition, the circlip remains here Exposed to environmental influences. In addition, that described in FR 2 594 910 A1 Fastening device for a compact connection between a shaft and a Unsuitable hub.

Against this background, the invention is based on the object, in a shaft-hub Connection with a tensioning element a fuse that can be protected against environmental influences to create for the tensioning element.

This object is achieved by a circlip of the type mentioned at the beginning, comprising an annular body with a through opening for plugging onto one the clamping element formed section with a tapered diameter, wherein at the Through opening means for rotating in the circumferential direction, but axially movable Coupling with the paragraph tapered diameter are provided, and at least a projection protruding from the ring body for locking coupling with the Shaft and / or the hub within the hub.

The retaining ring is in the installed state with both the clamping element and the  Shaft and / or the hub positively coupled, thereby releasing the connection and in particular the clamping element is prevented. In addition, the Simply mount the circlip. This is only on the clamping element attach and tighten with this. The locking with the shaft and / or the The hub takes place automatically without any further handling steps would be required.

Furthermore, the circlip inside the hub is against environmental influences largely protected. Since the circlip is also outside the power flow of the axial biasing force, the settling phenomena explained above are avoided.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the projection is resilient educated. This facilitates the assembly of the circlip and ensures a secure, automatic snap-in, because the circlip due to its arrangement within the hub is no longer visible after assembly.

The projection preferably projects radially beyond the circumference of the ring body with a contoured surface structure formed on the inner wall of the hub lock. The captive device is therefore independent of the screw-in depth of the Clamping element. As a result, the shaft, hub or the clamping element always a complete coupling between the locking ring and the hub ensures.

The ring body of the locking ring can be used as a thin-walled socket with a constant wall thickness are formed, the cross-section of a polygonal shape having. Such a socket can be manufactured and claimed particularly cheaply little space.

In an advantageous further development, the projection is bent outwards Flap formed. This can in particular when the ring body as thin-walled socket is formed, also made simple and inexpensive become.

In an alternative embodiment, the ring body is included as a flat flat ring a constant wall thickness. This is especially favorable if between  the tapered section of the clamping element and the inner wall of the hub larger radial distance is bridged and little space in the axial direction Available.

The projection on the outer edge of the flat ring is then preferred as to the plane of the Flat ring formed approximately right-angled wing, the wing again has a tab bent radially outwards. That way the locking ring is very easy to manufacture as a sheet metal part.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the free end of the Tab angled radially inwards. This makes the locking ring very easy Insert into the hub together with the clamping element. It also slides angled end of the flap when snapping well over the appropriate contouring on the hub or shaft.

For the same reason, the free end can be used in addition to or instead of the bend the tab at the end facing the shaft have a chamfered corner. This also facilitates the first engagement in the latching during assembly.

The projection can also protrude axially beyond the ring body in order to be in contact with the Lock the end of the shaft formed recess.

In all cases, several projections are preferred in the circumferential direction intended. This is a particularly reliable form-fitting backup between the retaining ring and the hub or shaft. Preferably, the Free ends of the projections aligned in the same way in the circumferential direction.

The above object is further achieved by a fastening device for a Disconnected shaft-hub connection, which comprises the following: a shaft with a Seat section, a hub with a through hole for axial sliding onto the Seat section of the shaft, a clamping element for axially bracing the hub against the Shaft, for which purpose the clamping element has a thread for screwing to the shaft provided thread, and a flange for support against a End face of the hub and a section with a tapered diameter, which in the Installation state is recorded in the through opening of the hub, with the  Section with a tapered diameter, a locking ring of the type explained above is fixed and can be locked with the hub or the shaft.

This results in the ones already explained in connection with the circlip Benefits. The fastening device is particularly inexpensive Assembly properties. It is particularly suitable for determining one Wheel hub on a journal of a motor vehicle, because there is a high preload can be realized.

In an advantageous embodiment of the fastening device, the hub has on the Inner wall of its through opening on a contoured surface structure, which with the shaft is rotatably coupled in the circumferential direction. So that from time to time Torque can be transmitted to the hub. The contoured surface structure can for example in the form of a spline, serration or tongue-and-groove Connection to be trained.

Preferably, the protrusion (s) of the locking ring are contoured Surface structure of the hub can be locked. The contoured surface structure comes in a sense a dual function, namely on the one hand for the Torque transmission between the shaft and the hub and on the other hand to serve as a catch for the circlip. Because the contoured surface structure is required for the torque transmission anyway, are for the locking on the Hub no additional design measures required. At most, the contoured surface structure in the axial direction are formed somewhat longer. about the catch will provide adequate security against loosening or loosing the Ensures tensioning element, so even with a relatively large Diameter can be formed.

The protrusion (s) of the locking ring and the contoured surface structure the hub can be formed such that the projections upon rotation of the Clamping element in its clamping direction with little resistance over the contoured Surface structure slide, but when rotating in the opposite direction to oppose a high resistance. This makes it possible to use the clamping element to use as a ratchet, with which the axial preload in one Direction is very precisely adjustable. For this it is particularly favorable if one  A large number of latching positions lying closely next to one another in the circumferential direction are provided.

The thread on the clamping element can be used as an internal thread and the thread on the Shaft are designed as an external thread. However, it is just as possible that Thread on the clamping element as an external thread and the thread on the shaft as Form internal thread.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to the drawing Exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. The drawing shows in:

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a fastening device for a shaft-hub-connection with a locking ring in an exploded view,

Fig. 2 shows a half-section along the longitudinal axis of the shaft-hub-connection in FIG. 1 in the assembled state,

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the clamping element and the locking ring of the fastening device of FIG. 1 in three-dimensional representation,

Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a fastening device for a shaft-hub-connection with a locking ring in the assembled state in a partial sectional illustration,

Fig. 5 is a detail view of the clamping element and the locking ring of the fastening device of FIG. 5 in three-dimensional representation,

Fig. 6 shows the locking ring of the second embodiment in a perspective representation,

Fig. 7 is a section through the hub of the fastening device of the second embodiment transverse to the longitudinal axis of the shaft-hub connection with a view to the securing ring of FIG. 6, wherein the shaft is not shown,

Fig. 8 shows a third embodiment of a locking ring in a representation corresponding to Fig. 6, which is alternatively usable in the fixing device according to Fig. 4,

Fig. 9 shows a section through the hub of the attachment device of the third embodiment transverse to the longitudinal axis of the shaft-hub connection with a view to the securing ring of FIG. 8, wherein the shaft is not shown,

Fig. 10 shows a fourth embodiment of a locking ring in a representation corresponding to Fig. 6, which can be used alternatively in the fastening device according to Fig. 4, and in

Fig. 11 is a section through the hub of the fastening device of the fourth embodiment transverse to the longitudinal axis of the shaft-hub connection with a view to the securing ring of FIG. 10, wherein the shaft is not shown.

The first embodiment, which is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, shows a fastening device for a shaft-hub connection. In the example shown, the shaft 1 is an axle journal of a motor vehicle and the hub 2 is the associated wheel hub. To attach the hub 2 to the shaft 1 , the hub 2 is pushed axially onto a seat section on the shaft 1 and axially clamped with a clamping element 3 in the form of an axle nut. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the shaft 1 has a shoulder on its seat section against which the hub 2 bears axially in the attached state.

A contoured surface structure 4 is furthermore formed on the seat section of the shaft 1 , which is shown here by way of example in the form of a serration. The contoured surface structure 4 is in engagement with a correspondingly oppositely contoured surface structure 5 on the inner wall of a through opening 6 of the hub 2 in order to transmit a torque. Instead of a serration, however, a spline connection or tongue and groove connection between the shaft 1 and the hub 2 can also be provided.

The clamping element 3 is screwed to the shaft 1 in order to apply an axial prestressing force. For this purpose, the clamping element 3 has a through opening 7 with an internal thread 8 , which is brought into engagement with a threaded portion 9 which is adjacent to the seat portion of the shaft 1 and which is provided with an external thread 10 . The clamping element 3 also has a flange section 11 which , in the clamped state, bears against an axial end face 12 of the hub 2 . For the attack of a clamping tool, a tool engagement section is also provided on the clamping element 3 , which in this exemplary embodiment is in the form of a hexagon, but can also have a different shape.

In order to secure the clamping element 3 against loosening or losing, an additional locking ring 13 is provided, which is pushed onto a section 14 of the tapered diameter of the clamping element 3 . The tapered section 14 of the clamping element 3 adjoins the flange section 11 and is completely accommodated in the through-opening 6 of the hub 2 in the assembled state of the fastening device. The contact surfaces between the flange portion 11 of the clamping element 3 and the end face 12 of the hub 2 act as a seal to the outside, so that the locking ring 13 seated on the tapered section 14 of the clamping element 3 is protected against external influences.

The locking ring 13 in turn has a through opening 15 , at which means for positive coupling with the tapered section 14 of the clamping element 3 are provided in order to fix the locking ring 13 against rotation relative to the clamping element 3 . Furthermore, the locking ring 13 has radially outwardly directed projections 16 which, in the assembled state, engage with the contoured surface structure 5 of the hub 2 , so that the locking ring 13 is also secured against rotation relative to the hub 2 .

The locking ring 13 of the first exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 in its state fixed on the tensioning element 3 . As FIG. 3 shows, the retaining ring 13 has an annular body 17 in the form of a sleeve with a constant wall thickness. This ring body 17 has a polygonal shape in cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the shaft-hub connection. The section 14 tapered diameter of the clamping element 3 has a corresponding cross-sectional shape.

As a result, the locking ring 13 can be simply placed axially on the tapered section 14 , but is secured against rotation in the circumferential direction, so that the locking ring 13 is automatically taken along when the tensioning element 3 is rotated. An axial stop shoulder 19 for the locking ring 13 is also provided on the tensioning element 3 , so that the diameter transition between the flange section 11 and the section 14 tapered diameter is weakened as little as possible.

From the annular body 17 there are two projections 16 opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal axis A, radially beyond the circumference of the annular body 17 . These projections 16 serve to latch with the contoured surface structure 5 formed on the inner wall of the hub 2 . The projections 16 are each designed as radially outwardly bent tabs and are integrally connected to the ring body 17 . They are obtained here in that corresponding slots are made in the annular body 17 and the wall section delimited by them is pressed outwards. The locking ring 13 can thus be produced as a simple sheet metal part.

As can further be seen from FIG. 3, the free ends 18 of the two projections 16 here are aligned identically in the circumferential direction. The ends 18 point in the direction opposite to the clamping direction of the clamping element 3 , so that when the clamping element 3 is tightened, the projections 16 slide resiliently over the contoured surface structure 5 of the hub 2 . Upon rotation in the opposite direction, the free ends 18 of the projections 16 hook onto the contoured surface structure 5 , so that such a rotational movement is opposed to a significantly higher resistance, which is so great here due to the dimensioning of the surface structure 5 and the projections 16 To prevent loosening of the clamping element 3 .

The first embodiment shows two projections 16 . However, it is also possible to provide only a single projection 16 , or else to form more than two projections 16 on the locking ring 13 .

The serration shown by way of example in FIG. 1 enables a large number of latching positions lying closely next to one another. This has the advantage during tensioning that the shaft-hub connection can be adjusted step-by-step and very precisely to a desired preload level.

In Figs. 4 to 7 a second embodiment is a fastening device for a shaft-hub-connection shown, which differs from the first embodiment essentially only by the shape of the clamping element and the locking ring, so that only this will be explained in more detail below have to. For the design of the shaft 21 and the hub 22 of the second embodiment, reference is made to the above explanations.

Fig. 4 shows the assembled state in which the hub 22 is axially clamped with a shaft 21 via a clamping element 23 in the manner of a nut. The clamping element 23 is in turn secured by a retaining ring 33 which, in the assembled state, is protected within the through opening 26 of the hub 22 against external influences.

In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the securing ring 33 is designed here as a flat ring which extends essentially in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the shaft-hub connection.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 5, the tensioning element 23 in turn has a flange section 31 and a section 34 of tapered diameter adjoining it. On the flange section 31 , which in the assembled state rests against an end face of the hub 22 , a tool engagement section 40 in the form of a hexagon socket is also formed. Since the clamping element 23 has an internal thread 28 for screwing to the shaft 21 , the threaded section of the shaft 21 is designed to be somewhat shorter in comparison with the first exemplary embodiment, in order to ensure that the clamping tool engages in any case.

The locking ring 33 , which is shown in detail in FIG. 6, is pushed onto the section 34 with a tapered diameter of the tensioning element 23 . In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the securing ring 33 has a disk-shaped annular body 27 which extends in one plane and which, in the assembled state, is supported against the inside of the flange section 31 of the tensioning element 23 .

A through opening 35 is formed in the disk-shaped ring body 27 . At this through opening 35 means are provided for rotationally fixed, form-fitting, but axially movable coupling with the section 34 tapered diameter, so that when the clamping element 23 rotates the locking ring 33 is automatically taken. In the second exemplary embodiment shown, two flattened wall sections 41 are provided on the section 34 of tapered diameter, against which corresponding inner edges 42 of the through opening 35 of the securing ring 33 bear.

For the locking coupling of the locking ring 33 to the contoured surface structure 25 of the hub 22 , wings 27 projecting from the disk 27 of the locking ring 33 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A of the shaft-hub connection are connected, which in turn protrusions 36 in projecting radially beyond the periphery of the disk 27 Have the shape of radially bent tabs. The wings are formed in one piece with in the disc-shaped ring body 27 and bent approximately at a right angle on the outer edge of the ring body 27 . The projections 36 on the wings are designed as in the first exemplary embodiment, so that their free ends 38 ratchet spring-elastically over the contoured surface structure 25 of the hub 22 when rotating in the tensioning direction, but in the opposite direction cause a lock to release the connection prevent.

The third exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 8 and 9 shows a modified retaining ring 33 'corresponding to the second exemplary embodiment, in which only the projection 36 ' is designed differently. The initially radially outwardly extending tabs are angled inward so that the free end 38 'points radially inward. In this case, the bend 43 forms the portion of the projection 36 'that engages the contoured surface structure 25 of the hub 22 . As can be seen from the view of FIG. 9, this bending point 43 has an approximately V-shaped contour, so that the resistance to rotation against the tensioning direction is lower than in the second exemplary embodiment. It is thus possible to loosen the connection once it has been tightened by applying a high torque for the purpose of disassembly.

The fourth exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 10 and 11 shows a further, modified form of the securing ring 33 "corresponding to the second exemplary embodiment, in which in turn only the projection 36 " is designed differently. As can be seen in FIG. 10, the projection 36 "at the free end 38 " has the lower corner 44 chamfered in order to facilitate the first engagement with the contoured surface structure 25 "of the hub 22 " when tensioning.

In all embodiments, a phase can be provided on the contoured surface structure 25 at the end of the tensioning element in order to facilitate the first engagement of the projections of the securing ring.

In the exemplary embodiments explained above, there was always a radial one Locking between the circlip and the contoured surface on the Inner wall of the hub provided. However, it is also possible to use the locking ring additionally or alternatively to lock with the shaft. One is preferred Locking on an axial surface on the shaft into consideration, which is why Circlip are formed according to axially aligned projections.

It is also possible to use the screw connection between the clamping element and the shaft to reverse, that is, an external thread on the clamping element and a on the shaft Form internal thread.

As already described in connection with the first exemplary embodiment, the The number of projections on the locking rings is relatively free. In principle can a single lead is sufficient to achieve the desired safety function to fulfill. However, a larger number of protrusions is preferred intended. However, it has become functional and manufacturing Considered the number of two projections as particularly favorable.

In all cases, the snap ring can be easily installed by this first attached to the clamping element and then the clamping element with the shaft is screwed. The locking takes place automatically when the Clamping element without this requiring additional handling steps.

Since the locking ring is received within the through opening of the hub, it is largely protected against environmental influences.  

In addition, the locking ring is outside the force flow of the axial preload force, so that a high prestressing force can be applied and signs of settlement be kept low.  

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

wave

2

hub

3

clamping element

4

contoured surface structure of the shaft

5

contoured surface structure of the hub

6

Through opening of the hub

2

7

Through opening of the clamping element

3

8th

inner thread

9

threaded portion

10

external thread

11

flange

12

face

13

circlip

14

Section of tapered diameter of the clamping element

3

15

Through opening of the circlip

13

16

head Start

17

ring body

18

free end

19

axial stop shoulder

21

wave

22

hub

23

clamping element

25

contoured surface structure of the hub

22

26

Through opening of the hub

22

27

Through opening of the clamping element

23

28

inner thread

31

flange

33

circlip
33, '33 "circlip

34

Section of tapered diameter of the clamping element

23

35

Through opening of the circlip

33

36

head Start

36

'

36

" Head Start

37

disc-shaped ring body

38

free end

39

axial stop shoulder

40

Tool engagement section

41

flattened wall sections of the clamping element

23

42

Inner edge of the locking ring

33

43

bend

44

beveled corner

Claims (18)

1. Circlip for a shaft-hub connection, in which the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ) and the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) are clamped axially against one another with a clamping element ( 3 ; 23 )
an annular body (17; 37) with a passage opening (15; 35) for clipping onto a on the tension member (3; 23) section formed (14; 34) with the tapered diameter, at which the through hole (15; 35) means for in Circumferentially non-rotatable, but axially movable coupling with the section ( 14 ; 34 ) of tapered diameter are provided,
and at least one projection ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") projecting from the ring body ( 17 ; 37 ) for latching coupling with the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ) and / or the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) within the hub ( 2 ; 22 ). 2. Circlip according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") is resilient. 3. Circlip according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the projection ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") protrudes radially beyond the circumference of the ring body ( 17 ; 37 ) in order to with a on the inner wall of the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) trained contoured surface structure ( 5 ; 25 ) to latch. 4. Circlip according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ring body ( 17 ) forms a thin-walled bushing with a constant wall thickness and has a polygonal shape in cross section. 5. Circlip according to claim 4, characterized in that the projection ( 16 ) is designed as an outwardly bent tab. 6. Circlip according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ring body ( 37 ) is designed as a flat flat ring with a constant wall thickness. 7. Circlip according to claim 6, characterized in that the projection ( 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") is formed on the outer edge of the flat ring as a wing bent approximately at right angles to the plane of the flat ring, the wing in turn having a radially outwardly bent tab , 8. Circlip according to one of claims 5 or 7, characterized in that the free end ( 38 ') of the tab is angled radially inwards. 9. Circlip according to one of claims 5, 7 or 8, characterized in that the free end of the tab on the end facing the shaft has a beveled corner ( 44 ). 10. Circlip according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection protrudes axially beyond the ring body to with one on the end face of the shaft trained recess to lock. 11. Circlip according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a plurality of projections ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") are provided in the circumferential direction. 12. Circlip according to claim 11, characterized in that the free ends ( 18 ; 38 ; 38 '; 38 ") of the projections ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") are aligned identically in the circumferential direction. 13. Fastening device for a shaft-hub connection, comprising
a shaft ( 1 ; 21 ) with a seat section,
a hub ( 2 ; 22 ) with a through opening ( 6 ; 26 ) for axially pushing onto the seat section of the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ),
a clamping element ( 3 ; 23 ) for axially clamping the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) against the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ), for which purpose the clamping element ( 3 ; 23 ) has a thread for screwing with a thread provided on the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ) has, and a flange section ( 11 ; 31 ) for support against an end face of the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) and a section ( 14 ; 34 ) with a tapered diameter, which in the installed state in the through opening ( 6 ; 26 ) of the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) is included, and
a locking ring ( 13 ; 33 ) according to one of the preceding claims, which is fixed to the section ( 14 ; 34 ) with a tapered diameter and can be locked with the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) or the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ). 14. Fastening device according to claim 13, characterized in that the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) on the inner wall of its through opening ( 6 ; 26 ) has a contoured surface structure ( 5 ; 25 ) which is rotatably fixed to the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ) in the circumferential direction can be coupled. 15. Fastening device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the or the projections ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") of the locking ring ( 13 ; 33 ) with the contoured surface structure ( 5 ; 25 ) of the hub ( 2 ; 22 ) can be locked. 16. Fastening device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the or the projections ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") of the locking ring ( 13 ; 33 ) of the contoured surface structure ( 5 ; 25 ) of the hub ( 2 ; 220 ) cooperate in such a way that the projections ( 16 ; 36 ; 36 '; 36 ") slide with little resistance over the contoured surface structure ( 5 ; 25 ) when the tensioning element ( 3 ; 23 ) rotates in its tensioning direction however, opposing a rotation in the opposite direction is a high resistance. 17. Fastening device according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the thread on the clamping element ( 3 ; 23 ) is designed as an internal thread and the thread on the shaft ( 1 ; 21 ) as an external thread. 18. Fastening device according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized characterized in that the thread on the clamping element as an external thread and the thread on the shaft is an internal thread.